Suchergebnisse

Siberian Khanty (Ostiak) menstrual taboos and related rituals of birth, naming, and marriage are analyzed, in order to explore cross‐cultural theories of menstrual restriction, gender stratification, and female conservatism. Emphasis is placed on Mary Douglas's idea that conflicting norms of male dominance and female independence can encourage pollution beliefs. The importance of ancestresses, female shamans, and postmenopausal women in Khanty ritual indicates that there is no male monopoly on concepts of culture, power, the sacred and the "public." Khanty ideas about women, changing with Russian influence, are discussed in terms of slowly shifting definitions of "self and ethnicity. Data result from 13 months in the Soviet Union, including a summer ethnographic expedition to the Northern Ob River. [symbolic anthropology, pollution beliefs, gender stratification, ethnicity, Siberian Khanty (Ostiak)]

The projective Franck Drawing Completion Test (FDCT) is assumed to reflect the unconscious gender identity. A community sample of 42 men aged 20–34 years completed the test. A correlation was found between high (independent) occupational positions and masculine scores of she FDCT
After seven years a re-test was performed by 27 men. This yielded an acceptable individual long-term stability in particular of the clinically important gender-opposite scores. The FDCT appears to relate to aspects of masculinity such as activity, expansion, and outward social commitment.
As the test is truly non-obvious to the subject it is useful in the clinical investigation of for instance persons seeking sex reassignment.

Recent changes in the gender patterning of crime are examined using Uniform Crime Report data from 1953 to 1977. A crucial expectation based on opportunity theory -- that of increasingly similar M-F criminal profiles as opportunities for Fs expand -- is not supported by the data. Age-specific analysis suggests the possibility that changed gender identity patterns provide an equally plausible account of historical trends in F criminality. 5 Tables. HA.

Die Autorin geht zunächst auf den Identitätsbegriff ein und zeigt den Unterschied zwischen dem bestehenden männlichen Identitätsbegriff, der die Erfahrungswelt der Frauen nicht umfaßt und einem Individualitätsberiff, der versucht, die Perspektive der Frauen miteinzubeziehen. Diskutiert werden die kollektive und die individuelle Identität und die gesellschaftliche Bedingtheit des Verständnisses von Identität. Vier verschiedene Inhalte feministischer Wirklichkeitsmaginationen werden beschrieben, die Material bieten für individuelle und kollektive Identitäten. Die Identität der Frauen hängt eng zusammen mit ihrer Autonomie. Es wird auf die sozialgeschichtlichen Voraussetzungen des Autonomiebegriffs eingegangen, die psychische Autonomie erläutert und das Alltagsverständnis von Autonomie beschrieben. (LF)