No dia 6 de julho de 2015 a presidente Dilma Rousseff sancinou a lei que cria o Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência. Com o objetivo de assegurar os direitos das pessoas com deficiência e dar autonomia para todos, inclusive no que diz respeito ao acesso à informação, comunicação e cultura, a lei busca corrigir o descumprimento de outras leis de acessibilidade, como o decreto de 2 de dezembro de 2004, que já previa que sites de grandes grupos de comunicação deveriam ser acessíveis a todos. Assim, baseados nos estudos de Corradi (2011) e Belarmino (2014) sobre comunicação e acessibilidade, e no conceito de cibercultura de Lévy (1999), é feita a análise de como alguns dos principais portais de notícias do Brasil não conseguem suprir o abismo informacional, atitudinal e tecnológico existente entre as condições de acessibilidade necessárias e o que é disponibilizado no contexto online pelos portais.
This paper aims to present new perspectives for the understanding on multidimensional poverty in northern Brazil in the years 2006-2013, in order to assist the government in developing policies focused on fighting poverty and advancing the development process. The study used a methodology built by Bourguignon and Chakravarty (2003), which presents an alternative way of measuring the multidimensionality of poverty. The data was collected from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) and the results of six dimensions analyzed revealed a reduction in the proportion of multidimensional poor of the northern population, from 30.71% in 2006 to 25.79% in 2013. As for isolated analysis of metropolitan regions in urban and rural areas, it was found that poverty was more intense in rural areas. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar nuevas perspectivas para la comprensión de la pobreza multidimensional en el norte de Brasil, en los años 2006-13, con el fin de ayudar al gobierno en el desarrollo de políticas centradas en la lucha contra la pobreza y la aceleración del proceso de desarrollo. Se utilizó una metodología construida por Bourguignon y Chakravarty (2003), que presenta una forma alternativa de medir la multidimensionalidad de la pobreza. Construido a partir de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares por Muestreo (Pnad), los resultados de las seis dimensiones analizadas revelaron una reducción en la proporción de pobres multidimensionales de la población del norte, 30,71% en 2006 a 25,79% en 2013. Para el análisis aislado de las regiones metropolitanas, urbanas y rurales, se encontró que la pobreza es más intensa en el campo. ; O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar novas perspectivas para a compreensão da pobreza multidimensional na região Norte do Brasil nos anos de 2006 a 2013, com a finalidade de auxiliar a administração pública no desenvolvimento de políticas focadas no combate à pobreza e na aceleração do processo de desenvolvimento. Foi utilizada uma metodologia construída por Bourguignon e Chakravarty (2003), que apresenta uma forma alternativa de medir a multidimensionalidade da pobreza. Por meio de dados construídos da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (Pnad), os resultados das seis dimensões analisadas revelaram uma redução da proporção de pobres multidimensionais da população nortista, de 30,71% em 2006, para 25,79% em 2013. Para as análises isoladas das regiões metropolitana, urbana e rural, verificou-se que a pobreza foi mais intensa na região rural.
This paper aims to analyze the gender gap in Brazilian states and the actions of stakeholders of the National Council for Women's Rights (NCWR). Two research was conducted in two steps. In the first step, a gender gap index in Brazilian states was calculated based on the Global Gender Gap Report (GGGR) methodology, prepared by the World Economic Forum. In the second, the NCWR stakeholders were mapped, and their performance was analyzed, considering the gender gap indexes obtained in the first step and the theoretical framework supported by stakeholder analysis models. The political and economic dimensions presented the worst performance. The Brazilian states with the best general indexes were Amapá, Distrito Federal, and Maranhão, and the worst were Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, and Paraná. On the other hand, NCWR stakeholders acting in public policies related to the economic and political dimensions do not seem to have great relevance and influence capacity. Evidence indicates a concentration of policy efforts in areas where the country has good GGGR indicators (health and education). ; El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la brecha de género en las unidades federativas brasileñas y las acciones de los stakeholders del Consejo Nacional para los Derechos de la Mujer (CNDM). Con este fin, se realizaron dos etapas de investigación. La primera se basa en el cálculo de un índice sobre la brecha de género en los estados brasileños a partir de la metodología aplicada en el Global Gender Gap Report (GGGR), preparado por el Foro Económico Mundial. En la segunda etapa, se mapeareon los stakeholders del CNDM y se analizó su desempeño en vista de las brechas destacadas en la primera fase del estudio, a la luz del marco teórico respaldado por los modelos de análisis de stakeholders. En Brasil, las dimensiones de peor desempeño fueron la política y la económica, las unidades federativas que obtuvieron los mejores índices generales fueron Amapá, Distrito Federal y Maranhão, y las peores fueron Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais y Paraná. Por otro lado, los stakeholders del CNDM que actúan en políticas públicas relacionadas con las dimensiones económica y política no parecen tener gran relevancia e influencia. La evidencia indica que hay una concentración de esfuerzos en políticas en áreas donde el país tiene buenos indicadores de GGGR (salud y educación). ; O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a desigualdade entre homens e mulheres nas unidades federativas brasileiras e a atuação dos stakeholders do Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Mulher (CNDM). Para tal, realizaram-se duas etapas de pesquisa. A primeira é baseada no cálculo de um índice sobre a disparidade entre gêneros nos estados brasileiros a partir da metodologia aplicada no Global Gender Gap Report (GGGR), elaborado pelo Fórum Econômico Mundial. Na segunda, foram mapeados os stakeholders do CNDM e analisada sua atuação diante das lacunas enfatizadas na primeira fase do estudo, à luz de referencial teórico amparado em modelos de análise de stakeholders. No Brasil, as dimensões que apresentaram o pior desempenho foram a política e a econômica, sendo as unidades federativas que obtiveram os melhores índices gerais Amapá, Distrito Federal e Maranhão, e os piores, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Por outro lado, os stakeholders do CNDM que atuam nas políticas públicas ligadas às dimensões econômica e política parecem não ter grande relevância e capacidade de influência. As evidências indicam que existe concentração de esforços em políticas nas áreas em que o país apresenta bons indicadores no GGGR, como saúde e educação.
Como uma forma de reduzir a assimetria informacional e garantir confiabilidade e fidedignidade às informações contábeis, a auditoria ganhou notoriedade. Contudo, há certa discordância na literatura sobre suas funções e responsabilidades, essa discordância advém especialmente da função exercida e o que é esperadao pela sociedade. Diante disso, essa pesquisa objetiva analisar a percepção do público quanto ao papel da auditoria externa. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva e quanti-quali ao analisar informações coletadas através de 501.533 tweets publicados entre 2007 e 2020 que continham a palavra "auditoria" por usuários cujo idioma do perfil é o português. Os resultados obtidos, apesar de não identificarem nitidamente o fenômeno de Audit Expectation Gap, sugerem que a maioria dos usuários que "twetam" sobre a auditoria, o fazem discutindo a auditoria em relação aos recursos públicos e aspectos de cunho político, esse resultado reforça a falta de entendimento das reais funções exercidas pela auditoria. Este estudo contribui ao explorar o conceito de Audit Expectation Gap no contexto brasileiro, fornecendo evidências sobre as expectativas geradas pela opinião pública acerca da profissão de auditoria no ambiente das mídias sociais, onde os comentários são gerados de forma espontânea pelos usuários. ; As a way to reduce informational asymmetry and ensure reliability and reliability of accounting information, auditing gained notoriety. However, there is some disagreement in the literature about their roles and responsibilities, this disagreement comes especially from the function performed and what is expected by society. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the perception of the role of external audit based on the confrontation of the concepts of accounting standards and public opinion. This research is characterized as descriptive and quanti-quali when analyzing information collected through 501,533 tweets published between 2007 and 2020 that contained the word "audit" by users whose profile language is Portuguese. The results obtained, despite not clearly identifying the phenomenon of Audit Expectation Gap, suggest that most users who tweet about the audit do so by discussing the audit in relation to public resources and aspects of a political nature. it reinforces the lack of understanding of the real functions performed by the audit. This study contributes by exploring the concept of Audit Expectation Gap in the Brazilian context, providing evidence about the expectations generated by public opinion about the auditing profession in the social media environment, where comments are generated spontaneously by users.
Regarding the transformations that 9/11 required, this article examines the European Union's gaps concerning the security policy. After enunciates the evolution of the EU strategies and the main tools used against terrorism, the article concludes on the existence of a gap between capacity and expectations. Adapted from the source document.
Ministries are government structures that are located at the intersection between cycles of public policies, political party relations and the organizational design of direct public administration. Despite their relevance, the trajectory of the ministries over time is poorly understood, with an explanatory gap persisting as to the factors that lead to the creation, stability, transformation and extinction of these structures. Faced with this gap, this Discussion Paper sought to address the following central question: is there an underlying pattern to the trajectory of ministerial structures in different countries? To this end, a comparative analysis of the trajectories of ministries pertaining to 21 countries over a period of thirty years (1990-2020) was undertaken, with the aim of capturing convergent and divergent dynamics in view of the political systems of the countries studied and the thematic areas of the ministries. Preliminary findings indicate that ministries are strongly prone to stability regardless of the political system of the country in question, while changes in competence are the most frequent category of transformation. In addition, the longest running ministries are those with thematic areas related to the structuring activities of the State, such as justice and foreign affairs
This text aims to demonstrate argumentative elements presented by Kant in his final work: Opus Postumum, which proved Kant's attempt to develop a deduction, but to demonstrate that demonstrating deduction under development in Opus articulates elements that approach the transcendental deduction of 1781. Thus, we have proof that Opus has an assessment of part of the transcendental deduction set out in the first edition of the Critique, or that it includes a new way of discovering this assessment by Kant, seeking the gap conclusion he considered closing his case. system.
The linkage between the Portuguese economy & the 2007 international crisis -- which has been named as Great Depression -- is not clear. The major problem of the Portuguese economy is not born in recent years, since the beginning of the 21st century that we assist to the lower development rates, which has contributing to deepener the gap with the developed countries. In this article we will examine the outcomes of the Portuguese economy evolution that extrapolate the economic sphere, reaching the European Union project & the Portuguese insertion on it. Adapted from the source document.
This work analyzes the political constraints of pension reform in Argentina. The first part presents a brief description of the development of pension programs in Latin America. Additionally, it also discusses the pension system crisis and the main proposals in order to overcome this crisis. The second part examines the peculiarities of the Argentine pension reform, with specific attention on economic imperatives and political constraints which have shaped the pension reform project of Menem's Government (1989-1999). The article demonstrates that there are a large gap between the new system promises and its outcomes. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)
Any Psychology scholar would recognize the extent of existing tensions between Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry. At the same time, the historical perspective shows us interconnections and mutual influences in the theoretical, practical, institutional and political planes between these disciplines. In the case of São Paulo, Antônio Carlos Pacheco e Silva (1898-1988) influenced generations of psychiatrists graduated in Psychiatry schools that he directed between 1923–1968. His history has been studied from different perspectives, with a gap on his stance with regard to Psychoanalysis. This article aims to review this historical gap, being based on the analysis of the psychiatrist's own papers about Psychoanalysis. We seek to contribute to the understanding of the history of the Psychology field in São Paulo. ; Qualquer estudioso da história do campo psi reconhece a dimensão das tensões existentes entre psicanálise e psiquiatria. Ao mesmo tempo, a perspectiva histórica nos mostra interligações e influências mútuas nos planos teóricos, práticos, institucionais e políticos entre essas disciplinas. No caso paulista, Antônio Carlos Pacheco e Silva (1898-1988) influenciou gerações de psiquiatras formadas nas escolas de psiquiatria que chefiou entre 1923-1968. Sua história tem sido estudada sob diferentes perspectivas, havendo uma lacuna sobre sua posição com relação à psicanálise. Este artigo procura rever essa lacuna histórica, baseando-se na análise dos documentos do próprio psiquiatra sobre a psicanálise, que demonstram objetivamente sua posição. Pretendemos, com isso, contribuir para a compreensão da história do campo psi em São Paulo.
Political & diplomatic Relations between Portugal & France in the 20th century have seldom been approached by Portuguese historiography. The present article seeks to fill this gap for the period between 1958 & 1968. During the 1960's, Portugal fought two hard battles. One was in Africa, against the nationalist movements. The other, at the UN, was fought against the barrage of criticism & condemnation coming from the Afro-Asian group against the colonial policies of Salazar's New State. As it happened, France managed to support the Portuguese regime, helping it avoid its utmost international isolation & upholding its war effort in Africa. Adapted from the source document.
Brazilian government's economic plan named "Plano Real" affected the tradable and non-tradable sectors labor market in different ways. The exchange policy and the free-market oriented process adopted provoked changes in relative prices in favour of the non-tradable sector. This article looks at the increasing of the labor force in this sector and the reduction of the gap between tradable and non-tradable sector income. Furthermore, it demonstrates the improving in labor force poverty indicators, especially those related to the informal sector. The article is based on data from PME-IBGE, metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, 1994, 1995 and 1996. (Rev Econ Polit/DÜI)
This article aims to uncover part of Kenneth Waltz forgotten legacy. By asking why the Professor of Columbia University disregarded "democracy" as an important variable to understand relations among states it recovers a book from 1967 -- Foreign Policy and Democratic Politics: the American and British Experience -- where Waltz argues that there are more similarities than differences between liberal and autocratic states. Re-reading this book also allows bridging the gap between Waltz's most famous works (Man, the State and War and Theory of International Politics) contributing to the understanding of the academic path of one of the most brilliant scholars of the 20th century. Adapted from the source document.
Conceptual overview that places the importance of knowledge as an element of reality school for institutional reorganization and evaluation as a subsidy for this reflection and action for reorganization. Located public policies in different contexts highlighting the practice as the locus of insubordination bureaucratic processes which emerge in a counter-regulation to the extent that articulate the efforts of different actors of the educational scene. It is organized into captions highlighting the social quality of education as a concept discussed synthesis including the different dimensions of quality and contained in the negotiated quality. Finally discusses how the indicators of age-grade gap instigate the search for a higher quality social education.
Although its visibility was greatly enhanced by the 9/l1 attacks, the EU cooperation in the field of counterterrorism began in the 1970s. Then, as now, the rhetoric was much inflated & there was a marked gap between the politicians' rhetoric & the adoption of effective measures. The first section of this article traces the evolution of the European counter-terrorist cooperation & tries to assess the motives, as well as the limitations, behind the main initiatives. The second part examines the balance between the demands of the counter-terrorist efforts & the preservation of human rights & the rule of law. This is an issue whose relevance has become evident not only in domestic terms, but also in the field of the EU external relations. The EU policy towards the Mediterranean Arab states will help to illustrate these dilemmas. Adapted from the source document.
