Suchergebnisse

This paper evaluates and assesses hydropolitical conflict and maps the interface currently developing between water scarcity and political crisis and conflict. It discusses the politics of conflict over water in a manner that highlights several key components that represent the underpinnings of a model for studying international conflict over freshwater resources. To this end, the paper itself is presented in two sections. Part one is a discussion of the political ramifications that stem from the scientific characteristics of freshwater in order to understand the linkages between freshwater and political behaviour and international conflict. Part two then advances a foundational construct for a general hydropolitical conflict model that can be used to evaluate and test the basic assumptions of the hydro-conflict nexus.

There is a general lack of understanding of the role of lipids in aquatic ecosystems. The fundamental purpose of this book is to synthesize the divergent literature on aquatic lipids into a coordinated, digestible form. A large part of the book addresses lipid composition and production in freshwater organisms, with chapters on phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic invertebrates. A common theme throughout the book is the function of lipids in aquatic food webs, with a chapter devoted exclusively to lipids as indicators of health in fish populations. A complementary chapter highlights the role of lipids and essential fatty acids in mariculture. Methodologies to determine the lipid content of aquatic samples and suggestions as to the utility of fatty acids as trophic markers are provided. There is a chapter on the role of lipids in the bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of toxicants and another on the relationships between lipids and surface films and foams. The final chapter highlights the similarities and differences between lipids of marine and freshwater origin. Students and researchers in ecology, phycology, aquatic toxicology, physiological ecology and limnology will find this an invaluable guide and reference

International audience ; This chapter explores the links between drought governance and the vulnerability of freshwater for drinking water supply, with a focus on drought adaptation. The public awareness of drought and water scarcity risks in such a flood-prone region is still low. However, the fact that fresh water availability for drinking water supply is threatened not only by a decrease in water availability, related to climate variability and climate change, but also due to the increase in water demand, related to population and economic growth, this issue can potentially motivate the introduction of drought and water scarcity risks into the public and political agenda. Even if the northwestern European countries in this study have similar climatic settings, other aspects of their contexts can be quite contrasting in each pilot case. Depending on where the freshwater reservoir is placed, upstream or downstream within the catchment, different levels and scales are mobilized to tackle water management challenges. The priority hierarchy of water uses in case of drought can also be surprisingly different in neighboring countries. Even if some actions, as the expansion of spatial water networks connectivity, have started to improve the robustness of drinking water systems, the solutions that require a paradigm shift to a most systemic strategy including water demand control remain out of the agenda and could greatly improve the resilience of the region to drought and water scarcity risk.

International audience ; This chapter explores the links between drought governance and the vulnerability of freshwater for drinking water supply, with a focus on drought adaptation. The public awareness of drought and water scarcity risks in such a flood-prone region is still low. However, the fact that fresh water availability for drinking water supply is threatened not only by a decrease in water availability, related to climate variability and climate change, but also due to the increase in water demand, related to population and economic growth, this issue can potentially motivate the introduction of drought and water scarcity risks into the public and political agenda. Even if the northwestern European countries in this study have similar climatic settings, other aspects of their contexts can be quite contrasting in each pilot case. Depending on where the freshwater reservoir is placed, upstream or downstream within the catchment, different levels and scales are mobilized to tackle water management challenges. The priority hierarchy of water uses in case of drought can also be surprisingly different in neighboring countries. Even if some actions, as the expansion of spatial water networks connectivity, have started to improve the robustness of drinking water systems, the solutions that require a paradigm shift to a most systemic strategy including water demand control remain out of the agenda and could greatly improve the resilience of the region to drought and water scarcity risk.

This book is about freshwater fish in streams, lakes, reservoirs, and special habitats around the world. It addresses approximately twenty major topics in freshwater fish ecology in a format suitable for use in graduate-level courses. The book focuses on basic ecology and contains much data from fisheries ecology. Dr. Matthews explains the way in which empirical studies, theoretical concepts, and experimental evaluations blend into the current state-of-the-art with respect to each major topic, and provides original data and interpretations on some points as well as new syntheses. Each chapter contains empirical information, a synthesis, and a summary

One singularity of northwestern Europe (NWE) is that severe droughts are rare events in the region and water scarcity has hardly been experienced in its history. The DROP pilot sites are not exceptions to this context. Although the lack of a drought history in wet areas can explain why drought and water scarcity are not necessarily the focus of (if ever considered in) river basin management plans, it must be noted that freshwater availability for drinking water provision remains a priority stake in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Providing a reliable and safe supply of drinking water may thus be a leading entryway to the development of drought risk awareness and drought adaptation measures in a river basin. When such essential resource is threatened and the competition for water among users increases, there is a good chance that reflections and changes will be triggered. Water use conflicts and drinking water supply threats may arise due to increased water demand, but also due to decreased water availability. The later may occur because of natural climate variability, i.e., drier years than average, or as the result of the impact of climate change on local water resources. Climate change awareness is then an important asset to manage water availability. Where climate change awareness is low and adaptation measures are basically inexistent, social and political responses to drought adaptation may be slow and inefficient. However, even in those cases where climate change awareness is still low in general society, water authorities and other stakeholders are conscious that water demand tends to intensify with population and economic growth, rendering water scarcity conceivable and even foreseeable. Freshwater availability for drinking water supply is therefore an issue that can motivate the introduction of drought and water scarcity risks into the political and public agenda , even in " drought-scarce " regions. This chapter highlights the links between drought governance and the vulnerability of ...

One singularity of northwestern Europe (NWE) is that severe droughts are rare events in the region and water scarcity has hardly been experienced in its history. The DROP pilot sites are not exceptions to this context. Although the lack of a drought history in wet areas can explain why drought and water scarcity are not necessarily the focus of (if ever considered in) river basin management plans, it must be noted that freshwater availability for drinking water provision remains a priority stake in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Providing a reliable and safe supply of drinking water may thus be a leading entryway to the development of drought risk awareness and drought adaptation measures in a river basin. When such essential resource is threatened and the competition for water among users increases, there is a good chance that reflections and changes will be triggered. Water use conflicts and drinking water supply threats may arise due to increased water demand, but also due to decreased water availability. The later may occur because of natural climate variability, i.e., drier years than average, or as the result of the impact of climate change on local water resources. Climate change awareness is then an important asset to manage water availability. Where climate change awareness is low and adaptation measures are basically inexistent, social and political responses to drought adaptation may be slow and inefficient. However, even in those cases where climate change awareness is still low in general society, water authorities and other stakeholders are conscious that water demand tends to intensify with population and economic growth, rendering water scarcity conceivable and even foreseeable. Freshwater availability for drinking water supply is therefore an issue that can motivate the introduction of drought and water scarcity risks into the political and public agenda , even in " drought-scarce " regions. This chapter highlights the links between drought governance and the vulnerability of ...

environmental management; marine; freshwater sciences

environmental management; marine; freshwater sciences

What is ecological science? -- How does scale of measurement affect what we see? -- Wonderful water: linkages from the atom to the biosphere -- What's in a lake? -- What's in rivers and streams? -- Fundamental ecological questions -- How are population numbers and structure affected by dispersal? -- Why do organisms occupy particular habitats? -- How do freshwater communities recover from disturbance? -- What is the impact of predators in freshwater systems? -- Applied freshwater ecology -- What are the ecological effects of changing a water regime? -- How do we assess the impact of pollution? -- Can we fix smelly, green lakes? -- What is the impact of introduced species?.

Intro -- FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS AND AQUACULTURE RESEARCH -- FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS AND AQUACULTURE RESEARCH -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- PRODUCTION FRESH WATER FISH WITH UNCONVENTIONAL INGREDIENTS IN EGYPT -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Problems Associated with Unconventional Feedstuffs Formulation Problems -- A. Commercialized Sources, which Divided into -- B. Not Commercialized Sources as Single Cell, Protein Grasses, Leaf Protein, Yeast and Phytoplankton -- World Production from Aquaculture -- I. Unconventional Ingredients for Tilapia Feed -- 1. Soybean Meal (SBM) -- A. Production of Fingerlings from Nile Tilapia -- B. Production of Marketing Fish from Nile Tilapia -- 2. Cotton Seed Meal (CSM) -- 3. Sunflower Meal -- 4. Linseed Meal -- 5. Krill -- 6. Poultry-Products and Feather Meal -- 7. Fish By-Product Protein Concentrates -- 8. Brewers Dried Yeast (BDY) -- 9. Broad Bean Meal -- Feed Intake, Growth Performance and Feed Utilization -- Apparent Digestibility Coefficients -- 10. Plant Protein Mixture (PPM) -- 11. Yucca Schidigera -- Common Carp -- Physiology -- Habitat -- Diet -- Reproduction -- II. Unconventional Ingredients for Common Carp -- A. Cluster Bean Cyamposis Tetagonoloba -- 2. Evaluation of Linseed Meal as a Dietary Protein Source for Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio L -- References -- NATURAL RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCESAND ECOSYSTEMS IN SUDAN -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Geography, Population and Climate -- 3. Economy, Agriculture and Food Security -- 4. Water Resources and Use -- 4.1. Water Resources -- 4.2. Water Use -- 5. International Water Issues -- 5.1. Water Management, Policies and Legislation Related to Water Use -- 5.1.1. Institutions -- 5.1.2. Water Management -- 5.1.3. Policies and Legislation -- 5.1.4. Finances -- 6. Irrigation and Drainage Development -- 6.1. Evolution of Irrigation Development.