Suchergebnisse

Μετακινούμενη από μια μεταμοντερνιστική θέση αδιαφορίας για σημαντικές πολιτικές και ιδεολογικές αντιπαραθέσεις, η Φιλιππινο-Αμερικανίδα συγγραφέας Jessica Hagedorn εκπροσωπεί μια δυσάρεστη κατάσταση που βιώνουν και άλλοι διανοούμενοι οι οποίοι ανήκουν στις φυλετικές μειονότητες των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών που προέρχονται από χώρες του 'τρίτου κόσμου'. Δεδομένης της νεο-αποικιακής εξάρτησης των Φιλιππίνων, τη χώρα καταγωγής της, και των μεταστροφών της κατά τη διάρκειa του Ψυχρού Πολέμου, η φαντασία της Hagedorn δεν μπορούσε να υπερβεί τα όρια της φιλελεύθερης φαντασίας: η μυθιστοριογραφία της επικεντρώνεται σε ατομικές αναζητήσεις ταυτότητας. Αλλά με την πίεση του ρατσισμού, της βίας ενάντια σε έγχρωμους και της πατριαρχικής καταπίεσης, το ύφος της και η αφηγηματική της στρατηγική υφίστανται μια αποσύνθεση που σηματοδοτεί την μοναδικότητά τους. Αρχίζουν να καταγράφουν τα ιστορικά όρια της μεταμοντέρνας και μετα-αποικιακής ιδεολογίας που ηρωοποιεί τις ιδιόμορφες διαφορές πέρα και πάνω από κοινωνικές τάξεις, φυλές και φύλα . Το μυθιστόρημά της The Gangster of Love (Ο Συμμορίτης του Έρωτα) μπορεί να διαβαστεί ως μια εθνική αλληγορία τη ευαισθησίας των Φιλιππινέζων που επηρεάζεται από το χώρο της ιμπεριαλιστικής υποδούλωσης, της φυλετικής υποτέλειας και της σεξιστικής καταπίεσης. Το έργο της μπορεί να θεωρηθεί ότι αντιπροσωπεύει την κόψη της αντι-'μετα-αποικιακής' γραφής στους όψιμους καπιταλιστικούς σχηματισμούς όπως οι Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες.

Metadata only record ; The author argues that development programs concerned with gender have made gender synonymous with women, rather than focusing on men and women's separate associations, opportunities and constraints of their gender. Males have gender issues as well, and cannot always be seen as the problem. Focusing only on women does not enhance the goals of equity and empowerment that many gender in development programs seek. Furthermore, creating static categories of analysis of men and women does not accurately reflect the many roles and identities that contribute to forming a gender identity, nor does it account for cultural variations on the praised qualities associated with masculinity or femininity. Thus, the author concludes that theory and practice need to join together to create programs that reflect the complexity of gender, rather than positioning men in one corner and women in the other. In order for development programs to be successful, men and women must both be included and traditional feminist theories must be moved past to accurately understand gender as a whole.

This report addresses concerns about gender inequalities, democracy and deteriorating urban living conditions in Zambia. It presents a study of the reality facing youth born and raised in a peri-urban area, George compound in Lusaka. Changes in political and community organisation and deteriorating living conditions affect young women and men differently, and gender relations have to be re-negotiated. The report voices the youths' concerns about their family situation and gender identity. Male gender identities based on breadwinning and sexual activity become problematic in times of unemployment and HIV. Young women tie their identity to motherhood, but some of those who get an education aim for a working career and relative independence before marriage. Existing gender inequalities are challenged but often recycled in slightly different forms. ; CONTENTS -- Methodology and presentation of informants -- Living conditions—houses and environment -- Politics in transition -- Urban life and identities -- Households in transition -- Marriage and power -- Sexuality, knowledge, and gender identity -- In conclusion: Changing gender relations

An introductory chapter looks at the dynamic nature of gender concepts, stressing that gender constructions can only be understood in relation to historical, cultural, social, political, & religious contexts. It is maintained that this collection goes beyond examinations of women's roles in various settings, or representations of gender in narrative contexts, to focus on the intersection of gender & religious identities in India, as well as the relation of the complex notion of gender identity with cultural & religious ideas about sexuality. It is noted that most of the essays grew out of a 1996 conference at the U of London on "Gender, Religion, & Social Definition." Although the contributors employ different methodologies & frameworks to explore gender in varied socioreligious contexts, the papers focus on one theme or an intersection of two themes: gender identity & gendered discourse. The studies include investigations of gendered constructs in ancient traditions/texts like the Indian vedic grammars, folk narratives, contemporary possession rituals, & urban communal violence. A synopsis of each essay is included. 79 References. J. Lindroth

Discusses recent theoretical accounts of gender development in the UK, drawing on illustrations from the secondary literature. A key aspect of these theories is their nearly complete ignorance of race & class. Racism & class oppression have meant that black children grow up knowing that their parents are in a qualitatively different social position than their white counterparts. This knowledge crucially shapes their acquisition of gender identity. Theories of gender development that do not consider this process are necessarily partial. To rectify this, they need to recognize the existence of different forms of household organizations than the nuclear family & of different experiences of people of different colors & class backgrounds. Part of this process will involve a greater appreciation of the role of structural factors in the operation of gender development. 12 References. D. Ryfe

Argues for a departure from the dualistic thinking of many radical & Marxist feminists to a conception of power & its operation as seen through a critical reading of Michel Foucault. It is suggested that such an analysis may lead to a better understanding of the perpetuation of sex inequality & male domination. It is contended that an examination of the problems of gender differentiation & sex inequality are limited by theorizing from a position of fixed meanings. A discussion of French feminist literature illustrates the potential of poststructuralist reports in addressing the problems of gender inequality & sexual difference without regard to dualist or essentialist arguments. 50 References. M. Greenberg

Despite its notorious sexual politics, Djuna Barnes's Nightwood gained considerable literary respectability when T. S. Eliot endorsed the first American edition with his Introduction. The presiding dean of Modernist letters at Faber and Faber in London, Eliot could distinguish even obscure writers with a single stroke of his editorial pen. Though his decision to publish Djuna Barnes's wildly subversive Nightwood suggests that an antic disposition lurked beneath his studied propriety, he expurgated several of the manuscript's most transgressive episodes, thus diminishing the redemptive role of sexual inversion in the novel. Eliot admits in his Introduction that "it took me, with this book, some time to come to an appreciation of its meaning as a whole", but his editorial deletions indicate he overlooked the symbolic significance of inversion as the antithesis of Aryan essentialism in the manuscript. With uncanny prescience, Nightwood forecasts the nightmare of Nazi genocide and gendercide, creating a Parisian underground of expatriate inverts in exile from the deadly cultural "hygiene" of fascism. Analysis of the deleted manuscript passages restores the full force of Barnes's antifascist polemic in which inversion ultimately wins the day.

Feminist theory, in both its identity-based and its anti-essentialist versions, has denied the validity of transgendered people's experience. Rather, feminism needs to retheorize its understanding of identity in light of new insights offered by transgendered people's experience into the structural and systemic production of "liminal" or "boundary" conditions within political communities. ; La théorie féministe dans ses deux versions l'une basée sur l'identité et l'autre anti-essentialiste a rejeté la validité de l'expérience des transgendéristes. Le féminisme devrait plutôt remettre en théorie sa compréhension de l'identité en tenant compte de l'expérience des transgendéristes dans la production structurelle et systémique des conditions "limitrophes" ou "frontières" au sein des communautés politiques.

Ng Chin Pang. ; Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-91). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Acknowledgments --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.iii ; Chapter Chapter1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter Chapter2 --- Theories on Sex and the Emergence of Sexual Identity --- p.4 ; Chapter 2.1 --- "Origins and Development on the Concept of Sex in the ""Western"" World" ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- Augustine's Notion on Sexual Desire ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- Protestant Theology of Sex ; Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Emergence of ""Western"" Sexual Identity" ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Concept of Sexual Desire in China ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Discourse of Sexual Desire in Late Imperial China ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- Transformation of Sexual Identity in Modern China: Male Homosexuality as the Verdict ; Chapter Chapter3 --- Queer Theory- a Post-colonial Perspective --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Postcolonial Theory as a source of Theology Discourse ; Chapter 3.1.1 --- From Colonialism to Post-colonialism ; Chapter 3.1.2 --- Building a Hybridized Sexual Ethics ; Chapter 3.2 --- Queer Theory as a Source of Theology Discourse ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Queer Theory and Queer Politics ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Queering the Socially Constructed Sexual Identities ; Chapter Chapter4 --- A Post-colonial Sexual Theology --- p.59 ; Chapter 4.1 --- The Modes of Discourse ; Chapter 4.1.1 --- Transgressive Metaphors ; Chapter 4.1.2 --- Hybrid Sexual Theologies ; Chapter 4.2 --- A New Framework about Sexual Desire ; Chapter 4.2.1 --- Building our Relations in Erotic Desire ; Chapter 4.2.2 --- Beyond Sexuality and Spirituality Dichotomy ; Chapter 4.3 --- Conclusion: Building an Inclusive Community ; Bibliography --- p.85

The influence of Algerian settler society & of the elaboration of Algerian nationalist discourse on the formation of gender identity in Algeria is examined through analysis of French settler colonization of Algeria, 1830-1962. Analysis centers on the experiences of the European settler &, Jewish, Arab, & Berber ethnic/racial groups, & emphasizes four dimensions of the settler experience in Algeria: (1) the ethnic & class structure before & during colonization & the impact of the interwoven & mutually reinforcing elements of class & ethnic divisions & alliances on the struggle for political & economic power; (2) the colonizers' definition of citizenship & the impact of racial & religious dichotomies on the construction of collective identities & different national projects; (3) the impact of women's subjectivity/agency on their resistance or reproduction of ethnic, religious, class, &/or racial role expectations; & (4) the impact of precolonial, colonial, & postcolonial diversities on the women's movement. 26 References. D. Generoli

In July 1991 I was able to return to my Fulbright position in Peshawar after a six-month evacuation necessitated by the Gulf War. My euphoria was blemished by my discomfort at being an American and thus inevitably connected with American foreign policy. Knowing how distressed my friends in Peshawar had felt about the possibility of an American war against their fellow Muslims in Iraq, I apprehensively wondered how I would be received. It was the month of Muharram, Americans reminded me during my Islamabad stopover. During this Arabic lunar month, Shi'a Muslims commemorate the A.D. 680 martyrdom of Imam Husein, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.1 I should stay in the capital for the next several days, these Americans suggested; business would be closed down in Peshawar, and violence might erupt. As I had concentrated on Muharram rituals and politics in earlier research in Iran, however, I was delighted with this inadvertent timing and at once made plans for a flight to Peshawar.

Includes bibliographies. ; As a feminist exploration of the problematic relationship between Afrikaans women and Afrikaner nationalism, this thesis is primarily concerned with the construction of the social identities of Afrikaans women between 1919 and 1931, the crucial formative years of Afrikaner nationalism. The relationship between women and Afrikaner nationalism is thus addressed by an investigation at the level of intellectual history. The emergence of Afrikaner nationalism at the beginning of the 20th century was accompanied by the articulation of a distinctive gender discourse, the study of which is central to this thesis. Within this discourse, which may be termed the "volksmoeder" discourse, a new identity and new roles were contrived for Afrikaner women. We first investigate the social and historical context in which the discourse was generated and then analyse the "volksmoeder" discourse itself by focusing on texts from Die Boerevrou, a women's magazine launched by Mabel Malherbe in 1919. Rather than taking the Die Boerevrou-texts for granted or seeing them as simple reflections of reality, they are investigated as constructions. The questions of why these particular constructions had appeared in that specific context and what ends they achieved are posed. Rather than simply taking the discursive constructions at face value they are construed as "answers" to certain underlying social and historical issues. On a theoretical level the problem of the construction of gender and ethnic identities is informed by recent work in the field of discourse analysis, while the imagining or invention of nation-communities is discussed with reference to the work of Benedict Anderson, Ernst Gellner, Eric Hobsbawm and Tom Nairn. The investigation of Die Boerevrou-texts as particular articulations of the volksmoeder discourse shows how the social identities of Afrikaans women were socially constructed in the volksmoeder discourse. It suggests that the social subjectivities of Afrikaans women were by no means simple or transparent. In the texts of Die Boerevrou it becomes clear that even while being shaped by Afrikaner nationalism, women themselves were active in the shaping of Afrikaner nationalism. While they were constituted as subjects in the anti-feminist discourse of Afrikaner nationalism, they remained mobile within this discourse: always negotiating, planning, creating and articulating new identities and roles for themselves. The image of women as passive victims of a male Afrikaner discourses is thus denied. However, it is asserted that the volksmoeder discourse as a gender discourse can and should be severely criticised from a feminist perspective.

All over the world, there has been a massive resurgence in the politics of identity, including especially those forms of identity which, for a long time, were considered as negative and inimical to national unity. Today, ethnicity and religion have become major rallying points for political agitation, resulting in violent intra- and inter-state conflicts and posing direct challenges to national and regional stability as well as the post-1945 nation-state project across the world. This volume is dedicated to a discussion of various dimensions of the resurgence of identity politics in contemporary Nigeria. It is the product of a field-based research effort undertaken by a national working group which was keen to explore the origins, dimensions, and consequences of the increased spate of intra- and inter-communal conflicts within Nigeria in the context of a deep-seated national economic crisis, attempts at structural adjustment implementation, and a prolonged programme of transition from military to elected civilian rule. Such platforms of political mobilisation as ethnicity and religion, and the ways in which they combine with each other and with other variables like regional identities, are discussed along side the increase in the political significance of various aspects of youth and gender identities. In this sense, the contributions in this volume represent the first comprehensive effort to understand the dissolution and recom-position of popular political identities in contemporary Nigeria. ; Contents: 1. General Introduction. Identity Transformation and the Politics of Identity Under Crisis and Adjustment / Attahiru Jega -- 2. The State and Identity transformation Under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria / Attahiru Jega -- 3. The Transformation of Ethno-Regional Identities in Nigeria / Jibrin Ibrahim - 4. Religious Identity in the Context of Structural Adjustment in Nigeria / Ibrahim Mua'zzam and Jibrin Ibrahim -- 5. Transformation of Minority Identities in Post-Colonial Nigeria / Abdul Raufu Mustapha -- 6. National Council of Women´s Societies and the State, 1985-1993: The Use of Discourses of Womenhood by the NCWS / Charmaine Pereira -- 7. Adjustent and the Transformation of Labour Identity: What´s New and Does It Matter? / Jimi O. Adesina -- 8. The Youth, Economic Crisis and Identity Transformation: The Case of the Yandaba in Kano / Yunusa Zakari Ya'u -- 9. Youth Culture and Area Boys in Lagos / Abubakar Momoh -- 10. Structural Adjustment, Students' Movement and Popular Struggles in Nigeria, 1986-1996 / Said Adejumobi