[.] In the proposed textbook the methodical bases of organization and planning of foreign economic activity of transport enterprises with disclosure of its specific features, considering international norms and traditions of cooperation, are presented. Relying on the disclosure of legal possibilities of realization of types of foreign economic activity, the essence of the procedures of their organization, the features of contractual activities in the organization of trade cooperation with foreign counterparties and the main content of the stages related to the performance of contractual obligations are revealed. The authors emphasized specific details of the sequence of actions in the organization of foreign trade operations and their implementation, which will ensure logical consistency and systematic presentation of the material and promote full understanding the material. The textbook aims to give the reader theoretical knowledge and practical skills in organizing foreign trade activities by transport enterprises.
Relevance of research topic. One of the features of foreign economic activity is vulnerability because of fluctuations of the global market environment, which requires the use of mechanisms for its regulation using financial instruments, methods and leverage. Formulation of the problem. Effective regulation of foreign economic activity, which would correspond to its actual goals and objectives, requires the formation of financial regulatory levers system. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issues of financial mechanism and financial regulation functioning today are the subject of detailed research in the professional scientific literature on finance. Scientific interest is also caused by studies of modern financial regulatory mechanisms in various areas of the national economy, in particular, regulation in the sphere of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Nowadays there is no consensus on the essence of financial leverage, its features and place in the structure of the financial mechanism. There is a lack of research on the problems of using financial levers within the framework of the mechanism for regulating foreign economic activity. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. Classification of financial levers of foreign economic activity regulation and specification of their composition as to methods and instruments of regulation. Method or methodology for conducting research. The system and structural approach, the method of logical analysis, the method of comparison were used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). In the paper the importance of applying financial levers in foreign economic activity regulation is grounded. Based on the essence of financial regulation, the structure of the financial mechanism, the goals and composition of the system of foreign economic activity financial regulation, the classification of financial levers for its regulation has been proposed. Directions of financial levers actions, forms of levers implementation, methods of regulation, and levels of regulation are highlighted as classification signs. In the framework of the proposed classification by regulation methods, a set of financial levers is presented in relation to the corresponding methods and instruments for foreign economic activity regulation. The field of application of results. Research of foreign economic activity financial regulation problems, educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses "Finance", "Foreign Trade"). Conclusions according to the article. The specific features of financial levers of foreign economic activity regulation are their multi-level influence on it, orientation at obtaining strengthening or retaining effect in accordance with the goals the state sets in the sphere of foreign economic activity regulation. Each lever is used within the relevant regulatory instruments and putting them in motion, and is aimed at the implementation of the regulatory action. Financial levers of regulation are interconnected into a single system and should be used comprehensively in foreign economic activity regulation.
Relevance of research topic. In conditions of the high-level export-oriented national economy of Ukraine, the importance of foreign trade and monetary policy research including the development of currency regulation becomes especially relevant. The need for a system of currency regulation based on the principles of liberalization, which corresponds to both the general economic situation in Ukraine and global trends, requires special attention to studying the instruments of currency regulation. Analysis of recent research and publications. Among the most studied aspects of regulating currency relations should be noted: the theoretical fundamentals of international monetary and financial relations, state regulation of the economy, international regulation of monetary relations, liberalization of international monetary relations, the current state and prospects of development of currency regulation in Ukraine and the monetary and financial mechanism of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Due to the global challenges and the constant evolution of monetary and financial relations, as well as the modernization of the system of currency regulation in Ukraine, the peculiarities of formation and application of the instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity require a more detailed study. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. To analyze the modern instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity and the peculiarities of their use in Ukraine. Method or methodology for conducting research. System and structural approach, method of logical analysis, statistical method, method of graphic analysis, method of comparison, method of structuring. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper describes approaches to the definition of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. Its place in the economic system of the state is considered. The system of instruments and levers of currency regulation of foreign economic activity is proposed based on direct and indirect regulation. The use of instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine in the modern conditions of currency regulation system liberalization is characterized. The field of application of results. Educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses "International Economics", "Global Economics", "Finance"). Conclusions according to the article. Analysis of the essence and approaches to the definition of currency regulation of foreign economic activity allows considering it as an instrument of currency policy and an integral part of foreign economic policy, state regulation of the economy, financial regulation of foreign economic activity. Indirect and direct currency regulations define its regulatory and control functions. Thereafter the exchange rate and currency transactions should be considered as the main instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. The corresponding regulation levers are triggering the instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. The levers of currency transactions instrument are rules of trade in currency values, currency restrictions, rules of administrating the foreign exchange proceeds of business entities. The levers of the exchange rate instrument are exchange rate regimes, devaluation/revaluation, foreign exchange interventions, foreign exchange reserves diversification. A new currency regulation system that provides the significant liberalization of currency transactions and capital movements was launched in Ukraine in 2019. According to it the concept of foreign exchange control as a repressive mechanism will be removed from the legislation, and a system of currency supervision will be introduced instead. The priority of less discriminatory instruments of currency regulation is also defined. Thus, it can be argued that the considered instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity reflect the trends of Ukraine's integration into the world financial and economic system.
Formulation of the problem. Intensification of foreign economic activity is a very important condition for the economic development of each country in the modern global environment. Currently, Ukraine's foreign economic activity has negative dynamics associated with full-scale Russian aggression. The most important task is to find ways to eliminate emerging political and economic problems; therefore, studying the peculiarities of Ukraine's foreign economic activity in the modern global environment is quite a relevant scientific and practical task. Analysis of recent research and publications. Today, there are a sufficient number of studies on the development of Ukraine's foreign economic activity in modern conditions that characterize the global environment. However, the challenges faced by the state in connection with the war started by Russia make it necessary to reconsider approaches to the study of foreign economic activity. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. Identifying the peculiarities of Ukraine's foreign economic activity in the modern global environment under the conditions of the Russian invasion. Method or methodology of research. General scientific (analysis and synthesis, system analysis, comparison) and specific research methods (sociological, morphological, graphic). Presentation of the main material (results of work). The article emphasizes the importance of foreign economic activity for the development of the country in the modern global environment. Current conditions regarding the implementation of foreign economic activity of Ukraine as one of the world's leading exporters of agricultural products are studied. The main trends of Ukraine's foreign trade against the background of a full-scale war with Russia are analyzed. The main areas of regulation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine in the conditions of war are determined. Field of application of results. Scientific studies of globalization and foreign economic activity, the educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses "International Economy", "Foreign Economic Activity"). Conclusions according to the article. Ukraine is one of the world's leading exporters of agricultural products and the food security of many countries of the world depends on Ukrainian exports. The results of military operations on the territory of Ukraine greatly affected its foreign economic activity, and this is most evident in the deterioration of foreign trade indicators. The structure of exports is dominated by products with low added value, and the difficulty of exporting them through seaports during the war caused a drop in export earnings. However, in connection with simplifying the access to the EU market, new prospects for the intensification of foreign economic activity are opening up for domestic enterprises.
Relevance of the research topic. Based on the appropriate challenges of scientific and technological progress, there is a need to draw attention not only to the competitive advantages of automated and robotic enterprises over purely automated, but also to the inevitability of rapid replacement of human and robot personnel as specialists capable of solving complex specialized problems and complex practical problems characterized by uncertainty of socio-economic conditions in the field of industrial production at the international level. Formulation of the problem. There is a clear lack of understanding of the inevitability of the gradual replacement of human professions by artificial-intellectual-robotic and catastrophic unpreparedness for these changes in the field of management in general. Analysis of recent research and publications. More than 100 years ago, many scientists devoted their research to robotics. Among the latter are the scientific works of N. Morse, L. Varchenko-Trotsenko, O. Garkavenko, A. Vashkevich, T. Katkova, Y. Zhukov, etc., but there is no research on the management of robot personnel in the field of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. All components of the management of organizations and the management of foreign economic activity of enterprises are completely unexplored in the set of unresolved issues of management of robot-personnel with artificial intelligence, which in the very near future will almost completely replace human-personnel. Problem statement, research goals. Substantiation of the role of the updated management of organizations and management of foreign economic activity of enterprises in the management of robot personnel, as an inevitable subject of economic relations. Methodology of the study. Complex of scientific abstraction, theoretical comparative analysis and synthesis of own innovative ideas. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The competitive advantages of automated-robotic enterprises over purely automated ones in carrying out foreign economic activity are shown. Attention is drawn to the inevitability of replacing several dozen professions with human labor and human intelligence with robotic work with artificial intelligence. In the context of this study, we are talking about the management of foreign economic activity of enterprises to ensure their sustainable competitiveness in the global labor market in the field of management of foreign economic organizations at national and international levels through the generation of new knowledge and innovative ideas. Field of application of results. Training of applicants in the specialty 073 "Management" with medium and long-term strategic vision. Conclusions in accordance with the article. Understanding the inevitable rapid replacement of human resources by robot personnel is the key to ensuring the stability and competitiveness of all industries and services in world markets. It is proposed to draw not only the attention of the scientific community to robotics based on artificial intelligence, but also to invest in further research to develop new strategies for training management (educational process from kindergarten to graduation) and accompanying educational and methodological support - especially in the field of foreign economic activity.
It is proved that the European integration course of our state and shifting the vector of public attention from mainly economic aspects of economic activity to the achievement of the main goals of the millennium require activation of foreign economic activity of enterprises for ensuring their sustainable development. It is proposed to interpret the accounting policy for foreign economic activity as a set of accounting principles, rules, methods, procedures and processes of the export-import operations accounting and financial reporting formation, which are established by Ukrainian law and international legal acts ratified in Ukraine, taking into account legislation of counterpart countries. The sequence of stages of the accounting policy formation for foreign economic activity is substantiated in the article. Methodological approach to the separation of accounting policies for the purpose of ensuring the unity of the accounting methodology and the subjects of its formation definition is proposed. The basic preconditions of implementation of domestic subjects of foreign economic activity in the accounting systems of the developed sequence of stages of the export-import operations accounting policy formation are determined as following: 1. The process of accounting policies formation is variable and includes the choice of one version of management and organization of accounting from a few that are allowed by legislative acts, which regulate accounting process in the countries-parties. It can be easily algorithmized and customized in accordance with essential features of export-import operations' regulation in different countries. 2. Further reflection of the accounting policies elements in corresponding directories will ensure synchronization of information flows and unification of tax settlements. 3. Phased accounting policies formation, as the basis for the accounting system, prevents formalized approach to this process, allows creating more meaningful accounting system and increasing efficiency of the ...
Relevance of research topic. In modern conditions of globalization and strengthening the international integration processes, the enterprises foreign economic activity (FEA) acquires strategic importance for their further development. Formulation of the problem. Today, one of the problems facing business entities in their foreign economic activity is the lack of an effective mechanism for its financial regulation. Taking into account the leading role of financial and economic factors in the management of the foreign economic activity, such a mechanism would allow enterprises to implement effectively their foreign economic strategy and improve their competitive positions in the foreign markets. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of financial mechanisms and financial regulation are the subject of research in the professional scientific literature on the theory of finance. Certain issues related to the financial regulation of enterprises' foreign economic activity are studied in scientific papers on foreign economic activity, financial management, foreign economic activity management, strategic management of the foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. A thorough study must be conducted on the specifics of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the level of business entities, as well as on the creation and functioning of a financial self-regulation mechanism in foreign economic activity. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. Developing a mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, and studying its components, taking into account the peculiarities of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the micro-level. Method or methodology for conducting research. System and structural approach, method of logical analysis, method of graphic analysis, method of comparison, method of structuring. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper substantiates the feasibility of creating a separate mechanism on the enterprises carrying out foreign economic activity, aimed at its financial regulation. Based on the analysis of the domestic legal framework and scientific research on foreign economic activity and enterprise finances, the features of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity are determined, which should be taken into account when building an appropriate mechanism. The mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity is developed and its components are investigated. The field of application of results. Scientific research of the problems of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, the educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses "Finance", "Foreign economic activity"). Conclusions according to the article. When forming the mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, the peculiarities of such a regulation at the business entities level should be taken into account. The structure of the mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity is built based on its belonging to the general mechanism of enterprise management, the mechanism of foreign economic activity management, the financial mechanism of enterprises, and the monetary-financial mechanism of foreign economic activity. The structure includes financial management of business entity foreign economic activity as a set of target, functional, providing, and management subsystems, as well as a subsystem of financial levers through which the influences on foreign economic activity are made, and a direct regulation subsystem. Along with the key role of state regulation, the enterprises' managers must make and implement independent decisions, develop their own systems of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the corporate level.
Dermanska L.V. CUSTOMS CONTROL OPTIMIZATION FOR PROVIDING EFFICIENCY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITYPurpose. The aim of the article is to investigation of problem areas of customs control and development of ways to optimize its procedures for ensuring the effectiveness of foreign economic activity.Methodology of research. To study the problem, general scientific and special methods were used: dialectical, deductive, inductive, abstraction and concretization, comparative and statistical analysis, graphical method. The following methods of research are used in the article: dialectical method of knowledge – in considering planning and substantiation of the concept of customs control; abstract and logical – in the theoretical generalization of the essence and methods of management mechanisms of customs control. Findings. The importance of optimization of customs procedures in the direction of integration into the European trading space is determined, the relationship of customs procedures on the effectiveness of customs control is investigated and the problem directions of their implementation are highlighted. The state measures on simplification and harmonization of customs rules in Ukraine are analyzed and priority directions of the customs policy in this direction from 2018 are outlined. The principles of effectiveness of customs reform are defined for ensuring development of foreign economic relations and socio and economic development of the state.According to the results of the conducted research, we note that customs control should ensure the achievement of the aim of customs policy - the positive image of Ukraine, its influence on the development of foreign economic relations and socio and economic development of the state as a whole.Originality. System research of problem areas of optimization of customs procedures for ensuring the effectiveness of customs control and development of foreign economic activity is carried out. Practical value. The obtained results of the research will contribute to a significant improvement of the state of customs control, increase of efficiency of control and checking activity of customs units, strengthening of their role in counteraction to shadow transactions in the field of foreign economic activity. Key words: customs procedures; customs control; European integration; foreign trade; efficiency; optimization.
Changes in the external conditions of business in Ukraine, European integration vector of the country development, and possibilities of import/export operations facilitate foreign trade. Modern methods of strategic management and strategic diagnostics should be developed in line with international requirements and needs of managers in Ukraine and partners abroad. Therefore substantiation of innovation trends for enterprise development strategies on the international arena as a constituent of stable economy is important and necessary.
The purpose of this article is to define innovative approaches to planning, development and implementation of strategies and to develop a comprehensive diagnosis of the strategic potential of foreign economic activity.
During the research, the following methods: logical abstraction, modeling, PEST-analysis, systems analysis, graphic.
The main results of the study are: 1) disclosure of the features of the construction of strategic management in international business; 2) analysis of European and American practices of strategic management of foreign economic activity of enterprises; 3) study of algorithmic scheme of strategic management in the Ukraine; 4) justification of methods of three-level system of strategic analysis using matrix methods of assessment; 5) the classification of the main methods of matrix analysis within groups: macro, meso, macro level; 6) a comprehensive diagnosis of the strategic potential of foreign economic activity of enterprises in Ukraine.
The study proved the main areas of innovation and strategic principles of international management and comprehensive methodology for strategic planning matrix based on innovative methods
The subject of the article was the analysis of the state regulatory policy in the field of securing foreign economic activity and the development of relevant directions for its adaptation in the conditions of martial law. In the study, the regulatory and legal support for the implementation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine was formed. Peculiarities of implementation of international trade activities in the conditions of martial law are determined. The losses of Ukraine's industrial potential during military operations are analyzed. The rates of decline of export and import operations during the period of martial law are estimated. Regulatory activity of the authorities with respect to stabilization of foreign economic activity and directions with respect to support of business entities have been studied. The conclusions highlight areas related to the support and activation of economic activity, which are aimed at creating the necessary conditions for the formation of a positive climate of innovation and investment, efficient and safe logistic flows, and a regulatory and legal field that is adapted to the standards of European countries.
Halas L.I. STRATEGY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES: CONCEPT AND ITS MAIN FUNCTIONSPurpose. The aim of the article is to research the main interpretations of the definition of "strategy of foreign economic activity" and derivation of the optimal meaning of this concept for agricultural enterprises on the basis of functions performed by the strategy for efficient and competitive entry into foreign markets and further activity of these enterprises in the market.Methodology of research. The following general scientific methods are used in the research process: historical and genetic, statistical and method of analysis and synthesis ‒ to study the theoretical foundations of the strategy of foreign economic activity in the field of agriculture of Ukraine; comparison, description and generalization ‒ to determine the functions of the strategy of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises.Findings. The main approaches to the concept of "strategy of foreign economic activity of the enterprise" are studied. The concept of "strategy of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises" is developed and substantiated and its main functions for the effective functioning of the agricultural enterprise in foreign markets of goods and services are derived.Originality. Own interpretation of the concept of "strategy of foreign economic activity" is proposed. It should be understood as an effective tool for the enterprise to enter foreign markets of goods and services, which will ensure the implementation of any type of foreign economic activity based on legislation of trade countries and basic strategic management methods on the development of the internal and external environment of the enterprise in order to establish partnerships and trade relations and increase competitive advantages.Practical value. The obtained results of the research are the basis for solving the strategic tasks of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and are aimed at optimizing the strategic development of enterprises.Key words: strategy of foreign economic activity, agricultural enterprises, functions of strategy of foreign economic activity, planning, control, motivation.