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Background to and social impact of the 1989 legalization of same-sex marriages in Denmark.

In a recent review essay, J. Daniel Elam charts the emergence of "gay world literary fiction," a subgenre of the category "world literature," which over the last twenty years or so has become both a marketing strategy for publishers and a "disciplinary rallying point of literary criticism and the academic humanities."[i] While Elam's essay is implicitly underpinned by the usual disciplinary understanding of world literature (fiction from potentially anywhere in the globe, translated into English, and studied comparatively), its focus is narrowed to the "gay world" within the planetary world—a putatively homogenous, transnational gay subculture enabled by digital connectivity and the flows of global capital. This new gay world is, according to Elam, characterized by atomization: "From Sofia to Shanghai, authors of gay fiction describe a collection of scattered and isolated individuals, needy but incurious." The situation has emerged from the "curious paradox" that "visibility and acceptance" have "made life better" for many gay men "at the cost of community and identity." "Gay visibility, with its attendant politics of respectability" has occurred at the expense of older subcultural institutions like "the gay bar, the bathhouse, the piano bar, and cruising areas," rendering the gay community "a banally knowable object rather than the product of a passionately forged experience of self-making. In place of the urgent longings of 20th-century queer literature, one encounters a peculiar form of worldly, muted yearning. So-called gay world literature emerges from a global community that isn't a community at all."

[i] J. Daniel Elam, "The World of Gay Lit," Public Books (16 October 2017). Web. Accessed 1 March, 2018. "Disciplinary rallying point": Emily Apter, Against World Literature: On the Politics of Untranslatability (London: Verso, 2013), 1. For a discussion of the interrelations between "world literature" as the marketization of cultural differences and as a field of scholarly enquiry, see Simon During, Exit Capitalism: Literary Culture, Theory and Post-Secular Modernity (New York: Routledge, 2009), 57–58.

THE GAY COMMUNITY IN SAN FRANCISCO AND ITS POLITICS HAVE BEEN A LONG TIME IN THE MAKING. SURVEYING ITS HISTORY CAN TELL US MUCH NOT JUST ABOUT ONE CITY, BUT ABOUT THE EMERGENCE OF SEXUAL MINORITIES GENERALLY, ABOUT SHIFTING FORMS OF OPPRESSION AND CHANGING POLITICAL STRATEGIES.

AbstractThe article provides an overview of gay identity politics today. It begins with an introduction to the historical trajectory of the post-1945 period, and then turns to the challenges posed by queer politics and theory to gay identity politics. The related issue of the globalization of being gay is then considered, in terms of the universalizing of identity politics. Finally, the ramifications for gay identity politics of the political and legal recognition of same-sex relationships are discussed, leading to the obvious final question: whether being gay will continue to have a political logic in the years ahead.

The gay bar is the centre of social life for many homosexuals. Since drinking problems are reported to be greater among the homosexual population than the general public, a description of the gay bars is provided as a possible starting point for studying the problem. Using the available literature, an international and a North American gay bar guide, and ten years participant observation, we describe the bars and the drinking and other behaviours of their clientele.

RESUMO
O reconhecimento jurídico das uniões estáveis entre casais do mesmo sexo, pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no dia 05 de maio de 2011, que pode ser considerada uma importante conquista para o movimento LGBT no Brasil, nos despertou o interesse acadêmico de compreender como as relações homoafetivas masculinas organizam a divisão sexual do trabalho.Buscaremos, então, analisar de que forma os casais homossexuais masculinos dividem as tarefas domésticas. Dessa forma, busco refletir sobre as experiências dos sujeitos homossexuais que vivenciam uma relação estável, o que permitirá identificar a maneira como pesam e estruturam suas vidas conjugais. Em que medida há uma interface com o modelo heteronormativo ou uma ruptura no que se refere a divisão das tarefas domésticas? Que estratégias esses casais utilizam para romper ou reformular a divisão sexual do trabalho clássica? Caso exista reprodução quais as experiências sociais que os levam a reproduzir esse modelo normativo? Para isso, realizamos entrevistas com casais homossexuais. As informações fornecidas pelos entrevistados são analisadas com base na teoria de autores como Pierre Bourdieu, Daniel Welzer-Lang, Elisabeth Badinter, Daniel Borrilo, dentre outros.
PALAVRAS CHAVE:Cidadania. Homossexualidade. União Homoafetiva. Divisão Sexual do Trabalho.