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Aim: Several lines of evidence from various scientific approaches indicate that alcohol dependence (AD) in humans is genetically influenced. The aim of this review is to report recent findings, new approaches and developments in revealing the genetic underpinnings of alcohol dependence in humans. Results: Results mainly from marker-dependent studies (linkage, case-control association and genome-wide association) and intermediate phenotypes (endophenotypes) are reported as well as findings from recent pharmacogenomic and epigenetic research on alcohol use disorders. Based on the findings, potential perspectives for future research are discussed.

Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) is an area with a long history of human occupation and great ethnolinguistic diversity. The earliest anatomically modern humans arrived ~65 thousand years ago, while presently it has a population size of ~263 million people speaking ~229 languages belonging to five major language families: Austroasiatic (AA), Austronesian (AN), Tai-Kadai (TK), Hmong-Mien (HM), and Sino-Tibetan (ST). Analyses of genome-wide data can provide rich insights into reconstructing human genetic population history, but there is a paucity of genome-wide data from MSEA (mostly limited to the majority groups such as the Kinh and Thai). The goal of this thesis was to analyze newly-genotyped genome-wide data (encompassing ~600 thousand SNPs) from an extensive, detailed sample of ethnolinguistic groups from Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos, encompassing all five major MSEA language families, in order to reconstruct their genetic history and relationships with cultural variation. In Chapter I, I analyzed data from 259 individuals from the Kinh and 21 Vietnamese ethnolinguistic groups. In contrast to previous studies suggesting that genetic diversity in Vietnam largely reflects internal diversification and isolation, I found evidence for different sources of genetic diversity in different linguistic groups, extensive contact between groups, and a likely case of language shift involving AN-speaking groups. In Chapter II, I analyzed data from 463 individuals from 33 ethnolinguistic groups together with 3 published groups (including the Thai), hence in total 36 groups from Thailand and Laos. I found fine-scale genetic structure for the major TK and AA groups according to their linguistic branches, and different levels of local interaction with other linguistic groups in geographical proximity. This diverse structure was also influenced by South Asian admixture, detected in several different linguistic groups from central and southern Thailand, dated to ~600-1000 years ago. This admixture date, together with the geographical distribution of these groups, suggests that the South Asian influence corresponds to the Ayutthaya kingdom period (1350-1767 AD), when there was extensive interactions and political and trading networks between people from MSEA and South Asia.:SUMMARY p.1 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG p.10 CHAPTER I p.20 Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity in Vietnam reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity CHAPTER II p.68 Reconstructing the human genetic history of mainland Southeast Asia: insights from genome- wide data from Thailand and Laos REFERENCES p.111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS p.114 CURRICULUM VITAE p.115 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE p.117 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT p.118

Bildung in der Europäischen Union fällt in den Kompetenzbereich der einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten, doch Dokumente der EU und Projektförderungen steuern die nationale Politikgestaltung der Erwachsenenbildung maßgeblich mit. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, wie Erwachsenenbildung Einfluss auf die Bildungspolitik der EU nehmen kann. Der Autor beschreibt dies am Beispiel des Europäischen Verbands für Erwachsenenbildung (EAEA) mit Sitz in Brüssel und 133 Mitgliedern aus 43 Ländern. Er stellt exemplarisch dar, was der EAEA in den Bereichen Interessensvertretung (Advocacy), Politikbeeinflussung (Lobbying) und Bildungstransfer (Policy Transfer) umgesetzt und bewirkt hat. Außerdem werden zukünftige Herausforderungen auf EU-Ebene für die Erwachsenenbildung benannt: Es komme unter anderem darauf an, Lobbying- und Advocacy-Strategien gezielt einzusetzen, damit die Erwachsenenbildung auf europäischer Ebene Anerkennung findet und Kontinuität erlangt. Aus der Untersuchung von erfolgreichem Bildungstransfer könnten sich zusätzliche strategische Ansätze für bildungspolitische Interventionen ergeben. (DIPF/Orig.) ; Education in the European Union falls under the jurisdiction of the individual member states, yet EU documents and project funding significantly shape national adult education policy making. The question arises as to how adult education can have an influence on the educational policy of the EU. The author describes this using the example of the European Association for Education of Adults (EAEA), whose seat is in Brussels and whose 133 members come from 43 countries. He provides examples of what the EAEA has implemented and achieved in the areas of advocacy, lobbying and policy transfer. In addition, future challenges for adult education at the EU level are identified: Among other things, specific lobbying and advocacy strategies must be implemented so that adult education receives recognition and secures continuity at the European level. The investigation of successful policy transfer may yield additional strategic approaches for educational policy interventions. (DIPF/Orig.)

Die dynamische Entwicklung der Lebenswissenschaften unterwirft die menschliche Natur in zunehmendem Maß der Möglichkeit technischer Intervention. Dieser Prozess erreicht mit der Option verbessernder Eingriffe in die genetische Ausstattung des Menschen eine neue Dimension, die ethische, politische und zunehmend auch rechtliche Debatten ausgelöst hat, in denen tiefgreifende normative Dissense sichtbar werden. Die Autorin erörtert zunächst die Zulässigkeit von Maßnahmen des genetischen Enhancements anhand des geltenden deutschen Rechts und analysiert künftige gesetzliche Regelungsoptionen. Sodann wirft sie die Frage auf, ob die Begründung einer Unverfügbarkeit der Natürlichkeit des menschlichen Genoms mit Argumenten, die sich im Rahmen einer säkularen, religiös neutralen Rechtsordnung als rechtliche formulieren lassen, möglich ist oder ob die Vorstellung eines schlechthin unverfügbaren natürlichen Substrats des Menschen nur von einem Staat um- und durchgesetzt werden kann, der, wider dem von der Theorie des politischen Liberalismus (John Rawls) postulierten Erfordernis der public justification, nicht auf jede religiös-transzendente Verankerung des Rechts verzichtet.

The genome research has made great progress in the past 20 years. On the base of the deciphered human genome, biomedical research has changed in its methods and strategies. The so-called post-genome era offers new insights in gene-environment interactions and the etiology of complex diseases and begans to change the understanding of health and disease. According to this, genetic variation is associated with many, if not all, human diseases and disabilities, including common chronic diseases that have major public health impact. The integration of the knowledge of genetic susceptibity genes in Public Health could help to fullfill its mission to prevent morbidity, mortality, and disability form a wide array of conditions. Recently, however, there is some confusion among health professionals and the public about the role of genetic information in Public Health. Complex and contorversial issues have emerged - such as quality of genetic testing, potential discrimination against individuals and groups, rapid commercialization of genetic tests - and call for discussion. About 10 years ago particulary in the USA and the United Kingdom the discussion of risks and benefits of genetics for population health was established under the term "Public Health Genetics".This present study will give an insight in the history of Public Health Genetics especially in this countries. Beyond this, it examines the contribution of recent genetic technologies for the tasks of Public Health practice such as surveillance and epidemiology. It focuses on the questions: What are the problems arising today and what are the exact contributions of Public Health Genetics. The study yields the result that Public Health Genetics represents a scientific platform to discuss the complex deficits, to develop guidelines and to promote a "good political practice" of an appropriate use of genetic technologies.

Die aktuelle Ausgabe des TAB-Briefs spiegelt die Vielfalt der Themen wider, deren Untersuchung vom Bundestag an das TAB in Auftrag geben wird. Dies zeigen sowohl die im Frühjahr begonnenen neuen Projekte, die vorgestellt werden, als auch die Beiträge zu den zuletzt abgeschlossenen Berichten zu den Themen Online-Bürgerbeteiligung an der Parlamentsarbeit, Arzneimittelentwicklung für vernachlässigte armutsassoziierte Krankheiten, additive Fertigungsverfahren (3-D-Druck), Gesundheits-Apps und Social Bots. Auf der Basis von gut 40 Untersuchungsvorschlägen der Ausschüsse und Fraktionen des Deutschen Bundestages beauftragte der Ausschuss für Bildung, Forschung und Technikfolgenabschätzung (ABFTA) neun Projekte, die das TAB bis zum Sommer 2018 bearbeiten wird und die einmal mehr ein breites Themenspektrum abdecken. - Algorithmen in digitalen Medien und ihr Einfluss auf die Meinungsbildung - Autonome Waffensysteme - Potenziale von mobilem Internet und digitalen Technologien für die bessere Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen - Virtual und Augmented Reality – Anwendungspotenziale, Entwicklungen, Handlungsbedarf - Digitalisierung der Landwirtschaft - Mögliche gesundheitliche Auswirkungen verschiedener Frequenzbereiche elektromagnetischer Felder (HF-EMF) - Lichtverschmutzung - Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung landwirtschaftlicher Systeme – Herausforderungen und Perspektiven - Genome Editing am ...

In his work "The Liberal Archipelago" (2003) Chandran Kukathas designs a peacefull coexistence of different cultural communities. Three basic freedoms determine this liberal society: freedom of association, freedom of dissociation and mutual toleration of associations. To examine whether his specific conception of the "exit option" is also applicable for children and teens was the intention of my dissertation. I started my analysis from the perspective of political philosophy, bringing a mainly British-American discourse to Germany. I added a systematization of cases of children and youth trying to exit to illustrate the conflicts underlying exit and to show the obstacles of their exit. In correlation to the philosophical discussion of "private" and "public", the conclusion of my dissertation states that exit is only available if there exists a specifically designed "wider society". This is based on my concept of an "integrative multiculturalism" where minorities and wider community are linked by an interculturally opened public sphere.

In recent years, digital technologies have become increasingly important in migration policy. Especially biometrics are considered as a key technology for border control. Instead of following this typical perspective on surveillance I will show that the transformation of borders and the construction of data bodies have to be understood as a symptom of wide social change. From the beginning of cybernetics after World War II to the social movements in the 1960s, '70s, and '80s, I will outline an unexpected association between humans and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This association challenges the old order based on the difference between subject and object. The new situation is represented by two central topics: the postliberal sovereignty and the new relationship, the "assemblage", between physical bodies and digital data bodies. Departing from this assumption I will discuss the question whether we can identify a new form of governmentality between migration and ICT. ; In recent years, digital technologies have become increasingly important in migration policy. Especially biometrics are considered as a key technology for border control. Instead of following this typical perspective on surveillance I will show that the transformation of borders and the construction of data bodies have to be understood as a symptom of wide social change. From the beginning of cybernetics after World War II to the social movements in the 1960s, '70s, and '80s, I will outline an unexpected association between humans and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This association challenges the old order based on the difference between subject and object. The new situation is represented by two central topics: the postliberal sovereignty and the new relationship, the "assemblage", between physical bodies and digital data bodies. Departing from this assumption I will discuss the question whether we can identify a new form of governmentality between migration and ICT.

Im Text wird Mandat vom 22. Dezember 1723 erwähnt. - Ausstellungsdatum: Landshut, 1747, 4. März ; Ausst.: Maximilian ; Erscheinungsjahr ermittelt aus Ausstellungsdatum ; Ausfuehrliche Beschreibung ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Kloeckeliana 116#Beibd.6

Attempts to keep the German language free from the influence of other languages go back a long way. The influence of English and criticism of Anglicisms have re-entered public discourse in recent years. The current trend towards the renewed founding of language associations can be viewed as a new phase of linguistic purism in Germany. The largest group opposed to the use of Anglicisms in German is the Dortmund-based Verein Deutsche Sprache (VDS), which was founded in 1997. The VDS can now look back on over ten years of its history. During this time, the association has metamorphosed from a minor grouping into an influential association with more than thirty-one thousand members in over seventy countries. Its founder, statistics professor Dr. Walter Krämer, has remained chairperson of the association from its beginnings. This current portrait of the VDS examines the emergence, the organization and the activities of the association against the wider background of the discussion of loan words and the work of other language associations in Germany. To this end, literary sources were evaluated comprehensively, as were the entire contents of the archive of the association´s head office in Dortmund and the personal archive of the initiator of the VDS from the point when the association was founded. The analysis encompassed the period up to 2009. The VDS aims to counteract the spread of Anglicisms in German, and to heighten awareness of the topic in media, politics and business circles. The activities of the association, described in detail in the present study, include organized events, particularly on the "German Language Day" initiated by the association, publications such as the association´s magazine, public lectures, correspondence, media relations and award ceremonies. It is notable that the work of the association is often characterized by a strongly emotional attitude towards the German language. The present study also concerns itself with the question of how the association – in the opinion of the members – defines which Anglicisms should be resisted. No firm consensus on this issue exists within the organization. The association sees itself as a citizen´s initiative and not as an exclusive academic club. The members are reluctant to classify themselves as linguistic purists, although their aims clearly include ridding the language of undesirable elements. The present study demonstrates that the association can clearly be seen as a purist group, since arguments and attitudes found in purist discourse, which were perceived as having been entirely absent from the discussion in Germany over many years, have been revived and used to stimulate the debate on Anglicisms afresh. The results of the present study document that the VDS is characterized by active public relations and a high level of internal activity. This suggests that the VDS may well have consolidated its role as spearhead in challenging Anglicisms still further by now. Its reputation for being in the vanguard in this area would appear to have been earned. It can be assumed that the activities of the association will leave their mark in the medium or long term. What is more significant, however, is that the resonance which these activities find in the media has considerable influence on public discourse.

Izik Hedri, G.: Introduction - The political dialogue as means and goal -. S. 7-19. Knirsch, P.: Determinanten für die EG-Außenpolitik gegenüber Polen und Ungarn sowie gegenüber der Visegrad-Staaten. S. 20-32. Pronk, B.: The European Parliament and the new democracies of Europe - association in christian-democratic perspective. S. 33-39. Saeter, M.: The European Economic Area (EEA), the Europe agreements and the wider process of European integration. S. 40-49. Kiss, T.: The experience yet with the political dialogue. S. 50-54. Ort; A.: Die Tschechoslowakei und die Europäischen Gemeinschaften. S. 55-64. Goralczyk, B.: Association with the EC: An opinion on Polish experience. S. 65-71. Gordon, A.: Interactions between political and economic relations - associations agreements between the European Community and the countries of Visegrad. S. 72-76. Jopp, M.: The reasons for the renaissance of WEU. S. 77-83. Lachowski, Z.: CSCE and CSBMs in the new security environment. S. 84-96. Gazdag, F.: Security of Central Europe and Western institutions. A Hungarian point of view. S. 97-103. Dashichev, V.: Die NATO, Zentraleuropa und Rußland (Thesen zum Diskussionsbeitrag). S. 104-111. Regelsberger, E.: Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik (GASP) nach Maastricht. S. 112-113. Halmai, P.: Die europäischen Aussichten der ungarischen Agrarwirtschaft. S. 114-121. Rosner, V.: The system and role of social policy and health agreements in Hungary's relations with Europe. S. 122-127

Beyond the simple fact that many people enjoy music, as a social act music is also related to a wide range of emotions, associations, politics, and identifications that draw people to making, playing, and listening to music. To explore the interactions between music and various social phenomena, we have invited a number authors and musicians to share their thoughts on music for this issue. They present us a variety of perspectives on and of music practices, how music is lived and experienced in a range of settings, and why music has such an important role in the lives of people and societies around the world.