Μετακινούμενη από μια μεταμοντερνιστική θέση αδιαφορίας για σημαντικές πολιτικές και ιδεολογικές αντιπαραθέσεις, η Φιλιππινο-Αμερικανίδα συγγραφέας Jessica Hagedorn εκπροσωπεί μια δυσάρεστη κατάσταση που βιώνουν και άλλοι διανοούμενοι οι οποίοι ανήκουν στις φυλετικές μειονότητες των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών που προέρχονται από χώρες του 'τρίτου κόσμου'. Δεδομένης της νεο-αποικιακής εξάρτησης των Φιλιππίνων, τη χώρα καταγωγής της, και των μεταστροφών της κατά τη διάρκειa του Ψυχρού Πολέμου, η φαντασία της Hagedorn δεν μπορούσε να υπερβεί τα όρια της φιλελεύθερης φαντασίας: η μυθιστοριογραφία της επικεντρώνεται σε ατομικές αναζητήσεις ταυτότητας. Αλλά με την πίεση του ρατσισμού, της βίας ενάντια σε έγχρωμους και της πατριαρχικής καταπίεσης, το ύφος της και η αφηγηματική της στρατηγική υφίστανται μια αποσύνθεση που σηματοδοτεί την μοναδικότητά τους. Αρχίζουν να καταγράφουν τα ιστορικά όρια της μεταμοντέρνας και μετα-αποικιακής ιδεολογίας που ηρωοποιεί τις ιδιόμορφες διαφορές πέρα και πάνω από κοινωνικές τάξεις, φυλές και φύλα . Το μυθιστόρημά της The Gangster of Love (Ο Συμμορίτης του Έρωτα) μπορεί να διαβαστεί ως μια εθνική αλληγορία τη ευαισθησίας των Φιλιππινέζων που επηρεάζεται από το χώρο της ιμπεριαλιστικής υποδούλωσης, της φυλετικής υποτέλειας και της σεξιστικής καταπίεσης. Το έργο της μπορεί να θεωρηθεί ότι αντιπροσωπεύει την κόψη της αντι-'μετα-αποικιακής' γραφής στους όψιμους καπιταλιστικούς σχηματισμούς όπως οι Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες.
Metadata only record ; The author argues that development programs concerned with gender have made gender synonymous with women, rather than focusing on men and women's separate associations, opportunities and constraints of their gender. Males have gender issues as well, and cannot always be seen as the problem. Focusing only on women does not enhance the goals of equity and empowerment that many gender in development programs seek. Furthermore, creating static categories of analysis of men and women does not accurately reflect the many roles and identities that contribute to forming a gender identity, nor does it account for cultural variations on the praised qualities associated with masculinity or femininity. Thus, the author concludes that theory and practice need to join together to create programs that reflect the complexity of gender, rather than positioning men in one corner and women in the other. In order for development programs to be successful, men and women must both be included and traditional feminist theories must be moved past to accurately understand gender as a whole.
This report addresses concerns about gender inequalities, democracy and deteriorating urban living conditions in Zambia. It presents a study of the reality facing youth born and raised in a peri-urban area, George compound in Lusaka. Changes in political and community organisation and deteriorating living conditions affect young women and men differently, and gender relations have to be re-negotiated. The report voices the youths' concerns about their family situation and gender identity. Male gender identities based on breadwinning and sexual activity become problematic in times of unemployment and HIV. Young women tie their identity to motherhood, but some of those who get an education aim for a working career and relative independence before marriage. Existing gender inequalities are challenged but often recycled in slightly different forms. ; CONTENTS -- Methodology and presentation of informants -- Living conditions—houses and environment -- Politics in transition -- Urban life and identities -- Households in transition -- Marriage and power -- Sexuality, knowledge, and gender identity -- In conclusion: Changing gender relations
Despite its notorious sexual politics, Djuna Barnes's Nightwood gained considerable literary respectability when T. S. Eliot endorsed the first American edition with his Introduction. The presiding dean of Modernist letters at Faber and Faber in London, Eliot could distinguish even obscure writers with a single stroke of his editorial pen. Though his decision to publish Djuna Barnes's wildly subversive Nightwood suggests that an antic disposition lurked beneath his studied propriety, he expurgated several of the manuscript's most transgressive episodes, thus diminishing the redemptive role of sexual inversion in the novel. Eliot admits in his Introduction that "it took me, with this book, some time to come to an appreciation of its meaning as a whole", but his editorial deletions indicate he overlooked the symbolic significance of inversion as the antithesis of Aryan essentialism in the manuscript. With uncanny prescience, Nightwood forecasts the nightmare of Nazi genocide and gendercide, creating a Parisian underground of expatriate inverts in exile from the deadly cultural "hygiene" of fascism. Analysis of the deleted manuscript passages restores the full force of Barnes's antifascist polemic in which inversion ultimately wins the day.
Feminist theory, in both its identity-based and its anti-essentialist versions, has denied the validity of transgendered people's experience. Rather, feminism needs to retheorize its understanding of identity in light of new insights offered by transgendered people's experience into the structural and systemic production of "liminal" or "boundary" conditions within political communities. ; La théorie féministe dans ses deux versions l'une basée sur l'identité et l'autre anti-essentialiste a rejeté la validité de l'expérience des transgendéristes. Le féminisme devrait plutôt remettre en théorie sa compréhension de l'identité en tenant compte de l'expérience des transgendéristes dans la production structurelle et systémique des conditions "limitrophes" ou "frontières" au sein des communautés politiques.
Ng Chin Pang. ; Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-91). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Acknowledgments --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.iii ; Chapter Chapter1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter Chapter2 --- Theories on Sex and the Emergence of Sexual Identity --- p.4 ; Chapter 2.1 --- "Origins and Development on the Concept of Sex in the ""Western"" World" ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- Augustine's Notion on Sexual Desire ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- Protestant Theology of Sex ; Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Emergence of ""Western"" Sexual Identity" ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Concept of Sexual Desire in China ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Discourse of Sexual Desire in Late Imperial China ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- Transformation of Sexual Identity in Modern China: Male Homosexuality as the Verdict ; Chapter Chapter3 --- Queer Theory- a Post-colonial Perspective --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Postcolonial Theory as a source of Theology Discourse ; Chapter 3.1.1 --- From Colonialism to Post-colonialism ; Chapter 3.1.2 --- Building a Hybridized Sexual Ethics ; Chapter 3.2 --- Queer Theory as a Source of Theology Discourse ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Queer Theory and Queer Politics ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Queering the Socially Constructed Sexual Identities ; Chapter Chapter4 --- A Post-colonial Sexual Theology --- p.59 ; Chapter 4.1 --- The Modes of Discourse ; Chapter 4.1.1 --- Transgressive Metaphors ; Chapter 4.1.2 --- Hybrid Sexual Theologies ; Chapter 4.2 --- A New Framework about Sexual Desire ; Chapter 4.2.1 --- Building our Relations in Erotic Desire ; Chapter 4.2.2 --- Beyond Sexuality and Spirituality Dichotomy ; Chapter 4.3 --- Conclusion: Building an Inclusive Community ; Bibliography --- p.85
In July 1991 I was able to return to my Fulbright position in Peshawar after a six-month evacuation necessitated by the Gulf War. My euphoria was blemished by my discomfort at being an American and thus inevitably connected with American foreign policy. Knowing how distressed my friends in Peshawar had felt about the possibility of an American war against their fellow Muslims in Iraq, I apprehensively wondered how I would be received. It was the month of Muharram, Americans reminded me during my Islamabad stopover. During this Arabic lunar month, Shi'a Muslims commemorate the A.D. 680 martyrdom of Imam Husein, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.1 I should stay in the capital for the next several days, these Americans suggested; business would be closed down in Peshawar, and violence might erupt. As I had concentrated on Muharram rituals and politics in earlier research in Iran, however, I was delighted with this inadvertent timing and at once made plans for a flight to Peshawar.
Includes bibliographies. ; As a feminist exploration of the problematic relationship between Afrikaans women and Afrikaner nationalism, this thesis is primarily concerned with the construction of the social identities of Afrikaans women between 1919 and 1931, the crucial formative years of Afrikaner nationalism. The relationship between women and Afrikaner nationalism is thus addressed by an investigation at the level of intellectual history. The emergence of Afrikaner nationalism at the beginning of the 20th century was accompanied by the articulation of a distinctive gender discourse, the study of which is central to this thesis. Within this discourse, which may be termed the "volksmoeder" discourse, a new identity and new roles were contrived for Afrikaner women. We first investigate the social and historical context in which the discourse was generated and then analyse the "volksmoeder" discourse itself by focusing on texts from Die Boerevrou, a women's magazine launched by Mabel Malherbe in 1919. Rather than taking the Die Boerevrou-texts for granted or seeing them as simple reflections of reality, they are investigated as constructions. The questions of why these particular constructions had appeared in that specific context and what ends they achieved are posed. Rather than simply taking the discursive constructions at face value they are construed as "answers" to certain underlying social and historical issues. On a theoretical level the problem of the construction of gender and ethnic identities is informed by recent work in the field of discourse analysis, while the imagining or invention of nation-communities is discussed with reference to the work of Benedict Anderson, Ernst Gellner, Eric Hobsbawm and Tom Nairn. The investigation of Die Boerevrou-texts as particular articulations of the volksmoeder discourse shows how the social identities of Afrikaans women were socially constructed in the volksmoeder discourse. It suggests that the social subjectivities of Afrikaans women were by no means simple or transparent. In the texts of Die Boerevrou it becomes clear that even while being shaped by Afrikaner nationalism, women themselves were active in the shaping of Afrikaner nationalism. While they were constituted as subjects in the anti-feminist discourse of Afrikaner nationalism, they remained mobile within this discourse: always negotiating, planning, creating and articulating new identities and roles for themselves. The image of women as passive victims of a male Afrikaner discourses is thus denied. However, it is asserted that the volksmoeder discourse as a gender discourse can and should be severely criticised from a feminist perspective.
All over the world, there has been a massive resurgence in the politics of identity, including especially those forms of identity which, for a long time, were considered as negative and inimical to national unity. Today, ethnicity and religion have become major rallying points for political agitation, resulting in violent intra- and inter-state conflicts and posing direct challenges to national and regional stability as well as the post-1945 nation-state project across the world. This volume is dedicated to a discussion of various dimensions of the resurgence of identity politics in contemporary Nigeria. It is the product of a field-based research effort undertaken by a national working group which was keen to explore the origins, dimensions, and consequences of the increased spate of intra- and inter-communal conflicts within Nigeria in the context of a deep-seated national economic crisis, attempts at structural adjustment implementation, and a prolonged programme of transition from military to elected civilian rule. Such platforms of political mobilisation as ethnicity and religion, and the ways in which they combine with each other and with other variables like regional identities, are discussed along side the increase in the political significance of various aspects of youth and gender identities. In this sense, the contributions in this volume represent the first comprehensive effort to understand the dissolution and recom-position of popular political identities in contemporary Nigeria. ; Contents: 1. General Introduction. Identity Transformation and the Politics of Identity Under Crisis and Adjustment / Attahiru Jega -- 2. The State and Identity transformation Under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria / Attahiru Jega -- 3. The Transformation of Ethno-Regional Identities in Nigeria / Jibrin Ibrahim - 4. Religious Identity in the Context of Structural Adjustment in Nigeria / Ibrahim Mua'zzam and Jibrin Ibrahim -- 5. Transformation of Minority Identities in Post-Colonial Nigeria / Abdul Raufu Mustapha -- 6. National Council of Women´s Societies and the State, 1985-1993: The Use of Discourses of Womenhood by the NCWS / Charmaine Pereira -- 7. Adjustent and the Transformation of Labour Identity: What´s New and Does It Matter? / Jimi O. Adesina -- 8. The Youth, Economic Crisis and Identity Transformation: The Case of the Yandaba in Kano / Yunusa Zakari Ya'u -- 9. Youth Culture and Area Boys in Lagos / Abubakar Momoh -- 10. Structural Adjustment, Students' Movement and Popular Struggles in Nigeria, 1986-1996 / Said Adejumobi
This thesis is a feminist reading of the work of Henry Handel Richardson (1870-1946), which considers her four major novels: Maurice Guest (1908), The Getting of Wisdom (1910), The Fortunes of Richard Mahony (1930), and The Young Cosima (1939). It proposes that Richardson foregrounds the work of gender ideology in her novels, and that her work is also conscious about its own fictional procedures. This thesis argues that Richardson consciously examines the ideological aspect of narrative modes, such as naturalism, the Bildungsroman, and popular romance. Moreover, it illustrates her attempts to invent narrative strategies which subvert the conventional assumptions about gender inherent in those forms. "Gender Ideology and Narrative Form" draws on recent theoretical approaches to narrative, ideology, subjectivity, and dialogism, to argue that Richardson makes the ideological shaping of her stories most visible through manipulations of genre, plot, narrative voice, and point of view. Aspects of ideology examined include the Victorian and late-Victorian equation of masculinity with public rationality, mind, public achievement, and genius: and, on the other hand, the association of femininity with the body, passion, and private or domestic spaces. The thesis also considers some of the values and assumptions about gender implicit in nineteenth-century scientific thinking. Henry Handel Richardson has been viewed as a conservative writer, in both aesthetic and political terms. By contrast, I suggest that she resists the moral and representational codes of the realist or naturalist form, and that her uncompromising oppositional strategy achieves a number of radical results. It exposes and criticises the masculinist bias of certain representational methods; it offers new ways of representing female experience; and it insists that the private sphere must be treated also as a political space in which crucial power relationships are at work. My approach to Henry Handel Richardson's fiction opens new ways to see her work as ...
Sexual identities are dangerous, Michel Foucault tells us. Categories of desire harden into stereotypes by which the forces of normalization hold us and judge us. In Bodies and Pleasures, Ladelle McWhorter reads Foucault from an original and personal angle, motivated by the differences this experience has made in her life. At the same time, her analysis advances discussion of key issues in Foucault scholarship: the genealogical critique, the status of the subject and humanism, essentialism versus social construction, and the relationships between identity, community, and political action. Weaving her own experience of coming to grips with her lesbian sexual identity into her readings of Foucault's most recent writings on sexuality and power, McWhorter argues compellingly that Foucault's texts should be read less for the arguments they advance and more for their transformative effect. By exploring bodies and pleasures—gardening, line dancing, or doing philosophy, for example—McWhorter shows that it isn't necessary to conform with socially recognized sexual identities. Bodies and Pleasures takes the reader beyond unexplored norms and imposed identities as it points the way toward a personal politics, ethics, and style that challenges our sexual selves. ; https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1090/thumbnail.jpg
"This is not a contribution to nation-building. I hope it helps disrupt nation-building". These words by film-maker Zackie Ahmat gave a kick-start to the discussions at the international conference on "National Identity and Democracy" held at the University of the Western Cape 14-18 March 1997, and they also introduce the theme for the book with some of the best contributions to the conference. Ahmat's understanding of "nation-building" was the kind of cultural homogenisation ordered from above which has been the rule in many parts of the world, not least in Africa. Nation-building has here often been been a hypocritical cloak for the hegemony of an elite, sometimes mobilising support from just one cultural group. By the title of the conference the organisers wanted to invite a discussion both on the insight that building a nation and building democracy are not necessarily twins, and on the risks of the misuse of power in the name of the nation. South Africa represents a possible and hopeful departure from the homogenisation model, with its explicit pluralism expressed in the adoption of 11 official languages. Six of the papers deal with the South African experiment, with an examination of the policy of non-racialism and the specific challenges posed by migrant workers, group identities and the themes of gender and nation. Other chapters are case studies from national identity formation on the contested cultural terrain in Zimbabwe, Kenya, Angola, Nigeria, and Tanzania. The book also contains an annotated bibliography. ; CONTENTS: Preface -- Introduction -- PART I. INVENTING THE NATION'S PAST -- History, the Arts and the Problem of National Identity: Reflections on Kenya in the 1970s and 1980s / Kimani Gecau, Harare -- How the National Became Popular in Tanzania / Siri Lange, Bergen -- The National landscape: a Cultural European Invention / Svend Erik Larsen, Odense -- The Question fo identity during the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) in the Fiction of Flora Nwapa and Ken Saro-Wiwa / Raisa Simola, Joensuu -- Part II. IDENTITIES AND TRANSFORMATION -- The Language of Africa-Centered Knowledge in South Africa: Universalism, Relativism and Dependency / Ousseina Alidou & Alamin Mazrui, Columbus Ohio -- War and the Negotiation of Gendered Identities in Angola / Horace Campbell, Syracuse -- Conceptualising Coloured Identitites in the Western Cape Province of South Africa / Zimitri Erasmus & Edgar Pieterse, Cape Town -- Intimate Transformations: Romance, Gender and Nation / Maria Olaussen, Åbo -- From Masters to Minoirites: The Swedish-speaking Finns and the Afrikaans-speaking Whites / Mai Palmberg, Uppsala -- Part III. THE SOUTH AFRICAN EXPERIMENT -- Nation-building Discourse in a Democracy / Bredan P. Boyce, Durban -- The Notion of 'Nation' and the Practice of 'Nation-building' in Post-Apartheid South Africa / Gerhard Maré, Durban -- Do Diverse Social Identitites Inhibit Nationhood and Democrasy?: Initial Considerations from South Africa / Robert Mattes, Cape Town -- Strangers at the Cattle Post: State Nationalism and Migrant Identity in Post-Apartheid South Africa / Michael Neocosmos, Gaborone -- Advancing Non-racialism in Post-Apartheid South Africa / Rupert Taylor, Johannesburg and Don Foster, Cape Town -- Select annotated bibliography / Petra Smitmanis, Stockholm -- About the authors.
A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Luton ; This thesis is the study of the relationship between individuals and communities in the context of racialised minorities in the United Kingdom. The research examines the ways in which individuals belonging to the Kashmiri community articulate and manifest 'Kashmyriat' in conditions of diaspora. Specifically, the research is an investigation of the core features of Kashmiri identity. These were selected as being identifications based on culture, religion and the territorial identification with the land of Kashmir, the nature of culture conflict between individuals and community and differences between generations of Kashmiris and the role of gender identity in 'Kashmyriat'. The central premise is that identity is constantly updated, multiple and redefined in relation to contextual changes through a process of enculturation. Results of the research suggest that culture, religion and territorial identification with the land of Kashmir are central core features of Kashmiri identity in Luton. The younger generation appear to be maintaining a distinct and separate identity based partly on shared culture, religion and terrirotial identification with the land of Kashmir with the older generation whilst they are redefining their identity in response to the contexts in which they have been born and brought up. Gender identities appear to be less significant as part of overall identity development. Theoretically the thesis is an exploration of identity and its relationship to cultural identity among migrants. In this thesis I rely on qualitative ethnographic work as well as the quantitative research methodology of Identity Structure Analysis (ISA) to try and draw a textured analysis of Kashmiri identity transformation in the wake of immigration to Luton. Using the notion of enculturation the thesis sets out to deepen and make this concept more academically rigorous. Enculturation is deployed as a means to understanding the process of identity transformation. Results of the research suggest that culture, religion and affiliation with the land of Kashmir. Whilst they share the first two with other South Asian ethnicised communities in the United Kingdom it appears that the territorial affiliation with the land of Kashmir which can be translated as political identity is currently their self-defined identity. This is marking the Kashmiris as a national community whose individuals and collectivities centre their identity on 'Kashmyriat'.
Rethinking Language and Gender Research is the first book focusing on language and gender to explicitly challenge the dichotomy of female and male use of language. It represents a turning point in language and gender studies, addressing the political and social consequences of popular beliefs about women's language and men's language and proposing new ways of looking at language and gender. The essays take a fresh approach to the study of subjects such as language and sex and the use of language to produce and maintain power and prestige. Topics explored in this text include sex and the brain; the language of a rape hearing; teenage language; radio talk show exchanges; discourse strategies of African American women; political implications for language and gender studies; the relationship between sex and gender and the construction of identity through language. [Amazon.com] ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/english_books/1005/thumbnail.jpg
Durante el siglo XIX se construyó una identidad homosexual particular, medicalizada y estigmatizada .En los años 60, la existencia de esa identidad fue negada por el movimiento gay aunque con su sola existencia parecía confirmar esa especificidad. En la actualidad siguen coexistiendo estos dos discursos, un discurso mayoritario que condena y estigmatiza la homosexualidad, y un discurso politizado que lucha por su normalización. El individuo que se reconoce como homosexual ha de enfrentarse, en primer lugar, a la compensación del discurso estigmatizante, lo que le será más fácil si tiene acceso a los diferentes mecanismos legitimadores. Pero, en este artículo también se consideran otros aspectos que son relevantes para la construcción de una identidad homosexual personal, subalterna o dominante, como son las formas de sociabilidad, la imagen del individuo (afeminado/viril) y su posición socio-estructural, entre otros. Por último, se considera también la dialéctica entre visibilidad y ocultación y la fragmentación existente entre los homosexuales. En consecuencia, resulta difícil hablar de la existencia de una identidad homosexual que incluya a todos los individuos. ; The stigmatized and medicalized homosexual identity was created during the 19th century. In the sixties, the existence of this identity was denied by the Gay Movement, although its negation reinforces its existence. Nowadays these two discourses still coexist, a majority that condemns and stigmatizes homosexuality and a politicized minority that supports its normalization. Persons identifying as homosexual have to contend with the stigmas reinforced by the majority, this process is easier in the presence of legitimating mechanisms. However, in this article I also consider other important questions for the construction of a dominant or secondary homosexual personal identity: forms of sociability, personal image (effeminate/virile), and socio-structural positioning, among others. Finally, I consider the dialectics between visibility and concealment and the fragmentation that exists among homosexuals. This fragmentation makes it difficult to talk about the existence of a homosexual identity which includes all the people involved. ; Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada
