Digital Trade in Free Trade Agreements
In: Forthcoming in Encyclopedia of International Economic Law, 2nd ed., edited by Krista Nadakavukaren Schefer and Thomas Cottier (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2023)
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In: Forthcoming in Encyclopedia of International Economic Law, 2nd ed., edited by Krista Nadakavukaren Schefer and Thomas Cottier (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2023)
SSRN
In: East Asian Economic Review, Band 22
SSRN
Working paper
In: International legal materials: current documents, Band 36, Heft 5, S. 1067
ISSN: 0020-7829
SSRN
Working paper
In: The Chinese journal of international politics, Band 9, Heft 3, S. 277-305
ISSN: 1750-8916
World Affairs Online
In: The Department of State bulletin: the official weekly record of United States Foreign Policy, Band 89, S. 1-16
ISSN: 0041-7610
In: The Canadian journal of economics: the journal of the Canadian Economics Association = Revue canadienne d'économique, Band 54, Heft 1, S. 284-310
ISSN: 1540-5982
AbstractAlmost all participants in free trade agreements (FTAs) exclude at least a few products or sectors from complete tariff removal on the exports of their FTA partners. The positive tariffs that remain within an FTA are often the highest tariffs that the countries apply on an MFN basis. It seems plausible that such exclusions may be chosen because the domestic producers of these products are viewed as especially vulnerable to competition from imports from the partner country. In brief, they are especially "sensitive sectors." We develop this idea theoretically and then test it empirically on data from 37 countries in 240 importer–exporter pairs within FTAs. We find support for the sensitive‐sector hypothesis only in the high‐income countries. We find that low‐income countries, in contrast, exempt sectors where bilateral tariff removal would be more likely trade‐diverting and therefore harmful. Our explanation for this, supported empirically, is not that they are following the advice of trade economists, but rather that they are avoiding loss of tariff revenue and may also perhaps be influenced by the greater bargaining power of richer and/or larger partners in their FTAs.
In: The Washington quarterly, Band 35, Heft 4, S. 107-119
ISSN: 0163-660X, 0147-1465
World Affairs Online
In: American journal of international law: AJIL, Band 98, Heft 4, S. 835-836
ISSN: 2161-7953
In: American journal of international law: AJIL, Band 98, Heft 4, S. 835-835
ISSN: 2161-7953
In: American journal of international law: AJIL, Band 98, Heft 2, S. 352-352
ISSN: 2161-7953
In: American journal of international law: AJIL, Band 97, Heft 3, S. 699-700
ISSN: 2161-7953
In: American journal of international law: AJIL, Band 97, Heft 3, S. 696-699
ISSN: 2161-7953
In: American journal of international law: AJIL, Band 95, Heft 3, S. 643-644
ISSN: 2161-7953
In: International legal materials: current documents, Band 36, Heft 5, S. 1079-1192
ISSN: 0020-7829
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World Affairs Online