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The logic of fuzzy sets derived from the mathematical theory developed by Zadeh (1965) has not only influenced the development of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA), but has also found entry into poverty research. The aim of this paper is to point the reader to these parallel developments. Poverty researchers necessarily have to make two methodological choices which are always contestable: the identification of a poverty line or threshold, the identification problem, and the choice of a unit of analysis as well as of a measure, the aggregation problem. Current theoretical and practical contributions to poverty research have pointed to the vagueness of the concept itself and the complexity of its measurement and have made use of fuzzy set logic to address these challenges. As shall be argued, fuzzy set theory provides a solution or at least a less arbitrary way forward to address these problems and is particularly suitable for the analysis of multidimensional poverty. Using unique household level data from two villages of Andhra Pradesh, India from 2007, the paper provides an illustrative example of what steps to take to derive a multidimensional poverty index based on fuzzy set theory and discusses the distinct advantages such a procedure offers for policy analysis and evaluation purposes.

Actuaries working in claims reserving are often faced, among others, with the following two tasks: the prediction of future outstanding loss liabilities, as well as the quantification of their risk. Within claims reserving there exist various methods in which vagueness and subjective judgement is often not considered. A formal approach is given e.g. by fuzzy set theory. Besides an overview of applications of fuzzy set theory in claims reserving the author presents three ways of how subjective assessment can be implemented in the chain-ladder as well as the Bornhuetter Ferguson method.

AbstractDer Artikel untersucht die Frage, welche Faktoren die Ausgaben der 26 Schweizer Kantone beeinflussen. Während die Frage bereits mehrfach mit statistischen Ansätzen untersucht wurde, hat die vorliegende Studie einen alternativen Fokus, indem sie eine konfigurative Perspektive einnimmt. Ausgangspunkt sind die Ergebnisse der Studie von Vatter und Freitag von 2002, welche mit aktualisierten Daten der Jahre 2000 bis 2006 in einer Fuzzy Set QCA auf ihre kombinierte Wirkungsweise hin untersucht werden. Die Resultate streichen die zentrale Bedeutung von Transferzahlungen hervor und stützen so die These des Flypaper Effect aus der ökonomischen Theorie.

Convexity is a deeply studied concept since it is very useful in many fields of mathematics, like optimization. When we deal with imprecision, the convexity is required as well and some important applications can be found fuzzy optimization, in particular convexity of fuzzy sets. In this paper we have extended the notion of convexity for interval-valued fuzzy sets in order to be able to cover some wider area of imprecision. We show some of its interesting properties, and study the preservation under the intersection and the cutworthy property. Finally, we applied convexity to decision-making problems. ; Slovak grant agency VEGAVedecka grantova agentura MSVVaS SR a SAV (VEGA) [1/0150/21]; Spanish Ministry of Science and TechnologySpanish Government [TIN-201787600-P, PGC2018-098623-B-I00]; FICYT [IDI/2018/000176] ; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, MICYT: PGC2018-098623-B-I00, TIN-2017-87600-P; Fundación para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigación Científica Aplicada y la Tecnología, FICYT: IDI/2018/000176

The threat evaluation is significant component in target classification process and is significant in military and non military applications. Small errors or mistakes in threat evaluation and target classification especial in military applications can result in huge damage of life and property. Threat evaluation helps in case of weapon assignment, and intelligence sensor support system. It is very important factor to analyze the behavior of enemy tactics as well as our surveillance. This paper represented a precise description of the threat evaluation process using fuzzy sets theory. A review has been carried out regarding which parameters that have been suggested for threat value calculation. For the first time in this paper, eleven parameters are introduced for threat evaluation so that this parameters increase the accuracy in designed system. The implemented threat evaluation system has been applied to a synthetic air defense scenario and four real time dynamic air defense scenarios. The simulation results show the correctness, accuracy, reliability and minimum errors in designing of threat evaluation system