Suchergebnisse

O presente artigo propõe uma análise de dois textos clássicos da Antiguidade grega,As Bacantesde Eurípedes e a República de Platão, à luz da teoria contemporânea degender performativityde Judith Butler. O conceito degender performativityserá apropriado para ilustrar analogamente, mesmo que de forma anacrônica, o quanto que o imaginário grego, apesar de temporalmente distante, pode nos apresentar – seja a partir do discurso filosófico, seja a partir do discurso literário da tragédia grega – bons exemplos para uma das teorias mais sofisticadas, diríamos, no campo dos estudos de gênero hoje. A proposta é a de mostrar de que modo o conteúdo desses dois textos nos permite compreender o debate contemporâneo da teoria crítica das identidades de gênero. Trata-se de identidades fixadas em atos performativos que conformam o gênero ao sexo anatômico, limitando-o a duas possibilidades: masculino ou feminino. Considerando o contexto histórico e as questões que são próprias do mundo grego antigo, a análise aqui proposta nos permitirá jogar luz, especialmente, nas estratégias que Platão e Eurípedes empreenderam no sentido de deslocar as normas de gênero constituídas napólis. O exame dos textos permitiu-nos identificar que na antiguidade, mas também na contemporaneidade, mesmo que de forma diferente, as discussões das relações de gênero estão ajustadas, principalmente, pelo discurso político a respeito dessas relações. ; The current article draws on Judith Butler's gender performativity theory to analyse two classical text of Greek Antiquity – theBacchaeby Euripides and TheRepublicby Plato. The concept of gender performativity will be used to illustrate analogously even anachronically, how much the Greek imaginary, in spite of being temporally distant, can fruitfully contribute to, what we would identify as one of the most sophisticated contemporary theories in contemporary gender studies, both as this imaginary emerges from the literary discourse of the tragedy or the discourse of philosophy. This will allow us to show how the two above mentioned texts can contribute to the contemporary debate on the critical theory of gender identity, as these are fixed in performative acts that make gender conform to anatomic sex, limiting gender to the two possibilities of masculine or feminine. Considering the historical context and the question that are specific to the world of Ancient Greece, our analysis will permit us to cast light, in particular, on the strategies that Plato and Euripides drew on to disrupt the gender norms of the polis. Examining the texts allows us to argue that in antiquity, as well as in the contemporary world, albeit in different ways, discussions of gender relations are fitted primarily by the political discourse regarding these relations.

O presente artigo propõe uma análise de dois textos clássicos da Antiguidade grega, As Bacantes de Eurípedes e a República de Platão, à luz da teoria contemporânea de gender performativity de Judith Butler. O conceito de gender performativity será apropriado para ilustrar analogamente, mesmo que de forma anacrônica, o quanto que o imaginário grego, apesar de temporalmente distante, pode nos apresentar – seja a partir do discurso filosófico, seja a partir do discurso literário da tragédia grega – bons exemplos para uma das teorias mais sofisticadas, diríamos, no campo dos estudos de gênero hoje. A proposta é a de mostrar de que modo o conteúdo desses dois textos nos permite compreender o debate contemporâneo da teoria crítica das identidades de gênero. Trata-se de identidades fixadas em atos performativos que conformam o gênero ao sexo anatômico, limitando-o a duas possibilidades: masculino ou feminino. Considerando o contexto histórico e as questões que são próprias do mundo grego antigo, a análise aqui proposta nos permitirá jogar luz, especialmente, nas estratégias que Platão e Eurípedes empreenderam no sentido de deslocar as normas de gênero constituídas na pólis. O exame dos textos permitiu-nos identificar que na antiguidade, mas também na contemporaneidade, mesmo que de forma diferente, as discussões das relações de gênero estão ajustadas, principalmente, pelo discurso político a respeito dessas relações. ; The current article draws on Judith Butler's gender performativity theory to analyse two classical text of Greek Antiquity – the Bacchae by Euripides and The Republic by Plato. The concept of gender performativity will be used to illustrate analogously even anachronically, how much the Greek imaginary, in spite of being temporally distant, can fruitfully contribute to, what we would identify as one of the most sophisticated contemporary theories in contemporary gender studies, both as this imaginary emerges from the literary discourse of the tragedy or the discourse of philosophy. This will allow us to show how the two above mentioned texts can contribute to the contemporary debate on the critical theory of gender identity, as these are fixed in performative acts that make gender conform to anatomic sex, limiting gender to the two possibilities of masculine or feminine. Considering the historical context and the question that are specific to the world of Ancient Greece, our analysis will permit us to cast light, in particular, on the strategies that Plato and Euripides drew on to disrupt the gender norms of the polis. Examining the texts allows us to argue that in antiquity, as well as in the contemporary world, albeit in different ways, discussions of gender relations are fitted primarily by the political discourse regarding these relations.

A família faz a mediação entre a sociedade e o indivíduo. Ela possui lógica própria, limitações de tempo e espaço e uma mitologia que se adaptam a condições socioeconômicas variáveis. Por outro lado, as sociedades ocidentais contemporâneas são famosas pela capacidade de integrar novas práticas culturais, inclusive aquelas originalmente opostas às normas dominantes. A família também é, obviamente, um locus de relações de gênero. O aparecimento da guarda compartilhada como prática contracultural ressaltou a normalização da separação conjugal e do divórcio, assim como o desejo de criar os filhos de acordo com papéis de gênero antes simétricos do que diferenciados. No Quebec, a guarda compartilhada de alguma forma se transformou em modelo para a igualdade de gênero, influenciando os papéis parentais e as relações entre homens e mulheres mesmo em famílias intactas. Mas será que o surgimento da guarda compartilhada como modelo cultural significa uma redução das desigualdades de gênero no interior da família? O presente artigo analisará as novas transformações dos papéis parentais heterossexuais com base nos dados empíricos de uma pesquisa no Quebec (Côté, 2000; 2004; 2006; 2010; 2012). O novo modelo da família baseado numa idealização da guarda compartilhada integra os conceitos contemporâneos da família como um grupo de indivíduos unidos por escolha e negociação, e não por casamento e dever. Ele também acomoda recentes evoluções de gênero: fluidez de identidades e papéis, pluralidade de experiências e maior mobilidade para as mulheres. No entanto, ao contrário de mitos comuns, essa modernização do espaço doméstico baseada na simetria dos papéis parentais e de gênero também cria novos tipos de regulamentações e constrangimentos que perpetuam e "modernizam" desigualdades. É o que será aqui apresentado e discutido.

The struggles for independence in Latin America during the first half of the nineteenth century were accompanied by a wide-ranging debate about political rights, nationality and citizenship. In South American Independence, Catherine Davies, Claire Brewster and Hilary Owen investigate the neglected role of gender in that discussion. Examining women writers from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Colombia, the book traces the contradictions inherent in revolutionary movements that, while arguing for the rights of all, remained ambivalent, at best, about the place of women. Through studies of both published and unpublished writings, South American Independence reveals the complex role of women in shaping the vexed ideologies of independence

The publication was compiled to provide the Lithuanian reader with a comprehensive understanding of gender responsive economic initiatives. It provides a conceptual and theoretical framework, traces the evolution of work in this area, shows how gender economics and gender analysis have been used as a tool of a more efficient allocation of economic resources. The article outlines and discusses the main gender problems and their impact into the government economic policy not only on the micro– but on the macro level too. It is the discussion about the gender responsive budget, trade liberalisation and gender impact into the trade liberalisation and gender responsive financial policy. The author concludes the integration and implementation of the gender analysis into the Lithuanian government economic policy could accelerate the sustainable economic growth and soften the consequences of globalisation process.

The publication was compiled to provide the Lithuanian reader with a comprehensive understanding of gender responsive economic initiatives. It provides a conceptual and theoretical framework, traces the evolution of work in this area, shows how gender economics and gender analysis have been used as a tool of a more efficient allocation of economic resources. The article outlines and discusses the main gender problems and their impact into the government economic policy not only on the micro– but on the macro level too. It is the discussion about the gender responsive budget, trade liberalisation and gender impact into the trade liberalisation and gender responsive financial policy. The author concludes the integration and implementation of the gender analysis into the Lithuanian government economic policy could accelerate the sustainable economic growth and soften the consequences of globalisation process.

The article examine the entrepreneurship and small and medium business (SMB) concept, shows the role of SMBs in Lithuanian economy. The article discusses the labour market employment policy in gender equality aspect. The summarized results of Eurostat survey (2007) on small and medium business success factors in Lithuania and the European Union countries are presented. [.]

The article examine the entrepreneurship and small and medium business (SMB) concept, shows the role of SMBs in Lithuanian economy. The article discusses the labour market employment policy in gender equality aspect. The summarized results of Eurostat survey (2007) on small and medium business success factors in Lithuania and the European Union countries are presented. [.]

The article examine the entrepreneurship and small and medium business (SMB) concept, shows the role of SMBs in Lithuanian economy. The article discusses the labour market employment policy in gender equality aspect. The summarized results of Eurostat survey (2007) on small and medium business success factors in Lithuania and the European Union countries are presented. [.]

The article examine the entrepreneurship and small and medium business (SMB) concept, shows the role of SMBs in Lithuanian economy. The article discusses the labour market employment policy in gender equality aspect. The summarized results of Eurostat survey (2007) on small and medium business success factors in Lithuania and the European Union countries are presented. [.]

The common reference to the Baltic States as a single geopolitical entity conceals the actual differences between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The article aims to outline the principal similarities and differences between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the field of gender equality politics developed within gender mainstreaming approach in attempt to better understanding of the current gender gaps in these countries. The research focuses on how national gender equality machineries were (re)constructed in accordance with international commitments to the UN and the EU after the restoration of independence in the Baltic States. It is demonstrated that differences between the Baltic States in the institutionalization of the contemporary structure of gender equality machinery were overcome once they became EU members. The current outcomes of gender equality politics are described on the basis of the Global Gender Gap Report 2017. The empirical data are provided for three Baltic States by analysing their gender gaps in four spheres ñ Economic participation and opportunity, Education attainment, Political empowerment and Health and survival. According to the Global Gender Gap Index, the Baltic States are among the EU Member States with the average / slightly above-average gender equality. The article argues that confirmation of the institutionalization of the contemporary gender equality machinery, the content of national governmental activities and the predominant relationship model with civil society in the Baltic States indicate that gender mainstreaming is likely yet another and the most recent social policy tool for the management of human resources. Thus, Latvia usually demonstrates a minimal attachment to gender mainstreaming. Moreover, Latvia has regressed somewhat in this respect in 2013. However, current Latvia can be considered as having more equality than Lithuania and Estonia. Among all countries participated in the research in 2017, Latvia ranks 10th, Lithuania, accordingly, 12th, and Estonia, accordingly, 16th. The case of Latvia levering the rank up due to positive trends in closing gender gaps in both Economic Participation and Opportunity and Political Empowerment subindexes confirms an assumption that rather social changes related to national demographical and economic development than merely technocratic sophistication of gender equality politics has a profound impact on current statistical indexes related to gender equality

The common reference to the Baltic States as a single geopolitical entity conceals the actual differences between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The article aims to outline the principal similarities and differences between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the field of gender equality politics developed within gender mainstreaming approach in attempt to better understanding of the current gender gaps in these countries. The research focuses on how national gender equality machineries were (re)constructed in accordance with international commitments to the UN and the EU after the restoration of independence in the Baltic States. It is demonstrated that differences between the Baltic States in the institutionalization of the contemporary structure of gender equality machinery were overcome once they became EU members. The current outcomes of gender equality politics are described on the basis of the Global Gender Gap Report 2017. The empirical data are provided for three Baltic States by analysing their gender gaps in four spheres ñ Economic participation and opportunity, Education attainment, Political empowerment and Health and survival. According to the Global Gender Gap Index, the Baltic States are among the EU Member States with the average / slightly above-average gender equality. The article argues that confirmation of the institutionalization of the contemporary gender equality machinery, the content of national governmental activities and the predominant relationship model with civil society in the Baltic States indicate that gender mainstreaming is likely yet another and the most recent social policy tool for the management of human resources. Thus, Latvia usually demonstrates a minimal attachment to gender mainstreaming. Moreover, Latvia has regressed somewhat in this respect in 2013. However, current Latvia can be considered as having more equality than Lithuania and Estonia. Among all countries participated in the research in 2017, Latvia ranks 10th, Lithuania, accordingly, 12th, and Estonia, accordingly, 16th. The case of Latvia levering the rank up due to positive trends in closing gender gaps in both Economic Participation and Opportunity and Political Empowerment subindexes confirms an assumption that rather social changes related to national demographical and economic development than merely technocratic sophistication of gender equality politics has a profound impact on current statistical indexes related to gender equality

The common reference to the Baltic States as a single geopolitical entity conceals the actual differences between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The article aims to outline the principal similarities and differences between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the field of gender equality politics developed within gender mainstreaming approach in attempt to better understanding of the current gender gaps in these countries. The research focuses on how national gender equality machineries were (re)constructed in accordance with international commitments to the UN and the EU after the restoration of independence in the Baltic States. It is demonstrated that differences between the Baltic States in the institutionalization of the contemporary structure of gender equality machinery were overcome once they became EU members. The current outcomes of gender equality politics are described on the basis of the Global Gender Gap Report 2017. The empirical data are provided for three Baltic States by analysing their gender gaps in four spheres ñ Economic participation and opportunity, Education attainment, Political empowerment and Health and survival. According to the Global Gender Gap Index, the Baltic States are among the EU Member States with the average / slightly above-average gender equality. The article argues that confirmation of the institutionalization of the contemporary gender equality machinery, the content of national governmental activities and the predominant relationship model with civil society in the Baltic States indicate that gender mainstreaming is likely yet another and the most recent social policy tool for the management of human resources. Thus, Latvia usually demonstrates a minimal attachment to gender mainstreaming. Moreover, Latvia has regressed somewhat in this respect in 2013. However, current Latvia can be considered as having more equality than Lithuania and Estonia. Among all countries participated in the research in 2017, Latvia ranks 10th, Lithuania, accordingly, 12th, and Estonia, accordingly, 16th. The case of Latvia levering the rank up due to positive trends in closing gender gaps in both Economic Participation and Opportunity and Political Empowerment subindexes confirms an assumption that rather social changes related to national demographical and economic development than merely technocratic sophistication of gender equality politics has a profound impact on current statistical indexes related to gender equality