Suchergebnisse

Digitalization changes the nature of work and the demands for competences of a modern employee, but the speed and volume of digitalization differ by type of economic activity. In the context of existing gender differentiation on the labor market, differences in the degree of digitalization lead to the fact that male and female types of employment change differently. The aim of the article is to determine the degree and features of digitalization of "women's" and "men's" spheres of employment and draw conclusions on the prospective impact of these differences on gender inequality. Data analysis concerning current gender differentiation on the labor market, the scale of occupational digitalization and the use of information technologies for various purposes allows us to conclude that both "male" and "female" professions are highly digitalized, but the nature of the changes is different. Data on the gender distribution in the areas of employment and the degree of digitalization of these areas allow us to distinguish 3 categories of women's participation in digital economy: 1. Household use of digital technologies; 2. Digital technologies use while performing labor functions; 3. Creation of digital technologies and direct participation in digitalization. The areas of women's primary employment (health care, information and communication, finance, education) are currently the leaders in employing digital technologies, so computer technologies penetrate more intensively into the professional activities of women than in "male" professions (for example, construction). However, in software development and digital technology management, women are less represented, acting as users of technologies created mainly by men. Since creation is primary related to usage, digitalization enhances gender inequality determining the innovative role for men and the user role for women, which should be taken into account while implementing policies aimed at overcoming inequality.

The purpose of the research is to identify the features of demographic aging in terms of gender problems in modern Russia. The most significant demographic transformation of the current century is the process of population aging. It is established that the distinctive characteristics of the demographic dynamics in our country are: changing age structure of the population against the background of low fertility connected with the second stage of depopulation in Russia; a significant lagging behind not only economically developed but also several developing countries in life expectancy for both women and men; prevailing demographic asymmetry by gender; low indicators of healthy life expectancy, which are calculated without taking into account the gender component; burden of age-related diseases accumulated by the age of 65. It is shown that in Russia the number of elderly and old women exceeds the number of their male coevals by more than 15 million. Social, technological, and demographic transformations impact the dynamics of social roles. The most important change is the growth of women in paid work throughout the world, including in Russia. And women of retirement age have a high risk of social isolation. For many Russian pensioners with low per capita income and no savings the main strategy is that of survival. So now the most topical problem is changing the stereotype of women's old age, associated with such concepts as lack of development, untidy appearance of a person without gender and desires that causes physical rejection.

The article analyzes the politics of gender diversification in Ukrainian companies and propose a strategy for improving the management of this area in the Ukrainian companies. The main problems of gender diversification policy for Ukrainian companies to further improve the system of granting equal rights and opportunities for people of different sexes. Politics gender diversification Ukrainian companies rather poorly studied so far as in their reports, Ukrainian companies have begun to attach much importance on gender equality in its strategy only since 2005, after the publication of the first non-financial report. The article discussed in more detail on this aspect of the example of companies such as Metinvest, DTEK and SCM. Based on the analysis of gender diversification strategy proposed for Ukrainian companies. ; В статье проведен анализ политики гендерной диверсификации в компаниях Украины и предложена стратегия совершенствования данного направления менеджмента в украинских компаниях. Выявлены основные проблемы политики гендерной диверсификации для украинских компаний с целью дальнейшего усовершенствования системы предоставления равных прав и возможностей представителям разных полов. Политика гендерной диверсификации компаний Украины достаточно слабо пока исследована, так как в своих отчетах украинские компании начали придавать весомое значение вопросу гендерного равенства в своей стратегии лишь начиная с 2005 года, с момента публикации первого нефинансового отчета. В статье более детально рассмотрен данный аспект на примере таких компаний как Метинвест, ДТЭК и СКМ. На основе проведенного анализа предложена стратегия гендерной диверсификации для украинских компаний. ; У статті проведено аналіз політики гендерної диверсифікації в компаніях України і запропонована стратегія вдосконалення даного напрямку менеджменту в українських компаніях. Виявлено основні проблеми політики гендерної диверсифікації для українських компаній з метою подальшого удосконалення системи надання рівних прав і можливостей представникам різних статей. Політика гендерної диверсифікації компаній України досить слабо поки досліджена, тому що в своїх звітах українські компанії почали надавати вагоме значення питанню гендерної рівності у своїй стратегії лише починаючи з 2005 року, з моменту публікації першого нефінансового звіту. У статті більш детально розглянуто даний аспект на прикладі таких компаній як Метінвест, ДТЕК і СКМ. На основі проведеного аналізу запропонована стратегія гендерної диверсифікації для українських компаній.

The article discusses the gender aspects of health, proceeding from the assumption that taking them into account is likely to increase the effectiveness of motivational measures in the field of forming healthy lifestyles. The methodological basis of this paper is the concept of health promotion supported by WHO that is based on intersectoral and interdisciplinary approaches. It incorporates both a certain system of values, primarily active involvement of people in maintaining their health, and a set of state activities, among which motivating people to healthy lifestyles is important. Behavioral economics as an area of an interdisciplinary research on decision-making substantiates the mechanisms that should be used, among other things, to achieve the goals of healthcare policy, and to solve such problems of modern society as lack of physical activity, tobacco and alcohol abuse, and unhealthy diet.Gender approach that includes gender aspects in the process of analyzing the situation and making political decisions aimed at improving population health becomes a precondition for increasing the effectiveness of motivational measures taken in the interests of promoting the health of citizens. The results of the surveys on the impact of behavioral factors on the health status of the population of Russia conducted by the Russian statistical agency (Rosstat) in 2013 and 2018 were used as a source of empirical data. They made it possible to identify both the differences and the similarities of women and men with regard to behavior motives concerning certain parameters of a healthy lifestyle, namely physical activities and diet. The authors conclude that, despite the importance of using measures aimed at changing behavior, sustainable overcoming of gender stereotypes depends on the intersection of behavioral and socio-economic determinants of health and healthy behavior.

The article is dedicated to analysis of the impact made by a considerable shift in the gender consciousness of Russians over the past two decades, in terms of the actual distribution of gender roles in family and the role of persisting gender stereotypes in the existing gender order of things, as well as the prospects for further development of gender relations based on sociological research. Research findings reveal contradictions between the gender consciousness and the actual distribution of family responsibilities. It emphasizes the importance of satisfaction with marital relations being a contributory factor for maintaining and strengthening family, which is largely and in part based on satisfaction with the distribution of domestic work. In the article the gender stereotypes and attitudes of young people are analysed, and the fact of a more widespread occurrence of egalitarian ideas of distribution of gender roles in family among young people in comparison with other age groups is revealed. Different attitudes to gender stereotypes among young people depending on their gender are also presented by the authors, in particular, a greater commitment to gender stereotypes of young men as compared to young women. The article states that young men more often share traditional attitudes to the distribution of gender roles in family, that is most likely a consequence of the conditions of gender socialization in family, and, perhaps to a degree a result of the media campaign launched to promote traditional gender roles and stereotypes as the cultural code improperly assigned to our people. The authors emphasize the need to study the impact of the lockdown regime on gender relations in family and thus on modern Russian family, since lack of data does not allow us to draw any reasonable conclusions about the impact of these emergency circumstances on the lives of various family types yet.

The article analyzed the formation of social space in gaming practices in terms of gender asymmetry, we study the influence of these particular types of toys to the social space. As a basic model of the game, we consider Irwin Hoffman's frame model.

A new policy has been met with widespread anger among Yemenis, who describe it as a regressive, patriarchal decision that threatens women's educational opportunities.

"Many of the women whose names are known to history from Classical Athens were metics or immigrants, linked in the literature with assumptions of being 'sexually exploitable.' Despite recent scholarship on women in Athens beyond notions of the 'citizen wife' and the 'common prostitute,' the scholarship on women, both citizen and foreign, is focused almost exclusively on women in the reproductive and sexual economy of the city. This book examines the position of metic women in Classical Athens, to understand the social and economic role of metic women in the city, beyond the sexual labor market. This book contributes to two important aspects of the history of life in 5th century Athens: it explores our knowledge of metics, a little-researched group, and contributes to the study if women in antiquity, which has traditionally divided women socially between citizen-wives and everyone else. This tradition has wrongly situated metic women, because they could not legally be wives, as some variety of whores. Author Rebecca Kennedy critiques the traditional approach to the study of women through an examination of primary literature on non-citizen women in the Classical period. She then constructs new approaches to the study of metic women in Classical Athens that fit the evidence and open up further paths for exploration. This leading-edge volume advances the study of women beyond their sexual status and breaks down the ideological constraints that both Victorians and feminist scholars reacting to them have historically relied upon throughout the study of women in antiquity"--

В статье приведен анализ гендерных особенностей мышления в педагогической практике с применением анкетирования в онлайн-формате. Актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что гендер - это социальный пол, т. е. его основные характеристики приобретаются в процессе социализации личности. В статье рассмотрены маскулинный, фемининный и андрогинный типы личности в контексте гендерного подхода, при этом акцент сделан на андрогинности как способности личности адаптироваться к новым профессиональным и жизненным условиям, аккумулируя черты маскулинного и фемининного типов, что способствует лучшей адаптации к преодолению стресса. Рассмотрены позиции отечественных и зарубежных специалистов относительно изучения гендерных особенностей мышления. Ведущими методами исследования явились анкетирование и когнитивный анализ, позволяющий систематизировать и типологизировать знания об исследуемом объекте. В ходе работы установлено, что ведущими стилями мышления у студентов являются аналитический, реалистический и прагматический стили, позволяющие добиваться максимально высоких результатов обучения. Синтетический и идеалистический стили проявляются эпизодически, недостаточно ярко выражены. Сформулированы дидактические принципы, которые позволят педагогу максимально раскрыть учебный/творческий потенциал студентов с маскулинным и фемининным типами личности с учетом гендерного подхода.
The article provides the analysis of gender features of the way of thinking in pedagogical practice with introduction of questionnaires in the online format. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that gender is a "social sex", i.e. its basic characteristics are obtained in the process of socialization. The article considers masculine, feminine, and androgyne types of a personality in the context of gender approach, and stresses on androgyny as a capacity of a personality to adapt to new professional and vital conditions, as well as to overcome stress easier. The author treats scientific ideas of Russian and foreign researchers on the issue of gender features of the way of thinking. The key methods of research are questionnaire and cognitive analysis, which allows to systemize and typologize an issued object. The author found out that analytical, realistic and pragmatic way of thinking are typical for students, and allow them to achieve the highest results in learning. Synthetic and idealistic styles of thinking can be traced episodically, they are not so much represented. Didactic principles are formulated, which allow to reveal study and creative potential of students with masculine type of personality and students with feminine type of personality, taking into consideration gender approach. The article is intended for scientists and practicing teachers in the sphere of gender approach in education.