Die Dissertation Gender und Genre in melodramatischen Literaturverfilmungen der Gegenwart untersucht das Medium Film anhand von Todd Haynesâ Far from Heaven (2002), Stephen Daldrys The Hours (2002) und Tom Fords A Single Man (2009) als Quelle des Wissens über gesellschaftlich-normierte Geschlechterrollen und sozialkonstruierte Genderkonzepte. Die Arbeit versteht sich als eine nachhaltige Schnittstellenforschung zwischen Gender-, Literatur-, Film- und Medienwissenschaften und zeigt die Öffnung der Germanistik für den medial geprägten Kulturwandel, welcher den deutschen bzw. den deutschsprachigen Kulturraum betrifft. Gender und Geschlecht destabilisieren die Gesellschaft und die â heterosexuelle Matrixâ durch das individuelle Suchen, Finden, Konstruieren und Anerkennen einer eigenen, individuellen Genderidentität. Dieser Prozess kann unter Zuhilfenahme des Erzählens von Geschlecht im Film verdeutlicht werden, denn die audiovisuelle Fiktion modelliert Wirklichkeitsvorstellungen und das Wirklichkeitsverständnis der Rezipienten. Wobei offen bleibt, ob die Fiktion die Realität oder die Realität die Fiktion imitiert. Denn es gibt nicht nur eine Wahrheit, sondern mehrere, vielleicht unzählige Bedeutungszuschreibungen. Die drei paradigmatischen Literaturverfilmungen wurden jeweils in Bezug zu ihren Literaturvorlagen von Virginia Woolf, Michael Cunningham und Christopher Isherwood gesetzt. Sie können als Beispiele für ein wissendes, postmodernes Pastiche des Themen-Clusters Diskriminierung/Homophobie/Homosexualität/â Rasseâ gelten. Alle drei Filme verhandeln durch gemeinsame, melodramatische Motive (Spiegel, Telefon, Krieg, Familie) die Darstellbarkeit von Emotionen, Begehren, Sehnsüchten, Einsamkeit und dem Verlust der Liebe. Durch Verbindungslinien zu den Melodramen von Douglas Sirk und mittels den Theorien von u.a. Judith Butler, Stanley Cavell, Carolin Emcke, Thomas Elsaesser, Sigmund Freud, Hermann Kappelhoff und Laura Mulvey wurde das Begriffspaar Genre und Gender her-ausgestellt und im zeitgenössischen Geschlechter-Diskurs verortet. Das im Verlauf der Arbeit erarbeitete Wissen zu Gender, Sexualität, Körper und Geschlecht wurde als ein Gender-Genre-Hybrid verstanden und im Genre des queeren bzw. homosexuellen Melodrams (gay melodrama) neu verortet. Die drei Filme sind als ein Wiederbelebungsversuch bzw. ein Erweiterungsversuch des melodramatischen Genres unter dem Genderaspekt anzusehen. Die Analyse und Dekonstruktion feststehender Begriffe im Kontext der Gender- und Gay Studies und dem Queer Cinema lösen produktive Krisen und damit emanzipierte Verfahren aus. Diese müssen immer wieder neu beschrieben werden, damit sie wahrgenommen und verstanden werden. Daher sind die drei melodramatischen Literaturverfilmungen ein fiktionales Dokumentationsmodell gesellschaftlicher Konflikte, welches anhand individueller Schicksale verdeutlicht wird. ; This thesis Gender and Genre in Contemporary Melodramatic Film Adaptations analyses the medium of film based on the following three movies â Todd Haynes' Far from Heaven (2002), Stephen Daldry's The Hours (2002) and Tom Ford's A Single Man (2009) â as a source of knowledge about socially-normalized gender roles and socially constructed gender concepts. The work positions itself at the nexus between gender and literary research, and film and media studies highlighting the opening of the German language and literature studies for the media-shaped cultural change, which currently takes place within German language and the German-speaking culture. Gender and sex destabilize society and the "heterosexual matrix" by the individual search, discovery, construction and acknowledgement of increasingly individually determined gender identity. This process can be elucidated on the example of narration of gender in film, because the audiovisual fiction emulates recipientsâ idea of reality and its understanding. It remains to be seen whether fiction imitates reality or vice versa. For there is not one single (universal) truth, but rather numerous and perhaps countless attributions of meaning. Within this thesis, the three selected, paradigmatic literary adaptations were each set in relation to their literary originals by Virginia Woolf, Michael Cunningham and Christopher Isherwood. This thesis considers these to be examples of a conscious postmodern pastiche of thematic clusters discrimination / homophobia / homosexuality / "race". All three films share common, melodramatic themes (mirror, telephone, war, family) the ability to epitomize emotions, desires, longings, loneliness and the loss of love. The framework is established by establishing linkages to the melodramas of Douglas Sirk and by the use of theories, inter alia, Judith Butler, Stanley Cavell, Carolin Emcke, Thomas Elsaesser, Sigmund Freud, Hermann Kappelhoff and Laura Mulvey. This allowed the author to anchor the conceptual pair Genre and Gender within contemporary gender discourse. The knowledge on gender, sexuality, body and sex gained in the course of this work allowed for the establishment of gender-genre hybrid and recontextualization of the existing genre of queer or gay melodrama. The three films are regarded as an attempt at revival or an attempt to broaden the genre boundaries of melodrama by incorporation of gender elements. The analysis and deconstruction of concepts fixed within the context of Gender and Gay Studies and Queer Cinema resolves the existing crises and by emancipating the productive process. These need to be described repeatedly, so that they can be recognized and understood. Therefore, the three melodramatic literary adaptations represent fictional documentation model of social conflict, exhibited by fates of individuals.
Vorangetrieben von »Schwulen« selbst wurde seit dem 19. Jahrhundert das Konzept schwuler Identität durchgesetzt. Noch heute gelten »Sichtbarkeit« und »Identität« weithin als Schlüsselbegriffe politischer Kämpfe Homosexueller um Anerkennung und Respekt. Jedoch wird aktuell immer deutlicher, dass auf diese Weise ein Ordnungsregime entsteht, das auf Geschlechternorm, Weißsein, Bürgerlichkeit und Paarbeziehung basiert. So werden beispielsweise Queers of Color und Queers mit abweichenden Lebensentwürfen marginalisiert. Die Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes hinterfragen die Gewissheit, dass eine einheitliche schwule Identität existiert, aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven: bewegungsgeschichtlich, wissenschaftstheoretisch und mit Blick auf aktuelle gesellschaftliche Auseinandersetzungen um Homonationalismus und rassistische Gentrifizierung. ; In the 19th century »gays« themselves pushed forward the concept of gay identity. Until today »visibility« and »identity« count as key terms in the homosexuals' fights for recognition and respect. Recently it has become increasingly clear, however, that these concepts support a regime of order based on gender norms, whiteness, bourgeois ideals and the predominance of the couple, thus marginalizing, among others, queers of color and queers with alternative lifestyles. The authors of the book question the existence of a single gay identity from different perspectives: the history of the gay movement, the philosophy of science, and the analysis of current social controversies about homo-nationalism and racist gentrification. ; https://www.psychosozial-verlag.de/catalog/product_info.php/cPath/20000/products_id/6805 ; peerReviewed ; publishedVersion
Die Kategorisierung in ein weibliches oder ein männliches Geschlecht und Geschlechterrollenzuteilung prägen noch heute die Gesellschaft. Frauen haben noch immer ein niedrigeres Einkommen und sind in deutlich weniger Führungspositionen zu finden als Männer. Die soziale Konstruktion von Geschlecht, Gender genannt, vollzieht sich bereits in der Schule und trägt massiv zur Entwicklung der Geschlechteridentität bei. Die Schule muss sich ihrer Sozialisationswirkung bewusst werden und gendersensible Pädagogik sicherstellen. Trotz schulpolitischer Vorgaben ist gendersensible Pädagogik noch nicht ausgereift und obliegt der Professionalisierung der Lehrkräfte. Mit dem Erwerb von Genderkompetenz können Lehrkräfte über gendersensibles Arbeiten im Unterricht zur Geschlechterdemokratie beitragen. Daraus ergibt sich für diese Masterarbeit die Frage, wie gendersensible Pädagogik im wirtschaftlichen Unterricht sichergestellt werden kann. Im ersten Kapitel erfolgt eine begriffliche Einordnung gendersensibler Pädagogik innerhalb der Geschlechtertheorie. Neben zahlreichen Aspekten bezüglich Gender wird mit begrifflichen Abgrenzungen die Bedeutung der gendersensiblen Pädagogik und deren Einordnung geklärt. Im darauffolgenden Kapitel wird der Fokus auf gendersensible Pädagogik gelegt. Dabei werden die geschichtlichen Wurzeln im Rahmen der Koedukation beschrieben und auf gendersensible Didaktik mit besonderem Blick auf Genderkompetenz übergeleitet. Im nächsten Kapitel wird ausgehend vom aktuellen Status Quo gendersensibler Schulentwicklung auf schulpolitische Vorgaben übergeleitet. Im letzten Kapitel werden Umsetzungsstrategien und Handlungsempfehlungen zur Förderung von geschlechtergerechtem Lernen im wirtschaftlichen Unterricht beschrieben. Die Umsetzung gendersensibler Pädagogik realisiert sich über die vier Ebenen: Unterrichtsinhalte, Interaktionen, Unterrichtssetting und Institution Schule. ; The classification into female and male as well as the process of gender role attribution is still strongly present within the society. This is reflected in the lower level of income and holding of leading positions by women compared to men. However, the social construction of sex is defined as 'gender'; it is a process which begins in school and which is crucial for the formation of gender identity. Thus, schools can function as major factors in the reduction of educational disparities concerning gender. Furthermore, education is a process of socialization which implies the consideration of gender sensitive pedagogy. In spite of political regulations, the implementation of gender sensitive pedagogy in schools is not yet fully developed; it is the teachers own professional responsibility to ensure gender sensitive pedagogy by achieving gender competence. Therefore, the main question of this master thesis is how a teacher can provide gender sensitive pedagogy for commercial courses in school. The first chapter contains a definition of terms in relation to gender sensitive pedagogy and gender studies. This definition includes numerous aspects of gender as well as the classification of gender sensitive pedagogy within gender studies. The second chapter focuses on gender sensitive pedagogy by describing the historical origins in context of coeducation as well as gender sensitive didactics in case of gender competence. The third chapter describes the status quo of gender sensitive pedagogy in school by analysing the curriculum concerning gender and it points out important approaches, concepts, initiatives and projects in connection to gender sensitive school development. In the last chapter, strategies to ensure gender sensitiveness within courses in secondary business schools are introduced. The implementation of gender sensitive pedagogy can be realised by lesson content, interaction, lesson setting and the institution of school itself. ; Bettina Schwaiger ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassungen in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 ; (VLID)784572
Diese Masterarbeit behandelt die Verfolgung von LGBTI Personen und ihr Recht auf Asyl. Insbesondere werden die spezifischen Probleme und Herausforderungen einer Person, die aufgrund ihrer sexuellen Orientierung oder Geschlechtsidentität flüchten muss, betrachtet. Dazu zählen etwa Schwierigkeiten im Zusammenhang mit der Glaubhaftmachung des Asylgrundes gegenüber den Behörden sowie Probleme in Hinblick auf die inländische Fluchtalternative oder ein spätes Vorbringen des Fluchtgrundes. Neben der Definition der Begriffe LGBTI (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans* und Intersex), Asylsuchende, Flüchtling, Migrant_innen gibt die Arbeit einen Einblick in die gesellschaftliche und rechtliche Lage von LGBTI Personen in der Europäischen Union. Es werden gesetzliche Bestimmungen zum Schutz von LGBTI Personen besprochen, sowie Hassverbrechen und Diskriminierungen gegen LGBTI Personen in der Europäischen Union erörtert. Anschließen wird dargestellt was Verfolgung ist, welche Verfolgungsgründe in der Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention anerkannt sind, sowie wo und in welcher Art und Weise LGBTI Personen Verfolgungen drohen. Wichtige Rechtsquellen im Asyl- und Flüchtlingsrecht, die insbesondere für LGBTI Asylsuchende von Bedeutung sind, werden genauer betrachtet. Weiters gehe ich auf die Fragen ein, ob die Anforderung die sexuelle Orientierung oder Geschlechtsidentität im Herkunftsland zu verbergen menschenrechtskonform ist. Im letzten Kapitel werden spezifische Probleme im Aufnahmeland, vor allem im Zusammenhang mit der Unterbringung, sowie die Problematik der Mehrfachdiskriminierung von LGBTI Flüchtlingen, erörtert. ; This master thesis deals with the persecution of LGBTI people and their right to asylum. In particular, the specific problems and challenges a person who is forced to flee, because of their sexual orientation or gender identity, will be examined. These include difficulties related to the substantiation of the reasons for asylum to the authorities as well as problems with regard to the internal flight alternative or a late submission of the flight reason. In addition to the definitions of the terms LGBTI (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans* and Intersex), asylum seekers, refugees, migrants, the paper gives an insight into the social and legal situation of LGBTI people in the European Union. It discusses legal provisions for the protection of LGBTI people as well as hate crimes and discrimination against LGBTI people in the European Union. Afterwards, it will be shown what persecution is, which reasons for persecution are recognized in the Geneva Convention, as well as where and in what manner LGBTI people threatens persecutions. Important legal sources in asylum and refugee law, which are particularly for LGBTI asylum seekers of importance, are examined in more detail. Moreover I address the issue, whether the request to conceal the sexual orientation or gender identity in the country of origin is conform to human rights. In the last chapter specific problems in the host country, especially in connection with the accommodation and the problem of multiple discrimination against LGBTI refugees, are discussed. ; Manfred Derler ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2014 ; (VLID)239812
International audience ; Diskriminierung und Menschenrechtsverletzungen gegenüber LSBTI-Personen werden heute international thematisiert und angeprangert – ein vergleichsweise neues Phänomen. Dennoch tragen die herrschenden Normen von Zweigeschlechtlichkeit und Heterosexualität weiterhin zur Diskriminierung bei: So sind gleichgeschlechtliche Partnerschaften in fast allen Staaten schlechter gestellt als heterosexuelle. Transgeschlechtliche Menschen erfahren Gewalt, weil ihr Verhalten und Äußeres nicht geltenden Normen entsprechen.
Since 2008 the Gay Museum* (= Schwules Museum*) in Berlin has been reassessing its exhibition and collection practice by exploring what is means to be queer. In other words, the question is how highly complex debates and divergent recognition strategies within the LGBT*I/Q movement can be done differently and in a more democratic way within the museum. A central part of my bachelor thesis is a discussion of critical and emancipatory potential of queer‐feminist imagery and art politics for the exhibition practices of the Gay Museum*. With the thesis presented here, I address and attempt to answer the following question: How can the Gay Museum* become an accepted platform that provokes and negotiates the normalization of hetero‐ and homo‐centric and sexuality discourse? After an exposition of central theoretical concepts, with a particular reference to the methodology of queer‐feminist critique of representation, I give a brief overview of the genesis, meaning and foundation history of the Gay Museum*. I then examine the intentions and outcomes of the exhibition "trans*_homo – of lesbian trans*gays and other normalities" (17.08.‐19.11.2012) through a critical perspective. Specifically, I analyze how and whether in this exhibition action was taken at the level of representation in natural attributions of sexuality and gender. Following my critical analyzes, I explore both potentials as well as the boundaries of queer‐feminist impulses. Ultimately, I want to embed my preliminary findings from the analysis into a theoretical context for discussion. Above all, I intend to contribute to the academic conversation and examination about whether or not the function of the Gay Museum* as a discursive venue of LGBT*I/Q actually can change our modern apparatus. My primarily goal is to present a programmatic image of queer‐feminist politics of representation for exhibition practices and in so, to the extensive field of sexual and gender identity construction, which still holds many unresolved questions and contradictions. As I hope to show, exhibitions have the capacity to do intensive and varied work on the deconstruction and rearrangement of the hegemonic museum practice. The analyzed exhibition therefore provides important consideration for the future practical work and theory of the Gay Museum* as a discursive venue of identity politics (gender and sexuality).
Tijekom druge polovice dvadesetog stoljeća, a posebice tijekom posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća, naša iskustva i razumijevanje obitelji i rodnih uloga znatno su se izmijenili. Pojave nezamislive našim djedovima i bakama danas su znatno vidljivije i društveno prihvatljive: razvod, ponovno sklapanje braka nakon razvoda, izvanbračna zajednica, eksperimentalni odnosi, homoseksualni brakovi ili partnerstva sa ili bez djece, jednoroditeljske obitelji, demokratskiji odnosi između roditelja i djece, zaposlenost žena, očev dopust itd. Osim povećane varijacije u obiteljskim oblicima i promijenjenih odnosa unutar obitelji, znanstvenike u području društvenih znanosti zanimaju i druga pitanja koja utječu na svako društvo na makro-razini, kao što su na primjer broj djece u obitelji ili pitanje stopa fertiliteta i starenja društva. Dok su prije dvadeset ili trideset godina važna pitanja povezana s obiteljskim životom uključivala zaposlenost žena i posljedice zaposlenosti žena za obitelj, danas je žarište premješteno na ravnotežu između posla i privatnog života i usklađivanje posla i obiteljskog života, zajedno s rodnim ulogama u obiteljima i kućanstvima. Još uvijek važno pitanje za obitelji i istraživanja unutar društvenih znanosti, pitanje plaćenog posla žena produbljeno je pitanjima o rodnim ulogama, raspodjeli moći unutar kućanstava u odnosu na plaćeni posao, o neplaćenom kućanskom radu, odgovornosti za skrb i dodatnoj rodnoj jednakosti u obje sfere rada. Složenija analiza ovih promjena, osim što koristi opće procese modernizacije kao okvirni kontekst, trebala bi isto tako uzeti u obzir mjere socijalne politike, politiku zapošljavanja i promjenjive uvjete na tržištu rada. Znanstvenici u području društvenih znanosti posebno su zainteresirani za međukulturalne varijacije kako bi razumjeli i objasnili međusobne poveznice i promjene. Iz tog razloga tema obitelji i izmijenjenih rodnih uloga istraživana je u četiri kruga unutar Međunarodnog programa društvenih istraživanja (International Social Survey Programme - ISSP). Prvi modul pokrenut je 1988. godine, drugi 1994. i treći 2002. godine. Odabrani podatci iz posljednjeg ISSP modula (provedenog u Hrvatskoj 2013. godine) temelj su za analize u radovima koji su uključeni u ovaj tematski broj Revije. International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) International Social Survey Programme - ISSP (Međunarodni program društvenih istraživanja) najstarije je kontinuirano godišnje međunarodno istraživanje u području društvenih znanosti. Članovi istraživačkog programa su istraživačke organizacije diljem svijeta, od kojih svaka predstavlja jednu zemlju. Od 2005. godine Institut za društvena istraživanja predstavlja Republiku Hrvatsku u ovom projektu. ISSP obuhvaća niz tema koje su važne za društvene znanosti (uloga vlade, društvene nejednakosti, nacionalni identiteti, vjera, zdravstvo, radne orijentacije, državljanstvo, okoliš, društvene mreže, slobodno vrijeme i sport) i nameće stroge standarde anketnog istraživanja kako bi se riješile poteškoće koje su svojstvene međunarodnom anketnom istraživanju. Od skromnih početaka 1984. godine, ISSP se razvio te danas uključuje 48 zemalja članica, koje su odgovorne za provođenje ISSP istraživanja na svom području svake godine. Godišnje teme ISSP istraživanja razvijaju se tijekom nekoliko godina, pod nadzorom izabranog pododbora, te se unaprijed testiraju u različitim zemljama članicama. Na godišnjem plenarnom sastanku raspravlja se o upitniku koji se koristi u svim zemljama te se finalizira isti. ISSP istraživanje posebno je usmjereno na razvojna pitanja koja su: 1) smislena i relevantna za sve zemlje i 2) koja se mogu izraziti na ekvivalentan način na svim relevantnim jezicima. ISSP baza podataka, smještena u bazi podataka za društvena istraživanja GESIS Leibniz Institut u Kölnu, priprema paket podataka koji je slobodno dostupan. Mnoge navedene teme ponavljaju se u redovitim razmacima (neke od njih tri ili četiri puta), što omogućuje istraživačima proučavanje međunacionalnih varijacija i promjena tijekom vremena. ISSP označava nekoliko novosti u području međunacionalnog istraživanja. Prvo, suradnja između organizacija je rutinska i kontinuirana. Drugo, trajna suradnja istih institucija čini međunacionalno istraživanje temeljnim dijelom agende nacionalnih istraživanja svake zemlje sudionice. Treće, ISSP načela zahtijevaju da se sve institucije članice uključe u razne faze planiranja i kreiranja modula istraživanja i svaki član ima pravo glasa u odlučivanju. Četvrto, kombinirajući metodologiju ponavljanja u vremenskim razmacima i međunacionalnu perspektivu, koriste se dva moćna istraživačka alata za proučavanje društvenih procesa. Teme modula iz 2012. godine Obitelj i promjenjive rodne uloge uključuje: rodnu ideologiju; stavove prema ženskoj zaposlenosti tijekom životnog ciklusa; stavove prema braku; organizaciju dohotka u partnerskoj zajednici; rodnu podjelu kućanskih poslova; podjelu kućanskih poslova – pravičnost i sukob; moć i odlučivanje u partnerskoj vezi; sukob posao-obitelj; rod, skrb i socijalna politika; stavove prema djeci; model obitelji u vezi s favoriziranom i stvarnom podjelom plaćenog i neplaćenog rada uključujući upravljanje vremenom u kućanstvu; alternativne oblike obitelji. Pregled članaka Odabrani podatci u tri rada u ovom broju (djelomično ili isključivo) bave se četvrtim krugom ISSP istraživanja Obitelj i promjenjive rodne uloge iz 2012. godine. Iako se ne temelji na ISSP podatcima, četvrti rad s jedne strane uklapa se u temu modula i temu ovoga broja, a s druge strane nudi i međugeneracijsku usporedbu i psihosocijalnu perspektivu. Dok tri rada obrađuju nacionalnu (hrvatsku) razinu analize, Ivana Dobrotić i Tanja Vučković Juroš nude međunacionalnu (europsku) perspektivu u radu naslovljenom Tko bi trebao financirati rani predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje? Višerazinska analiza 24 zemlje. Autorice istražuju učinak čimbenika na individualnoj i državnoj razini na stavove o financiranju ranog predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja, a posebno istražuju utječe li socijalizacija u određenom režimu socijalne države na stavove o odgovornosti države u pogledu predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja. Autorice isto tako istražuju objašnjava li bolje tipologija socijalnih režima koja je više usmjerena na obiteljsku politiku varijacije u stavovima prema ranom predškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju u različitim državama. Njihovo najvažnije otkriće je da alternativna Leitnerova tipologija "vrsta familijalizma" bolje objašnjava varijacije u stavovima o predškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju u različitim državama nego što to čini klasična Esping-Andersenova tipologija. Stoga naglašavaju važnost programatskog pristupa u analizama stavova socijalne države koji povezuju javnu podršku specifičnim socijalnim programima s njihovim jedinstvenim značajkama. U svojem radu Uvjerenja o rodnoj podjeli roditeljskih dopusta i značajke povezane s njima Ivana Jugović istražuje stavove o roditeljskom/porodiljnom dopustu i čimbenike koji objašnjavaju takve stavove u hrvatskom kontekstu. Kao prediktore tih stavova istražuje rodne razlike, uvjerenja o rodnim ulogama, socio-demografske podatke, pohađanje vjerskih obreda, vrstu radne organizacije i nejednakosti u dohocima partnera. Rezultati pokazuju da su stavovi o rodnim ulogama jedini statistički značajan prediktor. Što manje ispitanici vjeruju da bi rodna podjela poslova trebala biti podijeljena na tradicionalan način, to je veća vjerojatnost da će podržavati ravnomjernu podjelu dopusta između roditelja. Autorica smatra da je teorija rodne ideologije prikladnija za objašnjavanje stavova o rodnoj podjeli roditeljskog dopusta u usporedbi s teorijom vremenske alokacije. Zaključuje da do pomaka prema podržavanju korištenja dopusta na rodno ravnopravniji način vjerojatno neće doći sve dok stavovi o rodnim ulogama općenito ne postanu ravnopravniji. Napisan iz perspektive filozofije roda, treći rad U ime oca: rasprava o (novom) očinstvu, njegovim pretpostavkama i preprekama, autorice Ane Maskalan, spada u pionirske radove o očinstvu u hrvatskom kontekstu. Autorica započinje od temeljnih pojmova otac i očinstvo i njihovih doslovnih i simboličkih značenja, te daje kratki povijesni pregled kombiniran s odabranim teorijama o očinstvu. Autorica pronalazi prikladni kontekst za istraživanje modernog očinstva u povijesnoj povezanosti između očinstva, muškog identiteta i političke moći gdje tradicionalne odrednice muškosti, kao što su agresivnost i emocionalna distanciranost predstavljaju glavne prepreke ispunjavajućem i pozitivnom odnosu otac-dijete. O tom se odnosu djelomično raspravlja u okviru koncepta jednako roditeljsko partnerstvo, što ne ukazuje samo na nove oblike očinstva, nego isto tako i na nove oblike muškog identiteta. Analizirajući podatke o vrijednostima i praksama hrvatskih muškaraca i žena u pogledu skrbi o djeci iz istraživanja ISSP 2012 o obitelji i promjenjivim rodnim ulogama, autorica zaključuje da iako je došlo do brojnih pozitivnih promjena, pred hrvatskim društvom još je dugačak put do ravnopravnog roditeljstva i rodne jednakosti. Isto tako smatra da je važno uočiti da se očinstvo, kao predmet političke i pravne kontroverzije, ne može i ne smije razmatrati neovisno od širih rodnih pitanja povezanih s majčinstvom, socijalnim položajem muškaraca i žena, kao i socio-ekonomskim pretpostavkama očinstva i majčinstva. U svome radu Realizacija participatornih prava djece i psihosocijalna prilagodba djeteta: stavovi djece i roditelja Nina Pećnik, Jelena Matić i Ana Tokić Milaković nude zanimljivu međugeneracijsku perspektivu koristeći reprezentativne uzorke učenika sedmih razreda (trinaestogodišnjaka) i njihovih roditelja. Analizirale su percipiranu realizaciju prava djeteta na skrb, zaštitu i participaciju unutar modernih hrvatskih obitelji, veze između realizacije participatornih prava i dječje percepcije demokratske klime u njihovim obiteljima, kao i neke pokazatelje psihosocijalne prilagodbe djece. Autorice su koristile podatke o mjerenju realizacije prava djeteta unutar obitelji, upravljačkom stilu u obitelji, samopoštovanju, samokontroli, problematičnom ponašanju i djelotvornosti otpora. Oko polovice djece izvješćuje o potpunom poštivanju njihovih prava da slobodno izraze svoja mišljenja i ideje, kao i pravo da utječu na donošenje odluka koje utječu na njih. Procjene »upravljačkog stila« u njihovima obiteljima pokazuju da više od četvrtine djece doživljavaju svoje obitelji kao diktature, anarhije ili post-revolucionarne države. Autorice su povezale veću realizaciju participatornih prava s doživljavanjem vlastite obitelji kao demokracije, s višim samopoštovanjem djeteta i manje problematičnih ponašanja, sa češćim odupiranjem vršnjačkom pritisku da konzumiraju sredstva ovisnosti (cigarete, alkohol), kao i s roditeljskim opažanjem o većoj samokontroli djeteta. Roditelji, u usporedbi sa svojom djecom, pokazuju tendenciju precjenjivanja razine ispunjenja dječjih prava na zaštitu fizičkog integriteta, dostojanstva, sudjelovanja u odlučivanju i primanju brižne skrbi. Naposljetku, željela bih zahvaliti svim autoricama koje su doprinijele ovom tematskom broju i tako proširile naše znanje o promjenama u obitelji i rodnim ulogama u Hrvatskoj, ali i općenito. Isto tako, ovom bih prilikom željela potaknuti istraživače u Hrvatskoj da češće koriste ne samo modul Obitelj i promjenjive rodne uloge, nego i druge ISSP module u svojim analizama. Baza podataka ISSP nudi komparativne datoteke koje uključuju 33 modula za nacionalnu i međunacionalnu analizu, kao i analizu u vremenskoj perspektivi, a poveznica se može pronaći pod nazivom Archive and Data na www.issp.org. Gošća urednica tematskoga broja: Dinka Marinović Jerolimov ; During the second half of the twentieth century and especially over the past few decades our experience and understanding of family and gender roles has changed remarkably. Phenomena unthinkable to our grandparents nowadays are much more evident and socially acceptable: divorce, remarriage after divorce, cohabitation, experimental relationships, homosexual marriages or partnerships with or without children, single parent families, more democratic relations between parents and children, women's employment, paternity leave etc. Besides the increased variation in family forms and changed relationships inside the families, social scientist are interested in other issues that affect every society at the macro-level such as for instance the number of children in families or the issue of fertility rates and greying societies. While twenty or thirty years ago the important question concerning family life included women's employment and its consequences for the family, today the focus is more on work-life balance and how to reconcile the work and family life, together with gender roles in families and households. Still relevant both for the families and social science research, the question of women's paid job is widened with the gender roles, power distribution within the households with respect to paid work, unpaid household work, care responsibilities and furthermore, gender equality in both spheres of work. More complex analysis of these changes, besides using a general modernization processes as the framing context, should take into account social policies, employment policies and changing labour-market conditions as well. Social scientists are particularly interested in cross-cultural variations in order to understand and explain these interconnectedness and changes. That is the reason why the theme on family and changing gender roles has been researched in four waves within the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). The first module was run in 1988, the second in 1994 and the third in 2002. Selected data from the last 2012 ISSP module (fielded in Croatia in 2013) are basis for analysis in articles included in this thematic issue of the journal. About the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is the oldest continuing annual cross-national research within the social sciences. Its members are survey organizations from around the world, each representing one nation. Since 2005 the Institute for Social Research in Zagreb has been represented Republic of Croatia in the project. The ISSP covers a range of topics important within the social sciences (the role of government, social inequality, national identities, religion, health, work orientations, citizenship, environment, social networks, leisure time and sports) and implements rigorous standards of survey research in order to address the difficulties inherent in multinational survey research. Since its modest beginning in 1984 ISSP has grown to include 48 members, each of whom are responsible for the ISSP surveys being implemented in their country each year. The annual topics for ISSP surveys are developed over several years, led by an elected sub-committee (drafting group) and pre-tested in various member countries. The annual plenary meeting then discusses and finalize the questionnaire which is fielded in all countries. The ISSP research concentrates especially on developing questions that are: 1) meaningful and relevant to all countries, and 2) can be expressed in an equivalent manner in all relevant languages. The ISSP data archive situated in GESIS Data Archive for the Social Sciences at Leibnitz Institute in Köln prepares a combined dataset that is freely available. Many listed topics are repeated at regular intervals (some of them even three or four times), allowing researchers to examine cross-national variations and changes over time. ISSP marks several new departures in the area of cross-national research. First, the collaboration between organizations is routine and continual. Second, the on-going collaboration of the same institutions makes cross-national research a basic part of the national research agenda of each participating country. Third, ISSP principles require that all member institutions be involved in various phases of planning and designing survey modules, and each member has a say in decision making. Fourth, by combining a cross-time methodology with a cross-national perspective, two powerful research designs are being used to study societal processes. Topics of the 2012 module Family and changing gender roles include: gender ideology; attitudes and behavior on female employment over the life-cycle; attitudes towards marriage; organizing income in a partnership; gendered division of household work; sharing of household work - fairness and conflict; power and decision-making within partnership; work-family conflict; gender, care, and social policy; attitudes towards children; model of families concerning preferred and actual division of paid and unpaid work including time management in household; alternative family forms. Overview of the articles Selected data presented in three articles in this volume (partially or exclusively) deal with the 2012 fourth wave of the ISSP module Family and changing gender roles. Although not based on the ISSP data, the fourth article fits into the theme of the module and the thematic issue as well, offering on the other hand intergenerational comparison and psychosocial perspective. While three articles cover national (Croatian) level of analysis, Ivana Dobrotić and Tanja Vučković Juroš offer the cross-national (European) perspective in their article Who Should Finance Childcare? Multilevel Analysis of 24 Countries. They examine the effect of the individual and country-level factors on the childcare financing attitudes, particularly whether socialization in a particular welfare regime influences attitudes about the state's responsibility related to childcare. The authors also investigate whether a more family-policy-nuanced categorisation of welfare regimes better accounts for the cross-country variations in childcare attitudes. Their most important finding is that the alternative Leitner's "Varieties of Families" typology better accounts for the cross-national variations in childcare attitudes than the classical Esping-Anderson's typology. Therefore they emphasise the importance of a programmatic approach in the welfare state attitudes analysis which links the public support for specific social programs to its unique characteristics. In her article Beliefs about the Gender Division of Parental Leave and Characteristics Associated with Them Ivana Jugović explores attitudes about paternal/maternity leave and factors explaining these attitudes in Croatian context. As predictors of these attitudes she examines gender difference, gender-role beliefs, socio-demographics, church attendance, type of working organization and partners' income disparity. Results show the gender-role attitude as the only statistically significant predictor. The less the respondents believe that the gender division of labour should be traditionally divided, the more likely they are to support equally shared leave between parents. Author finds the gender ideology theory more applicable in the explanation of attitudes about the gender division of parental leave compared to time-allocation theory. She concludes that shifts towards supporting gender egalitarian leave take-up will most likely not occur until attitudes towards gender roles in general become more egalitarian. Written through a philosophy of gender perspective the third article In the Name of the Father: A Discussion on (New)Fatherhood, its Assumptions and Obstacles by Ana Maskalan is among pioneer works on fatherhood in Croatian context. Author starts with the basic concepts of father and fatherhood and their literal and symbolic meanings, together with a short historical overview combined with selected theories of fatherhood. The appropriate context to examine the modern fatherhood author finds in historical interdependence of fatherhood, masculine identity and political power where traditional determinants of masculinity, such as aggressiveness and emotional detachment represent a major obstacle to a fulfilling and positive father-child relationship. That relationship is partially discussed in relation to the concept of equal parental partnership, implying not only the new forms of fatherhood, but the new forms of masculine identity as well. Analysing the data on values and practices of Croatian men and women regarding childcare from ISSP 2012 survey on family and changing gender roles, author concludes that, although many positive changes have been made, Croatian society has got a long way to go to reach both equal parenting and gender equality. Also, she finds important to note that as a subject of political and legal controversy fatherhood cannot and must not be considered independently of the wider gender issues regarding motherhood, social status of men and women, as well as socio-economic assumptions of both fatherhood and motherhood. Ninoslava Pećnik, Jelena Matić and Ana Tokić Milaković in their article Fulfilment of the Child's Participation Rights in the Family and the Child's Psychosocial Adjustment: Children's and Parents' Views offer an interesting intergenerational perspective using the representative samples of seventh grade students (thirteen-year-olds) and their parents. They examined perceived fulfilment of the provision, protection and participation rights of the child within contemporary Croatian families, the links between participation rights fulfilment and children's perception of a democratic climate in their families, as well as some indicators of children's psychosocial adjustment. Authors used data on measures of the child's rights fulfilment in the family, family governing style, self-esteem, self-control, behaviour problem, and resistance efficacy. Approximately half of the children reported full respect of their right to freely express their opinions and ideas, and to influence decision making that affects them. Assessments of the 'governing style' in their families reveal that, over a quarter of children see their families as dictatorships, anarchies, or post-revolutionary states. Higher participation rights fulfilment Pećnik et al. find linked with perceiving own family as a democracy, child's report of higher self-esteem and fewer behaviour problems, more frequently resisting peer pressure to use substances (cigarettes, alcohol), as well as with parent's report of greater child's self-control. Parents, in comparison to their children, tend to overestimate the level of fulfilment of children's rights to protection of physical integrity, dignity, participation in decision-making and to receiving loving care. Finally, I wish to thank all authors who contributed to this thematic issue and widened our knowledge on changes in family and gender roles in Croatia but in general as well. Also, I encourage social scientist in Croatia to use in their analysis not only the module Family and changing gender roles but other ISSP modules as well more frequently. ISSP data base offers comparative files that include 33 modules for national, cross-national and cross-time analysis link to which can be found under Archive and Data at www.issp.org. Guest editor of the thematic issue: Dinka Marinović Jerolimov
In ihrer Dissertation geht Kathrin Schrader der Frage nach, welche Selbsttechnologien Frauen entwickeln, deren Lebensrealitäten von der Verschränkung von Drogenkonsum und Sexarbeit geprägt sind. Auf der Basis von acht Interviews mit drogengebrauchenden Sexarbeiterinnen analysiert sie mittels einer gouvernementalitätstheoretischen Perspektive und der Intersektionalen Mehrebenenanalyse die Handlungsfähigkeiten im Kontext massiver gesellschaftlicher Diskriminierungen in den Subjektkonstruktionen der interviewten Frauen. Auf diese Weise kann sie sehr überzeugend die Wechselwirkungen von gesellschaftlichen Strukturen, Stereotypen und Diskursen sowie Identitätskonstruktionen herausarbeiten und leistet somit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Dekonstruktion des gesellschaftlichen Umgangs mit dieser Gruppe. ; In her dissertation Kathrin Schrader researches the mechanisms of agency developed by women whose lives are defined by drug use and sex work. Based on eight interviews with drug-using female sex workers, she analyzes her interviewee's agency in the face of massive social discrimination and their subject construction from the perspective of governmentality theory and intersectional multi layered analysis. In this way she can convincingly point out interdependencies between social structures, stereotypes and discourses, as well as identify identity constructions. Her analysis constitutes an important contribution to the deconstruction of how society deals with this group.
Vorangetrieben von »Schwulen« selbst wurde seit dem 19. Jahrhundert das Konzept schwuler Identität durchgesetzt. Noch heute gelten »Sichtbarkeit« und »Identität« weithin als Schlüsselbegriffe politischer Kämpfe Homosexueller um Anerkennung und Respekt. Jedoch wird aktuell immer deutlicher, dass auf diese Weise ein Ordnungsregime entsteht, das auf Geschlechternorm, Weißsein, Bürgerlichkeit und Paarbeziehung basiert. So werden beispielsweise Queers of Color und Queers mit abweichenden Lebensentwürfen marginalisiert. Die Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes hinterfragen die Gewissheit, dass eine einheitliche schwule Identität existiert, aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven: bewegungsgeschichtlich, wissenschaftstheoretisch und mit Blick auf aktuelle gesellschaftliche Auseinandersetzungen um Homonationalismus und rassistische Gentrifizierung. ; Gay Visibility – Gay Identity. Critical Perspectives: In the 19th century »gays« themselves pushed forward the concept of gay identity. Until today »visibility« and »identity« count as key terms in the homosexuals' fights for recognition and respect. Recently it has become increasingly clear, however, that these concepts support a regime of order based on gender norms, whiteness, bourgeois ideals and the predominance of the couple, thus marginalizing, among others, queers of color and queers with alternative lifestyles. The authors of the book question the existence of a single gay identity from different perspectives: the history of the gay movement, the philosophy of science, and the analysis of current social controversies about homo-nationalism and racist gentrification.
Deliberation on the concepts of father and fatherhood and their literal and symbolic meanings makes the starting point of this paper. Furthermore, a short historical overview is combined with selected theories of fatherhood, which serve as a framework for placing the issues regarding modern fatherhood in the appropriate context. That context, it is concluded, rests on the historical interdependence of fatherhood, masculine identity and political power where traditional determinants of masculinity, such as aggressiveness and emotional detachment, represent a major obstacle to the fulfilling and positive father-child relationship. That relationship is partially discussed in relation to the concept of equal parental partnership, implying not only the new forms of fatherhood but the new forms of masculine identity as well. Unfortunately, there are still many obstacles to modern fatherhood, the most important one being gender inequality manifested through traditional male bread-winner and female child-rearer models. Subsequently data is provided on values and practices of Croatian men and women regarding childcare, that were collected and analysed in 2013 as part of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) and its survey on family and changing gender roles. The arising conclusion is that although many positive changes have been made the Croatian society has got a long way to go to both equal parenting and gender equality. Also, it is important to note that as a subject of political and legal controversy fatherhood cannot and must not be considered independently of the wider gender issues regarding motherhood, social status of men and women, as well as socio-economic assumptions of both fatherhood and motherhood. ; Razmatranje o pojmovima otac i očinstvo i njihovim doslovnim i simboličnim značenjima ishodište je ovoga rada. Nadalje, kratki povijesni pregled kombiniran je s odabranim teorijama očinstva koje služe kao okvir za smještanje pitanja povezanih s modernim očinstvom u prikladni kontekst. Zaključuje se da taj kontekst počiva na povijesnoj povezanosti između očinstva, muškog identiteta i političke moći gdje tradicionalne odrednice muškosti, kao što su agresivnost i emocionalna otuđenost predstavljaju glavne prepreke ispunjavajućem i pozitvnom odnosu otac-dijete. O tom se odnosu djelomično raspravlja u odnosu na koncept jednako roditeljsko partnerstvo, što ne ukazuje samo na nove oblike očinstva, nego isto tako i na nove oblike muškog identiteta. Nažalost, još uvijek postoje brojne prepreke modernom očinstvu, najvažnija od kojih je rodna nejednakost koja se manifestira putem modela tradicionalnog muškarca hranitelja obitelji i žene odgojiteljice djece. U nastavku se prikazuju podatci o vrijednostima i praksama hrvatskih muškaraca i žena u pogledu skrbi za djecu koji su prikupljeni i analizirani 2013. godine kao dio međunarodnog programa socijalnog istraživanja (International Social Survey Programme – ISSP) i istraživanja u sklopu istog o obitelji i rodnim ulogama koje se mijenjaju. Zaključak koji se nameće je da, usprkos tome što je došlo do brojnih promjena, pred hrvatskim društvom je još dugačak put do ravnopravnog roditeljstva i rodne jednakosti. Isto tako, važno je uočiti da se očinstvo, kao predmet političke i pravne kontroverzije, ne može i ne smije razmatrati neovisno od širih rodnih pitanja povezanih s majčinstvom, socijalnim položajem muškaraca i žena, kao i socio-ekonomskim pretpostavkama očinstva i majčinstva.
In her 1995 video I'm a Victim of This Song, Swiss contemporary video and installation artist Pipilotti Rist re-situates the absolute neutrality of Swissness, a neutrality naturalized as absolute by its routinized, political iconography correlating Switzerland's association with the Alps with a Rousseauian notion of natural, organic unity and identity. Popular imagination and normative rhetoric understands Switzerland as a coherent nation founded on its monumental, breathtaking, natural (non-man-made) thus neutral geography, which is accepted as giving Switzerland a national character of neutrality despite her pronounced cultural differences, accentuated by geographical differences, between its Swiss German, French, and Italian, and Romansch constituencies, and the regions where each group tends to be demographically dominant. In challenging the putative absolute neutrality of Swiss national identity, Rist also challenges the association of political identity with an exclusively male solidarity, and so the effacement of gender difference in what Lacan would call a purely phallic signifying economy, as embodied by the Swiss founding myth of the Eidgenossen. Rist situates the feminine as an equitable alternative to systems, arguably those of Europe and Western patriarchal discourse. Rist's video reassesses Freudian hysteria, the canonical treatment of feminine neurosis, and evokes the Platonic chora, a connection to a pre-Oedipal Ur-state of the psyche.
Die Masterarbeit "Utopische Geschlechterkonstellationen ? Der Umgang mit Geschlechterdifferenz in ausgewählten ?feministischen? Romanen der deutsch- und englischsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur" befasst sich mit der Aufhebung von Geschlechterkonventionen und anderen Diskriminierungsmechanismen in vier "feministisch"-utopischen Romanen der Gegenwartsliteratur. Die Analyse dieser Romane zielt darauf ab, die Arten von Subjektkonstitution und die verschiedenen Systementwürfe, die in ihnen durchgespielt werden, sowie Analogien zu bereits existierenden politischen Ideen und Konzepten zu untersuchen.Die Untersuchung ist methodologisch vorrangig an der Intersektionalitätstheorie nach Winker und Degele orientiert und behandelt die Identitätskonstruktionen, symbolischen Repräsentationen und sozioökonomischen Strukturen, die in den utopischen Modellen der Romane "Woman on the Edge of Time" von Marge Piercy, "The Dispossessed" von Ursula K. Le Guin, "Sweet America" von Marockh (später Christian) Lautenschlag und "Mama Moneta oder die Frauenfolge" von Wera Wendnagel präsentiert werden. Es soll ein Einblick in das komplexe Netzwerk von Machtmechanismen und Herrschaftsstrukturen gegeben werden, indem die Zusammenhänge zwischen den genannten drei Ebenen sozialer Praxen aufgezeigt werden und ihr Zusammenspiel in den alternativen Gesellschaftsentwürfen der vier AutorInnen einer detaillierten Betrachtung unterzogen wird.Bei der vergleichenden Analyse der vier utopischen Modelle zeigen sich zahlreiche Parallelen zu anarchistischen Theorien und Praxen, namentlich zu den Prinzipien und Gesellschaftskonzepten Michail Bakunins, Peter Kropotkins, Emma Goldmans, Silvio Gesells u. a.Die Verbindung von Anarchismus und Feminismus erweist sich als äußerst fruchtbar, da sie Methoden zur Verfügung stellt, die einen grundlegenden Bruch mit herkömmlichen Identitätskonzepten, Werten, Normen und Ideologien auf Basis herrschaftsminimierender und freiheitsmaximierender Systeme ermöglicht. ; The Master?s thesis "Utopian Gender Constellations ? Modes of Dealing with Gender Differences displayed in selected ?feminist? contemporary German and English Literature Novels" deals with the dissolution of gender roles and other discrimination mechanisms in four "feminist"-utopian contemporary literature novels. The analysis of these novels aims at examining the types of subject constitution and the different system designs simulated in them, as well as analogies with political ideas and concepts already in existence.The examination is methodologically primarily oriented towards intersectionality theory by Winker and Degele and covers identity constructions, symbolic representations and socio-economic structures as presented in the utopian models of the novels "Woman on the Edge of Time" by Marge Piercy, "The Dispossessed" by Ursula K. Le Guin, "Sweet America" by Marockh (later Christian) Lautenschlag and "Mama Moneta oder die Frauenfolge" by Wera Wendnagel. A view into the complex web of power mechanisms and structures of domination is given by revealing connections between the mentioned levels of social praxes and by having their interaction in the alternative societal ideas of the four authors undergo detailed consideration.In comparative analysis the four utopian models demonstrate numerous parallels to anarchist theories and praxes, in particular the principles and societal concepts of Michail Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman, Silvio Gesell a. o. The alliance of anarchism and feminism turns out to be exceedingly fertile since it provides methods that enable to break with customary concepts of identity, values, norms and ideologies which are based on systems minimising domination and maximising freedom. ; vorgelegt von Sophie Ambrosig ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassungen in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2014 ; (VLID)233597
Der österreichische Komponist Franz Schreker (1878 – 1934) zählte in der Weimarer Republik für kurze Zeit zu den erfolgreichsten Opernkomponisten deutscher Sprache. Bei genauerer Betrachtung der zeitgenössischen Aufführungs- und Kompositionskritiken über Schrekers Opernwerk zeigt sich, dass viele Kommentatoren den Komponisten auf der symbolhaften Ebene über nationsspezifische Geschlechterzuschreibungen zu einem ›undeutschen‹ bzw. ›effeminierten‹ Komponisten konstruierten. Schreker galt somit als Verkörperung eines inneren Anderen der deutschen Nation, der nicht nur ›feminisiert‹, sondern mit anderen Attributen der Devianz (Sexsismen, Rassismen, Pathologien) marginalisiert werden sollte. Anknüpfend an postmoderne Identitäts- und Nationalismustheorien untersucht diese Arbeit anhand eines diskursanalytischen Verfahrens am Beispiel der Schreker-Rezeption, welche Rolle die Kategorie Geschlecht auf dem Gebiet der Musik für die Stiftung der deutschen Nation im 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts gespielt hat. Sie leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis historischer Konstruktionsprozesse nationaler Identität bzw. Alterität sowie den damit verbundenen diskursiven Imaginationen von ›Männlichkeit‹ versus ›Weiblichkeit‹ im deutschen Musikdiskurs. Dabei geht die Untersuchung zugleich auf (Dis-)Kontinuitäten dieser Rezeptionsgeschichte nach 1945 sowohl in der BRD als auch in DDR ein. Schließlich belegt die Arbeit, auf welche Weise Schreker selbst in seinem Spätwerk, namentlich im Christophorus, künstlerisch auf die ihm zugeschriebenen Bilder eines ›effeminierten‹ Komponisten reagiert, diese in die Vorstellung devianter ›Männlichkeit‹ positiv umdeutet und in seine eigenes konstitutives Selbstbild integriert. Somit lässt sich Schrekers später ästhetischer Stil als eine Form der Selbstermächtigung verstehen, mit welcher der Komponist auf der Ebene der Kunst eine subversive Gegenposition zu dem normativen Identitätsbegriff des Deutschen in der Musik entwickelt. ; In the early 20th century, the Austrian composer Franz Schreker (1878-1934) ranked among the most renowned opera composers in German-speaking countries. Upon closer consideration however, contemporary reviews of his works and of their performances illustrate how numerous critics constructed Schreker, on a symbolic level, as a "Non-German" and "effeminate" composer through attributions of gender and national bias. Thus Schreker – who, in the eyes of his critics, epitomized an inner "other" of the German nation – has seen himself not only effiminated but also marginalized through attributions of deviance (sexisms, racisms, pathologies) imposed on him. Building on postmodern theories of nation and identity while using the example of the reception of Schreker, the present study examines by means of discourse analysis the role of gender in 19th- and 20th-century music in light of the founding of a single German nation. Designed as a scientific contribution to understanding historical construction processes of national identity and alterity as well as discursive imaginations of "masculinity" and "femininity" related to them, it is not limited to critical reviews during the composer's lifetime but does encompass the analysis of subsequent (dis-)continuities in post-war reception history both in the Federal Republic of Germany and in the German Democratic Republic. Essentially taking recourse to Christophorus, the study furthermore demonstrates how Schreker himself did not simply react to these attributions but positively redefined such imaginations of deviant masculinity and integrated them in his later work in an astoundingly creative way. The present thesis concludes with the finding that Schrekers later aesthetic style can be meticulously construed as a pattern of self-empowerment enabling the composer to develop a subversive counter-position to a normative notion of identity and Germanness in 20th-century music.
Die feministische Geographie verfolgt drei miteinander verbundene Anliegen: Als geographische Geschlechterforschung untersucht sie den Zusammenhang von gesellschaftlicher Räumlichkeit und Geschlechterverhältnissen. Im Rahmen wissenschaftstheoretischer Debatten werden Möglichkeiten der Integration feministischer und geographischer Theoriebildung gesucht. Disziplinpolitisch fokussiert sie bestehende Ungleichheitsverhältnisse und geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsteilungen in der Hochschulgeographie.
Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Transgenderthematik auf politischer, gesellschaftlicher und kultureller Ebene wird immer wieder auch medial verhandelt. Um Verständnis und Akzeptanz zu fördern und Diskriminierung und Transphobie entgegenzuwirken, gilt es, das Thema auch pädagogisch aufzuarbeiten. Die Thematik wird aus medizinischer, gesellschaftlicher und rechtlicher Perspektive dargelegt, um anschließend aufzuzeigen, inwiefern sie in der Lebenswelt von Jugendlichen und in der Schule vertreten ist. Dabei wird offensichtlich, dass hinsichtlich pädagogischer Ansätze in der Schule Nachholbedarf besteht. Um Jugendliche für die Identitätsherausforderungen von Transgendern zu sensibilisieren, eignet sich der US-amerikanische Spielfilm "Trans america", welcher hier insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Identitätsherausforderungen der Hauptcharaktere medienpädagogisch analysiert wird. In der abschließenden medienpädagogischen Einschätzung wird erörtert, inwiefern der Film auch im Unterricht eingesetzt werden kann. (DIPF/Orig.)
