Suchergebnisse

Free trade agreements in Southeast Asia -- Contents -- About the Author -- Chapter 1: Features of FTAs -- Chapter 2: Singapore's FTAs with New Zealand and Australia -- Chapter 3: Singapore's FTAs with Japan and EFTA -- Chapter 4: Singapore's FTA with the United States -- Chapter 5: Ongoing Individual Country FTA Initiatives -- Chapter 6: Ongoing ASEAN-wide FTA Initiatives: China, Australia/New Zealand, Japan, and India -- Chapter 7: Possible Benefits of FTAs for Southeast Asia -- Postscript -- Selected References.

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are often considered as one of the building blocks for regional economic integration. They specify a set of rules or standards that govern trade among the members who are signatories to these agreements. However, by definition, FTAs tend to be discriminatory and are often considered to be hindering rather than facilitating the goal of achieving global free trade. In the context of Southeast Asia, consumers and businesses must understand in what way a bilateral FTA might affect them, given that this is hitherto an unknown trend to most of the region. This book attempts to create a conceptual understanding on the features and benefits of FTAs proliferating in Southeast Asia. It focuses on the debate of whether such FTAs are a building or stumbling block towards achieving global free trade. The book details the concluded as well as ongoing FTA initiatives of Singapore, highlighting the benefits to the Singapore economy. It further details the other ongoing ASEAN-wide FTA initiatives, both at the bilateral and regional levels, and analyses their implications for the economies of Southeast Asia. The book observes that it is important to understand the exact nature of the gains from trade when entering into such agreements, given their wide scope and diverse nature. This is the first book in the ISEAS Southeast Asia Background Series

Intro -- U.S. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND TRADE POLICY -- U.S. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND TRADE POLICY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS: IMPACT ON U.S. TRADE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. TRADE POLICY -- SUMMARY -- WHAT ARE FREE TRADE AREAS? -- WHY COUNTRIES FORM FTAS -- FTAS IN THE CONTEXT OF U.S. TRADE POLICY -- OBAMA ADMINISTRATION POLICY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FTAS -- FTAS AND THE WTO -- THE DEBATE OVER FTAS -- CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONGRESS -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 THE FUTURE OF U.S. TRADE POLICY: AN ANALYSIS OF ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR THE 111TH CONGRESS -- SUMMARY -- THE CURRENT ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CLIMATE FOR TRADE POLICY -- Political Factors -- Public Opinion -- Congressional Perspective -- Presidential Perspective -- Executive-Legislative Partnership/Tension -- Economic Factors -- Global Economic Downturn -- Emergence of Developing Countries -- Economic Integration and Global Production Networks -- Preferential Trade Arrangements -- Limitations on Trade Policymaking -- "Behind the Border" Trade Barriers -- Trade Deficits -- TRADE ISSUES -- Pending FTAs and FTA Negotiations -- The WTO and the DDA -- Renewal of Trade Promotion Authority -- Reauthorization and Review of Trade Preference Programs -- Trade Enforcement -- Foreign Direct Investment: Bilateral Investment Treaties and FTA Investment Chapters -- THE DEBATE OVER U.S. TRADE POLICY: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? -- "Trade Liberalizers" -- "Fair Traders" -- "Trade Skeptics" -- THE DIRECTION OF FOREIGN TRADE POLICY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 THE PROPOSED U.S.-PANAMA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT -- SUMMARY -- PANAMA'S CANAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES -- Early U.S.-Panama Economic Relations -- The Canal and U.S. Trade Policy -- PANAMANIAN TRADE RELATIONS

Intro -- U.S.-PANAMA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT -- U.S.-PANAMA FREETRADE AGREEMENT -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ANNEX 3.2. NATIONAL TREATMENT AND IMPORT AND EXPORT RESTRICTIONS -- Chapter 1THE PROPOSED U.S.-PANAMA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT* -- SUMMARY -- PANAMA'S CANAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES -- Early U.S.-Panama Economic Relations -- The Canal and U.S. Trade Policy -- PANAMANIAN TRADE RELATIONS -- Structure and Direction of Panamanian Trade -- The Colón Free Zone -- U.S.-Panama Merchandise Trade -- U.S. Foreign Direct Investment -- SUMMARY OF TRADE NEGOTIATIONS AND THE PROPOSED U.S.-PANAMA FTA21 -- Market Access -- Agricultural Trade -- Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) -- Textiles and Apparel -- Government Procurement -- Investment -- Services -- Intellectual Property Rights -- Pharmaceutical Issues -- Labor and Environment -- Labor Issues -- Panama's Labor Conditions -- Environmental Issues -- Trade Capacity Building -- OUTLOOK -- APPENDIX A. CHRONOLOGY OF U.S.-PANAMA FTA -- APPENDIX B. PANAMA: SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS -- End Notes -- Chapter 2UNITED STATES - PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION AGREEMENT* -- PREAMBLE -- 1. INITIAL PROVISIONS -- Article 1.1: Establishment of a Free Trade Area -- Article 1.2: Objectives -- Article 1.3: Relation to Other Agreements -- Article 1.4: Extent of Obligations -- 2. GENERAL DEFINITIONS -- Article 2.1: Definitions of General Application -- ANNEX 2.1. COUNTRY-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS -- 3. NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS -- Article 3.1: Scopeand Coverage -- Section A: National Treatment -- Article 3.2: National Treatment -- Section B: Tariff Elimination -- Article 3.3: Tariff Elimination -- Section C: Special Regimes -- Article 3.4: Waiver of Customs Duties -- Article 3.5: Temporary Admission of Goods -- Article 3.6: Goods Re-Entered after Repair or Alteration

The book examines the manifestation of the concept of free trade in agreements, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA). It asks whether such agreements are entered into for the purposes of enhancing trading relationships between partner nations, strengthening commercial ties, and fostering economic growth; or are they sometimes used merely for local political outcomes of the most influential nations.

ch. 1. Overview -- ch. 2. Production network trade of ASEAN in the context of China's rise -- ch. 3. Trade facilitation in ASEAN+6 economies : provisions in FTAs, performance and the way forward -- ch. 4. FDI liberalisation, free trade agreements and greater regionalism in Asia and ASEAN -- ch. 5. Services in ASEAN+1 FTAs -- ch. 6. Pursuing a consolidated tariff structure in the RCEP : sensitivity and inconsistency in ASEAN's trade protection -- ch. 7. Rules of origin in ASEAN+1 free trade agreements and the supply chain in East Asia -- ch. 8. ASEAN+1 FTAs and the global supply chain in East Asia : the case of the Philippine automotive and electronics sectors -- ch. 9. FTAs and supply chains in the Thai automotive industry -- ch. 10. The electronics industry in Malaysia -- ch. 11. The electronics industry in Indonesia -- ch. 12. Regulatory restrictions in logistics services of ASEAN+6 economies -- ch. 13. The nature of relationships within supply networks and their role in the delivery of services in East Asian emerging markets.

Cover -- The African Continental Free Trade Agreement: Welfare Gains Estimates from a General Equilibrium Model -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. KEY ELEMENTS OF THE AFCFTA -- 3. THE CURRENT STATE OF TRADE IN AFRICA -- 4. A MODEL FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF THE AFCFTA -- 5. DATA AND CALIBRATION -- 6. SIMULATION RESULTS -- 7. RELATION TO OTHER STUDIES -- 8. CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES.

The report provides a comprehensive review of all existing trade agreements that include social provisions and discusses impacts for enterprises and workers.It also helps assess the challenges for arising from the multiplication of trade agreements that include different social provisions.