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Objectives: To describe the strategies used for children and adolescents adherence to anti-retroviral therapy, described in the scientific literature, and discuss the role of nursing staff across the adherence of children and adolescents with anti-retroviral therapy. Method: An exploratory bibliography of articles selected by VHL. Results: We found 15 scientific works related to the theme. Conclusion: We found individual strategies of approach, focused on children and adolescents, and group centered on the family / caregivers. It was found that regardless of the approach used, the family / caregiver is directly involved in the disease process of the child and adolescent anti-retroviral therapy. We conclude that the practice of care needs to be constantly evaluated to develop appropriate interventions for its improvement. The care strategies were shown to be the way to successful adherence to anti-retroviral therapy, as were evaluative and interventional later problems related to adherence.

It is argued that the Bush Administration's trade policy is an important change in the U.S. tradition because of the proliferation of bilateral agreements. However, the analysis of the CAFTA-DR demonstrates that it can found strong domestic resistance. Adapted from the source document.

O crescente número de usuários de internet desencadeou um aumento na busca dos serviços de farmácias virtuais brasileiras. Com o objetivo de avaliar a validade das informações divulgadas nesses sites, realizou-se estudo descritivo com 18 farmácias virtuais quanto aos aspectos legais, acessibilidade, fontes de informação e propagandas de medicamentos. Verificou-se que 15 não possuíam autorização de funcionamento da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária; 17 não tinham o nome do farmacêutico responsável pelo funcionamento; 17 comercializavam medicamentos sem registro, especialmente fitoterápicos, e não dispunham de informações sobre reações adversas a medicamentos e nem exibiam alertas e recomendações sanitárias determinadas por essa Agência. Como o controle sanitário e o comércio de medicamentos nas farmácias virtuais brasileiras ainda não estão regulamentados pelos órgãos governamentais competentes, essas falhas encontradas nos sites podem colocar em risco a saúde de seus usuários. ; The growing number of Internet users brought forth an increase in the search for Brazilian online pharmacy services. Aiming at evaluating the validity of information disseminated in these websites, a descriptive study was carried out in 18 virtual pharmacies concerning legal aspects, accessibility, sources of information and drug advertisings. It was found 15 pharmacies did not have authorization of the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency; the manager pharmaceutical officer's name could not be found in 17 of them; 17 pharmacies marketed drugs with no registration, especially herbal medicines, and did not show either information on adverse drug reactions or this agency's alerts and health recommendations. Since health control and drug commerce in Brazilian online pharmacies have not been yet regulated by proper government agencies, these gaps found in the sites can pose risk to the users' health.

This text analyzes the relationship between financial groups and the leadership of the main representative organizations of this class which expressed the political-corporativist interests of financial leaders in the country from 1989 to 1995. This relationship was studied through an analysis of the composition of the directories of nine financial sector representative organizations and the cherting of their links with the officers of financial groups. An expansion of the role of these groups and of their significant presence in the leadership of the organizations analyzed was found. ; This text analyzes the relationship between financial groups and the leadership of the main representative organizations of this class which expressed the political-corporativist interests of financial leaders in the country from 1989 to 1995. This relationship was studied through an analysis of the composition of the directories of nine financial sector representative organizations and the cherting of their links with the officers of financial groups. An expansion of the role of these groups and of their significant presence in the leadership of the organizations analyzed was found.

The present study aimed to conduct a census of toxic species in the family Euphorbiaceae present in Araguaína, TO and assess the number locations of poisoning cases by toxic plants. The survey was conducted in 35 randomly selected neighborhoods. Of these 35 sectors found in 77.14 % Jatropha curcasand 22.86% Euphorbia milii. The three sectors where more individuals of J. curcas, in Loteamento Jorge Martins were found (51.8%), São Miguel (55.5%) and Céu Azul (70.37%). The values of E. miliiwere in m2, greater occurrence of this species in Manoel da Cunha (2.05 m2) and Palmas sector (0.05m2). In period 2009 -2015 were 37 cases of poisoning, 30 of these cases are city dwellers of Araguaína, these kinds J.curcaswas responsible for 53.33% of poisoning, other cases was caused by Dieffenbachia picta(10%), 36.66% the cause of the poisoning species was not identified. The majority of the cases registered (96.29%) is associated with children aged from one to 10 years old. The results may help in the preparation of informative material about the poisoning cases, as well as species related with the highest occurrence, alerting the population about the dangers of eating poisonous plants.

Our proposal investigated and historicisó the conflict that occurred between the security forces of the State of Pará and the rural workers, occurred on April 17, 1996 in the city of Eldorado do Carajás, where, once again, regarding the issues The use of violence prevailedas a "solution" found by the oligarchical political command, almost a "parallel power" to a fragile judicial power, maintained by the use of force, in this Massacre of Eldorado do Carajás, which culminated in the death of 19 workers. We seek to reveal thediversified meanings of narratives about the episode depending on who narrates these memories: survivors, pastoral agents, priests, intellectuals, police officers, journalists in the sense of unveiling the meanings that attach to specific interests depending on the insertion of these diversified subjects in the field Of memory, a memory that is reactivated by several statements, among them the literary ones, because it is a means that the victims found to express their pain and suffering. In this sense ourresearch proposes to raise and to problematize the available sources in the CPT-Xinguara -PA giving emphasis to the analysis of the memory narratives.

Digital materials used in teaching and learning are called learning objects (LO). Traditionally, LOs were developed for use as support materials for teacher. However, they can be used by students or whoever is interested in learning something. LOs can be found in repositories and also on the Web, in teachers and institutions sites. In spite of that, they are not easily found. Repositories address few knowledge fields and few languages. Search engines return a large amount of information that makes it difficult for users to identify relevant LOs to meet their goals. In this context, this paper proposes a new mechanism for LOs retrieval, based on Web 2.0 principles. Among the options for Web 2.0 applications, the model of social bookmarking called our attention because it provides facilities to store links to LOs, and also to share and classify these links. Moreover, unlike what happens with the repositories, in these tools, any user can post new links, without restrictions. The prototype of this tool was called VITAE. VITAE provides links to LOs, in a way that people can store, organize and share them with others.

Today we live in an increasingly scientific and technologically developed society that has promoted transformations in the social, political and economic environment. This development brought with it the illusion that all social and cultural problems would be solved, creating a traditional image of this science, in which its development would be free of particular interests. In order for the community to be able to understand the relations between science and the collective, it is necessary to have debates about the subject, and thinking about it, the movement called Science, Technology, Society and Environment (STSE) was created, representing a critical study group about the traditionalist and essentialist view of science and technology. The STSE studies seek to understand their social dimensions and even their consequences. Thus, this study has as main objective to review the Brazilian literature in search of articles that work the STSE approach in the teaching of Chemistry in the context of the high school classroom, with the intention of training citizens critical about the most diverse subjects of this. This research has a qualitative character, as it allows the researcher a better approximation and understanding of the facts studied. The articles were searched in national journals that allow free access and with qualis A1, A2 and B1 qualis according to the CAPES Qualis-Periodical system. In all, 24 journals were found, but only 8 articles were found with the theme under study, being found 14 in total. The selected papers cover the topics of Acids and Bases (1), Physical-Chemistry (1), Environmental Chemistry (3), Organic Chemistry (8) and Radioactivity (1), in which teaching was conceived in the STSE precepts to promote greater contextualization and the formation of the critical citizen. All the creators of the researches sought through the STSE to make the classes more attractive and dynamic, centering the construction of the knowledge in the student through the stimulation of the research.

More than 200 years ago, a French ex-soldier, who after the French-English war found himself in New York, reflected on the nature & identity of the new country & asked "Who is the American, then, this new man?" This article considers what Samuel Huntington had to say on this question in his last book. Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity (2004). Adapted from the source document.

This volume of the Comunicação e Sociedade journal is dedicated to various studies on different discursive-textual strategies found in political discourses, the press and social networks about migrants, refugees and minorities, that circulate in 21st century societies. ; A revista Comunicação e Sociedade dá voz, na presente edição, a estudos sobre diferentes estratégias discursivo-textuais convocadas em discursos políticos, da imprensa e das redes sociais sobre migrantes, refugiados e minorias, que circulam nas sociedades deste nosso século XXI.

The paper deals with EU policies towards its eastern periphery, focusing on the Western Balkans and South Caucasus. Departing from a comparative approach, the paper argues that the establishment of a regional normative order, with clear goals of stabilization through variable geometry integration, has found clear limits. The paper flashes out these dynamics and establishes important lessons to be learned from the European approach to the Balkans and the Caucasus. Adapted from the source document.

Although Brazil has traditionally been characterized by a culture of inward-looking policy making, the presence of foreign firms in the Brazilian productive sector has always been significant. The share of foreign-owned firms is one of the highest that can be found among developing countries. This article discusses the main features of the external sector of the Brazilian economy, regarding trade flows, foreign investment, the internationalization of Brazilian entrepreneurial groups and the short-term financial requirements in foreign currencies. Adapted from the source document.

The effect of the allocation of government spending on the economy is currently a subject of interest given the fiscal budget constraints facing governments due to fiscal crises or adjustments. This paper thus seeks to study the effects of the allocation of government spending on the GDP behavior of Brazilian states from 1995 to 2011. Using a conventional FE (Fixed Effect) panel data model, this paper's main results are as follows: (i) administration and planning, (ii) judicial, (iii) housing and (iv) social assistance spending were found to be productive, while (i) education and culture and (ii) legislative spending were found to be unproductive. In addition, some evidence has been found that the introduction of public borrowing rules by the Fiscal Responsibility Law has been beneficial to the economic growth of Brazilian states. ; El presente trabajo analiza los efectos de la alocación del gasto público sobre el crecimiento económico de los estados de Brasil en el período de 1995-2011. La investigación se realizó mediante el análisis de datos en panel. Los resultados muestran que los gastos con el: (i) ejecutivo, (ii) judicial, (iii) habitación y (iv) bienestar social impactaron el crecimiento económico positivamente, mientras que los gastos en: (i) educación y (ii) legislativo no tuvieron impacto productivo sobre el crecimiento económico. Además, la introducción de reglas fiscales a través de la "Ley de Responsabilidad Fiscal" ha sido beneficiosa al crecimiento de los estados. ; Tendo em vista as restrições orçamentárias impostas aos governos, em contextos de crises e ajustes fiscais, faz-se necessária a discussão acerca do efeito da alocação dos gastos públicos sobre o estado da economia. Nesse sentido, o presente ensaio busca discutir os efeitos da alocação do gasto público sobre o comportamento do PIB real dos estados brasileiros. Para tanto, foi utilizado um painel convencional de Efeitos Fixos (EF), no período de 1995- 2011. Os gastos em: (i) administração e planejamento, (ii) judiciário, (iii) habitação e urbanismo e (iv) assistência e previdência mostraram-se produtivos e os gastos em: (i) educação e cultura e (ii) legislativo mostraram-se improdutivos. Foram encontradas evidências de que a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF) tem sido benéfica ao crescimento econômico dos estados brasileiros.

Background: Biodiversity is essential for its instrumental, scientific, and political values, and its knowledge is vital to promote its preservation. Objectives: This study identified and analysed the presence of knowledge related to biodiversity in Biology and/or multidisciplinary items in the National High School Examination (ENEM) over ten years between 2009 and 2018. Design: Longitudinal study, based on qualitative methodology. Setting and participants: Education and science experts participated in the analyses. Data collection and analysis: Data were collected on the INEP website. Analyses performed by researchers and an expert panel. Results: We found a clear prevalence of the category "Ecology and Environmental Sciences" in the items, which is in agreement with the literature. However, we also found a disproportionate distribution of questions concerning the categories of the reference matrix of the discipline of Biology. Furthermore, there is significant variability in the theme in different years. We discussed the consequences for curriculum and conservation. Conclusions: There is an imbalance that reveals a dominant trend, acting as a structuring element of the questions, that silences other major areas of Biology and can influence the curriculum and practices of secondary school teachers. The high variability of the occurrence of the biodiversity theme in Biology tests suggests a non-harmonic relationship, which may be associated with the statistical demands of the IRT modelling, between the selection of questions and the reference matrix of the Biology categories, with possible consequences for the curriculum.