Suchergebnisse

This article's topic is the analysis of the family influence on the choice of such an educational route for children as studying at an online school. The relevance of the research is connected with the development of online education in Russia and around the world, the digitalization of the educational sphere. The main attention is paid to the position of the older generation of the family — the grandparents of students — to the admission of grandchildren to online schools. Other research goals are the advantages and disadvantages of online education, the participation of the older generation in the implementation of the educational route for children in online schools, the Internet forum as a method of digital empirical sociology.
There was an examination of statements of the participants of the Internet forum, where representatives of the older generation of the family, who chose online education for children, discussed a new educational format. The authors have developed a classification of thematic leitmotives of that conversation. Structuring of texts was carried out with the help of Russian specialized computer programs.
It was found out that grandparents of online school students evaluate their grandchildren's education in two ways: a mixed position prevails, in which informants look for the pros and cons of education. It was discovered that the older generation is actively involved in the implementation of the educational route of grandchildren studying in online schools. The most popular leitmotives on the Internet forum were the comfort of learning, free time, improved health of children and an opportunity to prepare qualitatively for final exams. The least significant topics are replenishment of cultural capital and communication.
The methodological analysis of the Internet forum as a method of collecting and analyzing sociological information is conducted. The empirical approach simplifies access to informants and the field stage of the study. The main problem was the complexity and ambiguity of the classification of the content of unstructured texts received on the Internet forum.
The results of the project can be applied in different areas of social policy. Recommendations have been prepared for the federal program "Digital Economy in the Russian Federation" (2019–2024). In addition, it is important to provide families who have chosen online education for their children (through NGOs, mass media, publications in scientific publications) with up-to-date information. Practical effect for the sociology of culture, sociology of education, sociology of the family is the methodological justification and approbation of digital empirical methods. An additional scope of application of the results is training courses for students of sociological specialties.

В статье поднимается проблема дуализма художественного пространства романа Виктора Пелевина «Generation "П"», которое представлено субъективной и объективной реальностью. Понятие «субъективная и объективная реальность» ввел в философский язык Д. И. Дубровский в 1968 году. Автор утверждает, что это понятие характерно для современной русской прозы. В работе наглядно иллюстрируется, как олицетворением художественного пространства потребительского общества становятся город Москва и средства масс-медиа (реклама, телевидение, мировая компьютерная сеть). Научная новизна работы заключается в том, что впервые художественное пространство романа рассматривается с точки зрения дуализма реальностей. Автор отмечает, что рецептивная эстетика романа состоит из интертекстуальных связей, рассчитанных на разные уровни восприятия. Исследование показало, что в произведении русского постмодернистаВ. Пелевина художественное пространство состоит не только из одного вещественного мира, но и из телевизионной и психоделической реальности. На границе двух реальностей в сознании главного героя возникают вавилонские ассоциации. Структура художественного пространства в романе обусловлена городской средой. Москва в романе впитывает «петербургский миф», автор подчеркивает тревожность городского пейзажа. Результаты исследования имеют практическое значение и могут быть использованы в вузовских курсах по истории современной литературы.
The article raises the problem of dualism of the artistic space of Victor Pelevin's novel "Generation 'P'", which is represented by subjective and objective reality. The concept "subjective and objective reality" was introduced into the philosophical circulation by D. Dubrovsky in 1968. The author claims that this concept is characteristic of modern Russian prose. The work clearly illustrates how the city of Moscow and the mass media (advertising, television, world computer network) become the personification of the artistic space of the consumer society. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the artistic space of the novel is considered from the point of view of the dualism of realities. The author notes that the receptive aesthetics of the novel consists of intertextual connections designed for different levels of perception. The study showed that in the work of the Russian postmodernist V. Pelevin, the artistic space does not consist of one material world, but of television and psychedelic reality. On the border of two realities, Babylonian associations arise in the mind of the protagonist. The structure of the artistic space in the novel is determined by the urban environment. Moscow in the novel absorbs the "Petersburg myth", the author emphasizes the uneasiness of the urban landscape. The research results are of practical importance and can be used in university courses on the history of modern literature

This article is about developing a sociological approach towards generational cohort analysis. The previously examined generation of millennials is divided into two age cohorts. A specific group of so-called "3S" millennials ("smartphones", "social media", "slump in the economy") is distinguished. This younger generation entered their period of adulthood starting in the year of 2008, which was marked by continuous economic recession and a broad dissemination of new technologies and digital consumer services. Data was gathered from the annual Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS–HSE) for the years 1994–2018. The obtained results show a divide within the millennial generation, measured by a multiplicity of social indicators along with the preservation of many inter-generational differences. In part one of the paper published in this issue of the journal, we reveal that the younger "3S" generation of millennials has been dealing with new digital technologies since their early adolescent years. They are better educated, have more educated parents, and often postpone important decisions like marriage, first pregnancy, having children, employment in the labor market. Many intra- and intergenerational differences remain stable during the observation period when controlling for age and other standard variables.

A comparative analysis of the social adaptation of the younger and older generations of workers in modern Russia is undertaken based on the combined RLMS-HSE data set (1994–2019) and the primary data of two studies at a specific industrial enterprise. Intergenerational differences in the effectiveness of social adaptation of two generations of Russian workers during 2006–19 is studied. The younger generation includes workers born in 1985 and later. Their socialization was carried out mainly already in post-Soviet Russia, and the entry into working age took place in the 2000s. The older generation is formed by workers born no later than 1984. To assess the effectiveness of social adaptation of two generations of workers, indicators of satisfaction with work, material situation and life in general is used. The ways of market adjustment, that served as additional sources of income, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of the social adaptation of workers in 2014–19, that is, against the background of a decrease in real money incomes of the population. During these years, along with the dynamics of the most important indicators of the social well-being of workers at a particular industrial enterprise in Omsk (the regional center of the Russian Federation), the dynamics of three active ways of their social adaptation (agricultural labor on a land plot, secondary employment, educational activity) are revealed. It has been found that intergenerational differences in the effectiveness of social adaptation of Russian workers are insignificant, and since 2013 there have been no statistically significant differences in job satisfaction and satisfaction with the material situation. In 2015-16 and in 2019, there were also no intergenerational differences in life satisfaction in general. The work shows that the social and economic situation in the country has a predominant impact on the social adaptation of the younger and older generations of workers. Important factors that determine the success of social adaptation are the living conditions at the place of residence (in a settlement of a certain type) and the general situation at the main job.

The article attempts to analytically describe the theme of a poetic generation in the works by Anna Akhmatova. The study considers the methodology and methods of analysis of a literary generation, proposed by V. S. Varshavsky, describing the levels in which the image of a generation can be described: its worldview, social, political, economic, as well as historical levels. However, the character of the material allowed the authors to actively use the category of creative behaviour, and, secondly, to focus on the "drama of the pronouns" in Akhmatova's lyrical poetry as one of the methods of the generational theme realization, and on the poetics of incompleteness that characterises her later works, where one can find the new things that Akhmatova introduced into the Russian literary tradition when developing the topic of literary generations. Following the analysis, the authors conclude that in her later works, whose value is memory, Akhmatova insists on the repeatability and, as a consequence, the incompleteness of life, fate, and poetry, which manifest themselves in new generations over and over again. In this sense, Akhmatova's creative behaviour and her poetry modify the Russian tradition of reflection on the fate of every poetic generation as exceptionally tragic that directly refers to her poetic concept of the invincibility of the poetic word. ; В статье предпринята попытка аналитического описания темы поэтического поколения в творчестве Анны Ахматовой. Предлагаемое исследование учитывает методологию и методику анализа литературного поколения, предложенную в свое время В. С. Варшавским, характеризуя те уровни, при помощи которых можно описать лицо поколения: миросозерцательный, общественный, политический, социально-экономический, исторический. Однако специфика материала позволила авторам, во-первых, активнее подключить категорию творческого поведения, во-вторых, сосредоточиться на своеобразной «драме местоимений» в лирике А. Ахматовой как одном из приемов воплощения поколенческой темы и поэтике незавершенного, свойственной позднему творчеству, в рамках которого обнаруживается то новое, что предложила Ахматова в традицию отечественной словесности при разработке темы литературных поколений. В результате разработки названных научных сюжетов делается вывод о том, что в позднем творчестве, одной из главных ценностей которого становится память, А. Ахматова настаивает на повторяемости и, как следствие, незавершенности жизни, судьбы, поэзии, которые вновь и вновь являют себя в новых поколениях. В этом смысле творческое поведение А. Ахматовой и ее поэзия существенно корректируют русскую традицию осмысления судьбы каждого поэтического по- коления как исключительно трагическую, что прямо отсылает к ее поэтической концепции непобедимости поэтического слова.

The paper attempts to analyze artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data phenomenon as institutions of new technological generation of economy, referring to A. P. Loktev's concept of 'Internet as metainstitution'. The represented institutional conception of artificial intelligence is based on A. A. Zinoviev's fundamental intellectology study as an integrated set of all sciences. The authors confirm that weakening of natural intelligence in the contemporary world is offset by artificial intelligence development within the framework of digit-induced technology. The research evolves Yu.M. Osipov's thesis that artificial intelligence is closer to modern neuro=cyber=technicized human being than to robotized technics as it is. The article provides the findings on artificial intelligence and Big Data drawing on evidence from Russia and some European countries. The authors identify the reasons for institutional traps mostly presented in the form of inefficient institutions that run contrary to certain human rights and emerge with introduction of artificial intelligence into the economic activity.

This is an abridged version of the paper the author gave at the session of the Russian Intellectual Club at Moscow University of the Humanities on May 25, 2016. The topic of the session was "Personality development (vospitanie) in new generations: from strategy to action".The paper starts with explaining the conceptual approaches to personality development (vospitanie) of youth as formulated by the author and his colleagues at the Research Center (NITs) of Higher School of Komsomol, Moscow (subsequently renamed Institute of Youth, currently Moscow University for the Humanities). While at the NITs, the author worked on the draft version of the Youth Act, which in 1991 was subsumed into the Law of the USSR "On the general foundations of state youth policy in the USSR"), as well as in other drafts of legislation in the segment of youth policy. Public debates on this policy and its implications largely focused on the factor of vospitanie (personality development). Neglect of his factor led to the state completely abandoning vospitanie as an aspect of education. This can be seen in the example of the first post-Soviet law "On education" (1992), where education in Russia was formally defined as a "unified purpose-driven process comprising tuition and personality development (vospitanie)", but not a word more on the latter. Moreover, the vospitanie as a component was discontinued in schools, universities and all educational institutions, while the press and academia now talked of socialization and adaptation, not vospitanie.To counter this trend, in 1995 we at the NITs of the Institute of Youth, under the author's supervision have prepared an analytical report for the Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation, which later evolved into the concept of bringing up what we termed 'viable generations'. After being reviewed at the Cabinet, the report was labelled 'aspersive' and banned from circulation.In 2010, work began on a new version of the Federal Law "On education in the Russian Federation. The author and his colleagues took an active part in public discussions of the bill. Suggested amendments were forwarded to the State Duma, the Council of Federation and to President of Russia Vladimir Putin. However, the provisions related to personality development were not included into the final version of the act. Debates continued during the readings of the Strategy of advancing personality development (vospitanie) in the Russian Federation for the period through 2025. The strategy was adopted in 2015 and provided a new impetus for educational work with children and the youth. However, unless a number of conceptual issues are resolved, implementing the agenda of the Strategy may be rather problematic. ; В статье представлены фрагменты выступления автора на заседании Русского интеллектуального клуба, которое состоялось в Московском гуманитарном университете 25 мая 2016 г. и было посвящено теме «Воспитание новых поколений: от стратегии к действию». Охарактеризована роль концептуальных подходов к проблеме воспитания молодежи, которые были сформированы автором в период работы Научно-исследовательского центра (НИЦ) при Высшей комсомольской школе, затем при Институте молодежи (ныне — Московский гуманитарный университет) над проектом закона о молодежи (на базе которого в 1991 г. был принят Закон СССР «Об общих началах государственной молодежной политики в СССР»), другими проектами нормативных правовых актов в сфере государственной молодежной политики. В общественной дискуссии о содержании этой политики большое значение придавалось фактору воспитания. Пренебрежение идеей воспитания привело к отходу государства от этого направления образовательной деятельности. Это, как показывает автор, сказалось и на тексте Закона РФ «Об образовании» (1992 г.), где образование определялось как «единый целенаправленный процесс воспитания и обучения», но в нормах закона о воспитании ничего не было сказано. Более того, из школ, вузов и всех учебных заведений воспитательная компонента была изъята. В прессе и научных публикациях стали говорить о социализации, об адаптации, понятие «воспитание» исчезло из научной и бытовой лексики.В противовес этому в 1995 г. в НИЦ при Институте молодежи, где автор был директором, под его научным руководством и активном авторском участии для Правительства РФ был подготовлен доклад о проблемах воспитания, а также предложена концепция воспитания жизнеспособных поколений. Доклад был рассмотрен Правительством РФ, охарактеризован как «очернительский» и запрещен к рассылке в регионы.В 2010 г. началась подготовка Федерального закона «Об образовании в Российской Федерации». Автор с коллегами активно участвовал в дискуссиях по поводу содержания этого закона, обращался со своими предложениями в Государственную Думу РФ, Совет Федерации РФ, к Президенту России В. В. Путину. Но правовые нормы, связанные с воспитанием, не были включены в текст закона. Участие в обсуждении продолжилось и в ходе рассмотрения проекта Стратегии развития воспитания в Российской Федерации на период до 2015 года. Стратегия, принятая в 2015 г., дала новый импульс для организации воспитательной работы с детьми и молодежью, но все же не решила многие концептуальные вопросы, без которых реализация намеченных мер может быть проблематичной.

The article aims to identify the relationship between the consumption of television's news content and civil-political orientations of the youth. The results indicate a certain repoliticization of young people around a mobilization-type political-ideological project proposed by the authorities that currently dominates on Russian television. There is a correlation between the interest in politics and the number of appeals to television news, which is a consequence of the mobilization of a large part of young people around the current agenda. The mobilized part of the youth demonstrates a high interest in politics, a greater desire to engage in it in the future, is proud of its country and is ready to sacrifice its interests for its sake. Those less involved in the agenda offered by television demonstrate more particularistic attitudes. Key words: youth, television, civic and political orientation, news environment. ; Цель статьи – выявить взаимосвязь между потреблением новостного телевизионного контента и гражданско-политическими ориентациями молодежи. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о некоторой реполитизации молодежи вокруг предложенного властью политико-идеологического проекта мобилизационного типа, превалирующего на российском телевидении. Прослеживается взаимосвязь между интересом к политике и количеством обращений к новостям телевидения, что является следствием мобилизованности большой части молодежи вокруг актуальной политической повестки. Мобилизованная часть молодежи демонстрирует высокую заинтересованность в политике, большее желание заниматься ею в будущем, гордиться своей страной и готова жертвовать своими интересами ради нее. Часть молодежи менее вовлеченная в повестку, предлагаемую телевидением, демонстрирует более партикуляристские установки.Ключевые слова: молодежь, телевидение, гражданско-политические ориентации, информационно-новостная среда.

The article is devoted to the processes of knowledge generation at the enterprises of military-industrial complex, which are the leaders of the regional innovative activity. The target of the research is to develop the methodology based on the use of resource application potential for increasing the efficiency of knowledge generation at the instrument-making enterprises of military-industrial complex. The system analysis of the knowledge generation processes is conducted at one of them. It allows to draw a conclusion that such enterprises have a lack of the institutes of knowledge generation processes. The authors are offered a technique of the development of the knowledge generation system at the military-industrial entrprises based on the accounting of assets and opportunities of the enterprise in the realization of intellectual activity. The developed technique is based on the determination of the horizontal resource potential of knowledge generation and allows to determine the potential of resource application at each stage of product life cycle. The comparison of the actual and theoretical values of horizontal resource potential allows to correct the distribution of a share of each of resources within a stage, and therefore, to optimize the realization of tasks at a specific stage. The offered tools were implemented in 2015 at one of the regional military-industrial enterprises. The methodological tools of the research include the methods of expert assessment, mathematical statistics and the institutional analysis. On the basis of the offered technique and received empirical results, the institutional spiral of knowledge generation during the fiiling of state order at the military-industrial enterprise is developed. Its implementation will promote the decrease in the level of uncertainty during the whole life cycle of innovative activity product. The developed institutional spiral of knowledge generation at instrument-making military-industrial enterprises assumes the stimulation of knowledge generation processes at each of the stages of product life cycle. The results of this research can be used for the creation of the knowledge generation scheme as well as for the use of the efficiency increase mechanism of the knowledge generation processes at the enterprises of militaryindustrial complex. © E. V. Popov, M. V. Vlasov, A. Yu. Shishkina, A. V. Yakimova, 2016.