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This article pinpoints the ways in which gender identities have been constructed in the literature on gender relations and farming published over the past twenty years. It identifies three significant discourses in the research literature, namely the discourse of the family farm, the discourse of masculinisation and the discourse of detraditionalisation and diversity. The discourse of the family farm is hegemonic in agricultural gender research. It positions men as head of the family farm enterprise; women in the subordinate position of 'farm wives' defined by their dependency, their marriage and family related responsibilities. The second discourse accounts for the masculinisation of agriculture. Gender positions are transformed and men and masculinity are loosing power and dominance, while women are pictured as taking action and adjusting themselves to late modern life. The "discourse of detraditionalisation and diversity" focuses on the various positions that contemporary women and men have in relation to the farm.

Through analysis of 120 in-depth interviews carried out among men from the middle-class and popular sectors, this article reconstructs the representations of masculinity of a sample of men living in three cities in Peru. The central question posed is how men reaffirm and constitute their gender identities in a context in which, despite the fact that men continue to maintain a monopoly over the political and economic life of the country as well as authority within the family, some qualities and roles traditionally assigned to them have lost their legitimacy as a result of the democratization of values, changes in family structure and the status of women, and the emergence of new discourses of masculinity and gender relations. Two additional issues are also analyzed: the way that discourses regarding masculinity intersect with regional, class, and generational identities, and how gender identity is linked to macrosocial processes.

Two‐Spirit People: Native American Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Spirituality. Sue‐Ellen Jacobs. Wesley Thomas. and Sabine Lang, eds. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1997.332 pp.

Most women living on Danish farms work off the farm and have a non‐farming education and background. The first part of the paper discusses how farm women's identity is understood theoretically and then suggests a perspective inspired by theories of modernity and everyday life, enabling a view of farm women as knowledgeable actors. The second part is an empirical study, based on qualitative interviews, of how farm women who work outside agriculture experience living on a farm. The study shows that living on a farm poses specific dilemmas for these women because they individually have to reconcile practices on the farm with norms and practices they bring with them from their earlier experiences, as well as with norms associated with gender relations more generally in society. However, the women are actively trying to reconcile their different experiences and by doing so they are reconstructing female identity and, in turn, gender identity in agriculture.

A Review of Gender Identities and Education: The Impact of Starting School, by Barbara Lloyd and Gerald Duveen.

This article explores gender and power relations in a South African criminal society through an examination of the legend surrounding a prominent leader. Tseule Tsilo achieved a degree of notoriety in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. Tsilo's legend lives on in the lore of the Marashea, the criminal organisation to which he belonged. However, rather than being embraced by the entire Marashea, Tsilo is a hero only to men. The legend was created, and is sustained, by men and for men, a discursive development that mirrors the gendered nature of power within the Marashea.