Suchergebnisse

The author presents the conception of using foreign trade turnovers as well as the main elements and principles of the system of foreign trade in conditions of Poland's economy. At the beginning the author is analizing means of using foreign trade in a planning economy in short and long terms. Then he passes over to the basic problem: to the concept of a construction of the mechanism of foreign trade in the system of our economy. The essential elements of actual mechanism of foreign trade are as follows: 1) concentration of almost all decisions concerning the economic foreign transaction on the central level, 2) choice of the commodity structure of foreign trade on the basic calculation of the central plan, 3) institutional and economic separation of the foreign trade from production, 4) autonomous character of the system of home market prices in regard to the world market prices, 5) sovereign of a monetary system and the passive function of the rate of exchange. The last part of this article consists of analyzing directions of the evolution of the mechanism of foreign trade. The author presents here these reforms mainly, which in result of the sharp criticism of the previous system consist of a certain degree of decentralization of management of foreign trade. The deviations from the assumptions of this model concerning here are: activity of the calculation enterprises and incentives at the level of the enterprise, decentralization of certain decisions in foreign trade, and incentival action of prices system in the sphere of the plan fulfillment. ; Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016

The subject of the analysis in the article is the participation of the local government administration in running a cultural institution. The situation in the Podlaskie voivodship has been analyzed on a nationwide basis. The main problems focus on the principles and methods of financing cultural institutions by regional self-government and various ways of obtaining additional, extra-budgetary funding for their activities, especially from Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and the European Union. The author points to spatial, social, and financial diversification related to the access to cultural events and participation in them using the example of Podlaskie voivodship. He propounds greater professionalisation related to running cultural institutions at the level of the voivodship as well as conducting pro-development cultural policy by local government units. He also stresses the need for activating local and regional communities in connection with cultural events and participation in organizing them. Participation in culture at the local and regional level and prudent government policy in this area are the foundation for building a strong social and regional identity.

The thesis aims to describe the process of European integration in the social and economic fields. The increase in the social participation of non-Governmental Organisations in the work of the European Union and the strengthening of their positions by EU instruments have resulted from the implementation of the assumptions of the so-called Lisbon Strategy. The main assumption of the presented considerations is to show the process of the formation of new European Union regulations. The reason for initiating legislative activities for charity outside the borders of the EU countries is the number of judgements of the European Court of Justice forbidding discrimination againstorganisations from different EU countries. The thesis aims to present the results of analyses obtained under the Feasibility Study commissioned by the European Commission, public consultations and the role of the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the ongoing legislative process. ; Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim

The text presents remarks on four issues political scientists often take into consideration when reflecting on the borders of their research. The first issue concerns the call to scrutinize the course of legislative procedures, the second one – the need to recognize and note various traditions of political thought in the platforms of political parties and the statements uttered by politicians; the third – the fundamental question of whether political topics are grasped in the structure of sensual perceptions reflected in language; and, finally, the disputable postulate that the philosophy of politics, approached as an element of reflection on political science, clarifies exclusively the notions and concepts applied in the political sciences. These considerations pose problems rather than solve them, and they are completed by a warning that political science should not be developed towards common knowledge, and it should not become increasingly indeterminate and blurred. ; The text presents remarks on four issues political scientists often take into consideration when reflecting on the borders of their research. The first issue concerns the call to scrutinize the course of legislative procedures, the second one – the need to recognize and note various traditions of political thought in the platforms of political parties and the statements uttered by politicians; the third – the fundamental question of whether political topics are grasped in the structure of sensual perceptions reflected in language; and, finally, the disputable postulate that the philosophy of politics, approached as an element of reflection on political science, clarifies exclusively the notions and concepts applied in the political sciences. These considerations pose problems rather than solve them, and they are completed by a warning that political science should not be developed towards common knowledge, and it should not become increasingly indeterminate and blurred.

This publication contains the results of the research companies and expert analysis on the impact of cross-border cooperation on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises, thereby strengthening development processes in the peripheral regions. The research was conducted within the framework of the project "Development of cross-border economic co-operation subregion Bialystok-Suwalki and Grodno region of Belarus and subregion Przemysl and Krosno with Transcarpathian Oblast in Ukraine" co-financed by the European Union under the Cross-Border Cooperation Programme Poland-Belarus-Ukraine 2007-2013. Bialystok Personnel Training Foundation implemented the project in cooperation with a partner from Belarus State University in Grodno and partner of Ukraine, Foundation for the Development of Cross-Border Cooperation of Uzhhorod.

The agreement on the foundation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and other documents signed by the members states to determine the scope of collaboration, their common objectives and principles, were an exclusive legal foundation of CIS until the CIS Statute was signed. The Statute does not determine the range of CIS's competence and it only stipulates the scope of joint operations of member states. CIS institutions, composed of high ranking officials from member states, only have coordinating competence. However, they are a forum for making common decisions concerning CIS functioning. CIS coordinating organs do not have the authority over member states either, and they can only make recommendations. The Commonwealth of Independent States is relatively young in comparison to other international structures. It is extremely difficult and usually time-consuming to create any form of integration, especially in the realm of politics. It is particularly complicated with respect to CIS as a coherent attitude of all, highly diversified, members is required to work out permanent principles of functioning. ; The agreement on the foundation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and other documents signed by the members states to determine the scope of collaboration, their common objectives and principles, were an exclusive legal foundation of CIS until the CIS Statute was signed. The Statute does not determine the range of CIS's competence and it only stipulates the scope of joint operations of member states. CIS institutions, composed of high ranking officials from member states, only have coordinating competence. However, they are a forum for making common decisions concerning CIS functioning. CIS coordinating organs do not have the authority over member states either, and they can only make recommendations. The Commonwealth of Independent States is relatively young in comparison to other international structures. It is extremely difficult and usually time-consuming to create any form of integration, especially in the realm of politics. It is particularly complicated with respect to CIS as a coherent attitude of all, highly diversified, members is required to work out permanent principles of functioning.

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the theoretical foundations of the local government, reestablished in 1990, taking into account the state and political theories, whose standards have been established with regard to the local government during the interwar period, as well as the concept of the civil society, built upon the foundation of the civil movements of the 1980s that aimed at democratizing the authoritarian regimes of Central and Eastern Europe. The idea of the civil society, which reemerged after two centuries, not only inspired a nation-wide political protest movement and democratic modernization of the state, but also became one of the cornerstones of the conception of the local government, as cooperation with the local organizations, considered to be the most important agents of the third sector, has been inscribed directly into the local government statutes.

The study concerns the factors influencing the shape of the Polish administrative judiciary, ranging from their conceptual patterns in the interwar period to the present day. Therefore, the article presents the history of administrative judiciary reforms as well as the constitutional and statutory foundations of the Polish administrative judiciary and their most important changes. The following parts of the study discuss issues related to the structure and internal organization of administrative courts, their jurisdiction and the concept of "administrative court case" as the subject of proceedings before an administrative court. The basic principles of administrative court proceedings as well as the types and nature of court decisions, including their appealability, validityand enforceability, were also discussed. The last part highlights the challenges faced by the Polish administrative judiciary and the prospects for its further reforms. ; Opracowanie dotyczy czynników mających wpływ na kształt polskiego sądownictwa administracyjnego, począwszy od ich koncepcyjnych wzorców w okresie międzywojennym, po czasy współczesne. W związku z tym w artykule przedstawiono historię reform sądownictwa administracyjnego oraz konstytucyjne i ustawowe podstawy polskiego sądownictwa administracyjnego i ich najważniejsze zmiany. W kolejnych częściach opracowania omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące struktury i organizacji wewnętrznej sądów administracyjnych, ich właściwość oraz pojęcie "sprawy sądowoadministracyjnej" jako przedmiotu postępowania przed sądem administracyjnym. Przybliżono też podstawowe zasady postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego oraz rodzaje i charakter rozstrzygnięć sądowych, w tym ich zaskarżalność, prawomocność i wykonalność. W ostatniej części zwrócono uwagę na wyzwania stojące przed polskim sądownictwem administracyjnym oraz perspektywy jego dalszych reform.

The study concerns the factors influencing the shape of the Polish administrative judiciary, ranging from their conceptual patterns in the interwar period to the present day. Therefore, the article presents the history of administrative judiciary reforms as well as the constitutional and statutory foundations of the Polish administrative judiciary and their most important changes. The following parts of the study discuss issues related to the structure and internal organization of administrative courts, their jurisdiction and the concept of "administrative court case" as the subject of proceedings before an administrative court. The basic principles of administrative court proceedings as well as the types and nature of court decisions, including their appealability, validity and enforceability, were also discussed. The last part highlights the challenges faced by the Polish administrative judiciary and the prospects for its further reforms. ; Opracowanie dotyczy czynników mających wpływ na kształt polskiego sądownictwa administracyjnego, począwszy od ich koncepcyjnych wzorców w okresie międzywojennym, po czasy współczesne. W związku z tym w artykule przedstawiono historię reform sądownictwa administracyjnego oraz konstytucyjne i ustawowe podstawy polskiego sądownictwa administracyjnego i ich najważniejsze zmiany. W kolejnych częściach opracowania omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące struktury i organizacji wewnętrznej sądów administracyjnych, ich właściwość oraz pojęcie "sprawy sądowoadministracyjnej" jako przedmiotu postępowania przed sądem administracyjnym. Przybliżono też podstawowe zasady postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego oraz rodzaje i charakter rozstrzygnięć sądowych, w tym ich zaskarżalność, prawomocność i wykonalność. W ostatniej części zwrócono uwagę na wyzwania stojące przed polskim sądownictwem administracyjnym oraz perspektywy jego dalszych reform.

This article is a case study of the role played by a non-governmental organisation in the development policy and development assistance on the example of the Coprodeli Foundation in Peru. In developed democratic countries, the organs of state power entrust part of their tasks to civil society organisations. However, these organisations can also become the leader in the development policy replacing or supporting the state. This determination is particularly important in the perspective of developing countries. However, the business model of these organisations must be inclusive and not substitute. The model developed by Coprodeli involves both beneficiaries, local and state power and business structures, and other aid organisations. Participation of many entities and the specifics of the work of the foundation, which places entire settlements in places neglected and affected by natural disasters, makes the model developed by Coprodeli important for the advancement of the theory of development assistance policy.

The author of the book analyzes the constitutional foundations of the government systems of modern Ukraine during the years 1917–2017. The book is devoted to the analysis of enacted constitutions, the complete or partial amendments to the constitution and the analysis of directions introduced or initiated changes.

The agreement on the foundation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and other documents signed by the members states to determine the scope of collaboration, their common objectives and principles, were an exclusive legal foundation of CIS until the CIS Statute was signed. The Statute does not determine the range of CIS's competence and it only stipulates the scope of joint operations of member states. CIS institutions, composed of high ranking officials from member states, only have coordinating competence. However, they are a forum for making common decisions concerning CIS functioning. CIS coordinating organs do not have the authority over member states either, and they can only make recommendations. The Commonwealth of Independent States is relatively young in comparison to other international structures. It is extremely difficult and usually time-consuming to create any form of integration, especially in the realm of politics. It is particularly complicated with respect to CIS as a coherent attitude of all, highly diversified, members is required to work out permanent principles of functioning.

The matter of normative foundations and operation of regional self- government in Poland, as seen by the regional elites is devoted. The general rules of democratic order was adopted as the reference frame for the perceptions and opinions of elites. The conclusions make it possible to say that the institutionalization of the regional self-government do not fully reflect the intentions of the initiators of the local government reform and that, moreover, the elites themselves lack the innovative potential necessary to improve the quality of this institution. ; The matter of normative foundations and operation of regional self- government in Poland, as seen by the regional elites is devoted. The general rules of democratic order was adopted as the reference frame for the perceptions and opinions of elites. The conclusions make it possible to say that the institutionalization of the regional self-government do not fully reflect the intentions of the initiators of the local government reform and that, moreover, the elites themselves lack the innovative potential necessary to improve the quality of this institution.