Suchergebnisse

For the past two decades, the standard recipe to promote long-term peace in war-torn coun-tries was to create western-type state-structures. The success-rate of this model has been modest at best. Rather than new western-type states, we have witnessed the emergence of hybrid regimes in which external actors often remain engaged in the long-run. This disserta-tion makes the case to treat these new forms of hybrid regimes not as incomplete statebuild-ing processes, but rather as specific types of political regimes (post-conflict polities). Based on a qualitative review of 19 post-conflict countries, it differentiates between six types of post-conflict polities ( Let s Share polities, Doomed to Share polities, Let the Winner Take it All polities, The Winner Took it All polities, You Stay Out polities and Benevolent Intru-sion polities). In ten empirical case-studies, the different polity-types are characterized in detail.

In the late eighteenth century, Swedish ships frequently sailed in the Western Mediterranean. They could be found in Marseilles, Livorno, Genoa, Alicante, Sicily, Sardinia, and North Africa, as well as in Cadiz and Lisbon outside the Mediterranean. Indeed, the Mediterranean was an area of great importance for Swedish shipping. How was it possible that Sweden - a small country in northern periphery of Europe - could play such a prominent role in carrying trade in Southern Europe? There are a number of plausible explanations but an especially significant factor was the fact that Sweden had peace treaties with North African states. The treaties improved the security of Swedish-flagged vessels, reducing their protection and operation costs, insurance premiums, etc. It was economically reasonable for foreigners to employ Swedish carriers. The topic of this essay is this connection between the establishment of peace relations between Sweden and North African states and the success of the Swedish carrying business in Southern Europe. The issue is approached from the protection-cost perspective (institutional economics) and related to the different concepts of security: state security, economic security and in a certain sense also human security.