Suchergebnisse

Alfred Fried, the founder of this journal, received the Nobel Peace Prize together with the Dutchman Tobias Asser in 1911. One century later, this article demonstrates how substantial Fried's contribution was for the approach of transforming the state of international anarchy into an international system of common security organised along legal principles. Law, according to Fried, essentially arises from the conversion of violence -- a guiding idea still today. One central element in Fried's conception of international law was the transition period, which shall lead to a state of peace as the legal order, and which he contrasts with a mere "pause between two wars", i.e. an interwar period which constitutes a state of "latent war". Adapted from the source document.

Giving national parliaments a say in the deployment of military forces can increase the democratic legitimacy of these deployments. But, depending on how the rules are designed, it may also jeopardize their military efficiency. This paper examines how democracies around the globe deal with this challenge in their deployment rules. Using a new data set on deployment rules comprising 49 democracies worldwide from 1989 to 2004, we demonstrate how diverse these rules are. Overall, it becomes evident that there is no trend towards a parliamentarisation of deployment rules after 1989. Rather, deployment rules appear to become increasingly differentiated. In this process, parliaments tend to lose rather than to win opportunities to co-decide over military deployments. Adapted from the source document.