Suchergebnisse

El desarrollo del conocimiento genómico aplicado a la salud humana ofrece grandes beneficios bajo la forma de medicina genómica, predictiva o reparativa; sin embargo, conlleva profundas implicaciones de índole social, política, ética, económica e ideológica, las cuales requieren un marco regulatorio, que de manera genérica se denomina derecho genético. Este artículo pretende caracterizar el derecho genético únicamente en lo referente a las intervenciones en el genoma humano en el área de la biomedicina, desde los principios éticos y jurídicos que deben hacer parte de su fundamentación filosófica, para tal fin se analizarán las más importantes declaraciones emanadas por los organismos y las asociaciones de carácter internacional relacionadas con el tema, para identificar los principios éticos y jurídicos que deben orientar la caracterización del derecho genético. ; The development of genomic knowledge applied to human health offers great benefits in the form of genomic, predictive or repair medicine; nevertheless carries profound implications for social, political, ethical, economic and ideological, which require an effective regulatory framework, which is known generically genetic law. This article aims to characterize the genetic law only with regard to interventions in the human genome in the area of biomedicine, from the ethical and legal principles that must be part of its philosophical foundation to this en end we analyze the most important statements issued agencies and international associations related to the subject to identify the ethical and legal principles that should guide the characterization of the genetic right.

The development of genomic knowledge applied to human health offers great benefits in the form of genomic, predictive or repair medicine; nevertheless carries profound implications for social, political, ethical, economic and ideological, which require an effective regulatory framework, which is known generically genetic law. This article aims to characterize the genetic law only with regard to interventions in the human genome in the area of biomedicine, from the ethical and legal principles that must be part of its philosophical foundation to this en end we analyze the most important statements issued agencies and international associations related to the subject to identify the ethical and legal principles that should guide the characterization of the genetic right. ; El desarrollo del conocimiento genómico aplicado a la salud humana ofrece grandes beneficios bajo la forma de medicina genómica, predictiva o reparativa; sin embargo, conlleva profundas implicaciones de índole social, política, ética, económica e ideológica, las cuales requieren un marco regulatorio, que de manera genérica se denomina derecho genético. Este artículo pretende caracterizar el derecho genético únicamente en lo referente a las intervenciones en el genoma humano en el área de la biomedicina, desde los principios éticos y jurídicos que deben hacer parte de su fundamentación filosófica, para tal fin se analizarán las más importantes declaraciones emanadas por los organismos y las asociaciones de carácter internacional relacionadas con el tema, para identificar los principios éticos y jurídicos que deben orientar la caracterización del derecho genético.

En el presente artículo de reflexión, se abordarán las generalidades del derecho de asociación sindical en Colombia, se realiza un estudio histórico-hermenéutico del Derecho de Sindicalización, tomando para su desarrollo conceptos sobre la materia, de igual forma normativa descollantes en este aspecto en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, esto es, Constitución Política de Colombia, legislación laboral en el entendido del Código Sustantivo del Trabajo, además se trae a colación doctrinantes tanto nacionales como internacionales y legislación internacional, esto con el fin de brindar una instrucción amplia sobre el derecho de Asociación Sindical en Colombia.AbstractIn the present article of reflection, there were approached the generalities of the right of union association in Colombia there is realized a historical-hermeneutic study of the Law of Unionization, taking for his development concepts on the matter, also the pronouncements issued by the juridical Colombian classification, this is, Political Constitution of Colombia, Labour legislation in understood on the Laboral Code in addition is brought to collation doctrinantes both national and international and international legislation, this in order to offer a wide instruction on the right of Union Association in Colombia.

This study will evaluate the ex ante benefits and costs of the probable signature of the Association Agreement between Comunidad Andina de Naciones and the European Union for Ecuadorian exportations. From 1973, this Agreement has followed an analytical process which focuses into three main pillars: cooperation, political dialog and commerce. Nowadays Colombia and Peru are trading with the European Union since January 2009 due to the improvements of their economies, especially in exportations, in comparison with Ecuador and Bolivia. For Ecuador, first exporting banana country world-wide, is important to evaluate the benefits from the Agreement because this will help to increase and/or to improve quality processes and it may increase the volume of banana exportations per period. It is worth to mention that bananas are well known in foreign countries due to its nutritious benefits for the human being and its price in the international market.

This paper outlines the joint project developed by the University of Cantabria and the Non Government Association "Educación para la Solidaridad Grupo Brezo" in order to develop a software tool to classify, search and find images thru the World Wide Web. The main idea of the project implies the digitalization, storage and sharing of more than 80,000 slides of different themes (landscapes, people, folklore, history, natural disasters, etc.) made along 40 years by the members of Brezo all over the word. This kind of images can be of interest for educational, E-learning and research purposes. An open source platform based in PHP and MySQL has been chosen in order to develop the application shown here, the engine has been implemented under "friendly user" philosophy and it is self-explicative, the above mentioned features make the software an interesting tool easy to use by users at any level.

The three Oporto daily newspapers O Comércio do Porto, O Primeiro de Janeiro and Jornal de Notícias were founded during the XIX century and steadily grew in prestige and respect amongst the national Portuguese press. These papers began as local and ideological projects supported by political parties and a powerful commercial association but gradually evolved to more comprehensive newspapers with a wider range of lectors. Each particular profile was built through editorial policies which led to strategies of audience identification, underlined by the charisma of their owners and directors. The aim of this study is to identify the engagement processes with readers in their early days and the methodology will rely on sources such as newspapers contents and some other specialized publications. The key moments of evolution in Comércio, Janeiro and Notícias will be tracked by the adaptation to the modernization challenges according to reports, newspapers and some senior journalists' testimonies.

Las comunidades islámicas en la España contemporánea han evolucionado de modo paralelo al proceso de modernización social. Las nuevas bases del Estado democrático proporcionaron un amplio reconocimiento de la libertad de conciencia y de protección de las confesiones minoritarias, simbolizado en los Acuerdos de 1992. Fenómenos como la inmigración, el debate multicultural o el estado actual de las relaciones internacionales han impulsado la evolución funcional de estos colectivos. Más allá del asociacionismo religioso, han adquirido un perfil novedoso como grupo de presión político y sociológico.The Islamic communities in Spain have evolved at once to a social modernization process. The State's new democratic basis provided a wide recognition of the freedom of conscience and protection of minority confessions, symbolized in the 1992's Agreements. The deep transformations in immigration, security and multicultural issues have encouraged their functional evolution, beyond the religious associations towards a novel profile like political and sociological lobbies.

Objective: This article analyzes the context and motivations that underlie the subsidies for editorial projects of the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs in the 1940s to find intersections with the programs financed by the Rockefeller Foundation since the 1930s, particularly the ones coordinated by the American Library Association. Methodology: A comparative analysis of the primary sources that can be found in these institutions was completed: National Archives and Records Administration II; Rockefeller Foundation; American Library Association; and American Council of Learned Societies. Originality: The article focuses on the us actions targeted at showing their superiority and neutralizing "the subversive activities" and "anti-Americanism" in the American continent using books, one of the cultural products still little explored in the historiography of the so-called Good Neighbor Policy. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that the growing distribution of books was conveniently used as a strategy for a wider ideological influence in the target countries besides battling against subversive activities and anti-Americanism in the 1940s. ; Objetivo: este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el contexto y las motivaciones de los subsidios para programas editoriales de la Oficina del Coordinador de Asuntos Interamericanos durante la década de 1940, estableciendo una relación con los programas financiados por la Fundación Rockefeller desde la década de 1930, en particular aquellos coordinados por la American Library Association. Metodología: se realizó un análisis comparado de las fuentes primarias disponibles en las siguientes instituciones: National Archives and Records Administration II, Fundación Rockefeller, American Library Association y American Council of Learned Societies. Originalidad: el artículo destaca las acciones que denotaban la intención estadounidense de dejar en evidencia su superioridad y neutralizar las "actividades subversivas" y el "antiamericanismo" en el continente americano mediante libros, bienes culturales poco explorados en la historiografía de la llamada Política de Buena Vecindad. Conclusiones: el análisis muestra que el fortalecimiento de la distribución de libros funcionó como una estrategia para ganar mayor inserción ideológica en los países de interés y a su vez para combatir las actividades subversivas y el americanismo en la década de 1940. ; Objetivo: Este artigo analisa o contexto e as motivações dos subsídios da Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs para os programas editoriais na década de 1940, relacionando-as aos programas financiados pela Fundação Rockefeller desde a década de 1930, em especial aqueles coordenados pela American Library Association. Metodologia: Para isso, as fontes primárias disponíveis nas seguintes instituições foram analisadas comparativamente: o National Archives and Records Administration II, a Fundação Rockefeller, a American Library Association e o American Council of Learned Societies. Originalidade: o artigo destaca a ação estadunidense que objetivava evidenciar sua superioridade e neutralizar as "atividades subversivas" e o "antiamericanismo" no continente americano por meio dos livros, um dos bens culturais pouco explorado na historiografia da chamada Política da Boa Vizinhança. Conclusões: a análise mostra que o fortalecimento da distribuição de livros funcionou como uma estratégia de maior inserção ideológica nos países alvos, além do combate às atividades subversivas e ao antiamericanismo na década de 1940.

The object of this study is the nation-building project contained in the Constitution of Andalusia, developed by Pi y Margall´s party in 1883. To this aim, the Andalusian document is sistematically analyzed, and its political and judicial contexts are contrasted. Furthermore, it is being compared to federalism classic essays and also to those constitutions written in other territories during the same period. Research indicates that the judicial vertebration of Andalusian nationality is part of a wider process that culminates in a confederal association with other Iberic nations. In conclusion, Andalusian confederal republicanism and its original constitutionalism showed some distinctive features that allow us tracing a continuity line between the dawning of Andalucism and the typical Iberism of nineteenth century republicanism in its confederal face. ; Se estudia el proyecto de construcción nacional contenido en la Constitución de Andalucía elaborada por el partido de Pi y Margall hacia 1883. Para ello se analiza sistemáticamente el documento andaluz y se contrastan sus contextos teórico-político y jurídico. Asimismo, se compara con textos constitucionales clásicos del federalismo y con aquellos redactados en otros territorios en la misma fecha. Se constata que la vertebración jurídica de la nacionalidad andaluza forma parte de un proceso más amplio que culmina con la asociación confederal con otros pueblos ibéricos. En conclusión, el republicanismo confederal andaluz presentaba unas particularidades visibles en su original constitucionalismo, las cuales permiten trazar una línea de continuidad entre el surgimiento del andalucismo político y el iberismo típico del republicanismo decimonónico en su vertiente confederal.The object of this study is the nation-building project contained in the Constitution of Andalusia, developed by Pi y Margall´s party in 1883. To this aim, the Andalusian document is sistematically analyzed, and its political and judicial contexts are contrasted. Furthermore, it is being compared to federalism classic essays and also to those constitutions written in other territories during the same period. Research indicates that the judicial vertebration of Andalusian nationality is part of a wider process that culminates in a confederal association with other Iberic nations. In conclusion, Andalusian confederal republicanism and its original constitutionalism showed some distinctive features that allow us tracing a continuity line between the dawning of Andalucism and the typical Iberism of nineteenth century republicanism in its confederal face.

Studying leadership styles requires a review of a wide range of literature around the world and for a long time with the intention of understanding the leader's behavior, and there is no doubt that research will continue in the various social, economic and political sectors. The present study aimed to determine the predominant leadership style in a sample of 270 agricultural business man from the province of Chiclayo in Peru, as part of a macro study, promoted by the ONG Association of Farmers La Monteria – ASPAM. The Spanish version of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire - MLQ, constructed by Avolio and Bass, was applied; later adapted by Castro Solano, Nader and Casullo in 2004 and called CELID-A (questionnaire of leadership styles-Self-leadership) (Solano, 2018). The results indicate that the predominant leadership style is the transformational style, with low scores for transactional leadership styles and the Laissez-Faire style. It also allowed to know the association and interdependence of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire styles. Furthermore, an analysis of these variables with the socio-demographic data allowed us to find some significant associations. ; Estudiar los estilos de liderazgo exige revisar una amplia literatura tratada en todo el mundo y por mucho tiempo con la intención de comprender la conducta del líder, y sin duda que se seguirá investigando en los diversos sectores sociales, económicos y políticos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el estilo de liderazgo predominante en una muestra de 270 empresarios agrícolas de la provincia de Chiclayo del Perú, como parte de un estudio macro, impulsado por la ONG Asociación de Agropecuarios La Montería – ASPAM. Se aplicó la versión adaptada al español del Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire - MLQ, construido por Avolio y Bass; posteriormente adaptado por Castro , Nader y Casullo en el 2004 y denominado CELID-A (cuestionario de los estilos de liderazgo-Autoliderazgo) (Solano, 2018). Los resultados indican como estilo de liderazgo predominante al estilo transformacional, puntuando bajo los estilos de liderazgo transaccional y el estilo Laissez-Faire. Permitió también conocer la asociación e interdependencia de los estilos transformacional, transaccional y el estilo laissez-faire. Así mismo, un análisis de dichas variables con los datos sociodemográficos permitió encontrar algunas asociaciones significativas.

The three Oporto daily newspapers O Comércio do Porto, O Primeiro de Janeiro and Jornal de Notícias were founded during the XIX century and steadily grew in prestige and respect amongst the national Portuguese press. These papers began as local and ideological projects supported by political parties and a powerful commercial Oporto newspapers and the city readers. The construction of editorial and audiences identities Revista internacional de Historia de la Comunicación, Nº1, Vol.1, año 2013, PP. 74-91 75 association but gradually evolved to more comprehensive newspapers with a wider range of lectors. Each particular profile was built through editorial policies which led to strategies of audience identification, underlined by the charisma of their owners and directors. The aim of this study is to identify the engagement processes with readers in their early days and the methodology will rely on sources such as newspapers contents and some other specialized publications. The key moments of evolution in Comércio, Janeiro and Notícias will be tracked by the adaptation to the modernization challenges according to reports, newspapers and some senior journalists' testimonies.

The contemporary political systems of liberal representative democracies have framed political parties as associations. This legal configuration has the virtue of conferring great freedom to the various sectors and political sensibilities of society when it comes to forming political parties, thus ensuring that their organization and operation are free from undue interference. Although this freedom of association is a fundamental premise in those historical contexts in which a liberal democracy is established preceded by a totalitarian regime, its scope and content must be questioned in the light of the challenges and problems posed by political parties in the new political reality we live in, especially in Spain, which has been adequately named the State of parties. Indeed, political parties have become the essential intermediaries between popular sovereignty and the institutions of the State, holding even greater levels of power without this seeming to result, in view of the various surveys conducted among citizens, in a political system of greater democratic quality or in a better management of the general interest. In this respect, the Spanish Constitution contemplates a clear and precise mandate regarding the necessary democratic nature of the organization and functioning of political parties; a mandate whose full development has only been partially carried out by the Law on Political Parties currently in force. In this sense, the halfheartedness of the legislator in establishing the necessary mechanisms and guarantees to promote political parties whose functioning and organization are truly democratic in order to adequately fulfill the functions constitutionally entrusted to them is striking. The observed halfheartedness cannot be protected by the associative nature of political parties since, as the Constitutional Court has established, the special and relevant functions assigned to them leave a wide margin of intervention to the legislator. Likewise, the detailed and extensive regulation that the ...

This Syllabus for "Building Diagnosis Expert" has been developed by the DIAGNOSIS Erasmus+ Project team as a key component of the scheme to support the profile and the training course for the "Building Diagnosis Expert". Project was organised in the frame of ERASMUS+ PROGRAMME -COOPERATION FOR INNOVATION AND THE EXCHANGE OF GOOD PRACTI-CES STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS, number of the project 2017-1-ES01-KA203-038254. Project title: INNOVATING A CRUCIAL PROFESSION IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR DIAGNOSIS, Date of the project performance: 01. 11. 2017 –30.10. 2019. DIAGNOSIS project is promoted and supervised by ASSOCIATION REHABIMED from Barcelona, ES, and other Partners are: UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA, ES, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FERRARA, IT, WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, PL, POLISH ASSOCIATION OF BUILDING MANAGERS, PL, ASSOCIATION OF BUILDING SURVEYORS AND CONSTRUCTION EXPERTS, UK and CENTOFORM, IT.Project intends to meet Europe 2020 growth strategy priorities on employment and education. The project takesinto account also the EU Roadmap Opening up Education (04/2013) enhancing education and skills development through new technologies and underlining "insufficient supply of quality digital contents across languages, subjects and needs". At EU level, DIAGNOSIS takes into account Construction 2020 Strategy for the sustainable competitiveness of the construction sector and its enterprises (2012), in particular the related Action Plan aiming at the "improvement of specialised training and making the sector moreattractive, in particular for blue-collar workers, technical colleges and universities. [.] It is necessary to better anticipate future skills and qualification needs, to attract a sufficient number of students to relevant construction professions and to create the conditions for a better working environment and career management, for a greater mobility of construction workers and for wider provision of cross-border services."Syllabus created in the project is an academic document that communicates course information and defines expectations and responsibilities. It is a guide on what will be expected of participants in the course and, at the same time, it can tell to participants nearly everything they need to know about how the course will be run and what will be expected of them. The syllabus ensures a fair and impartial understanding between the university and students such that there is minimal confusion on policies relating to the course, setting clear expectations of material to be learned and effort on student's behalf to be put into the course. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

This chapter analyses the landscape for the scientific journal in Spain according to three variables that are related to the degree of access: access without economic barriers, reuse permits and holders of exploitation rights. The data are extracted from the DULCINEA directory, which lists the exploitation rights of Spanish scientific journals. Spanish scientific journals are mostly characterized by free online access and the fact that they encompass a wide range of fields, although the social sciences and humanities are most prevalent. Public institutions, especially universities and research centres, are the main publishers, but scientific societies, academies, professional associations and similar entities also have a history of publishing prestigious journals. The fact that the open access model has been established by default at academic institutions and government institutions has led to the use of open licences and to journals clearly specifying the permissions of authors, readers and publishers, although there is room for improvement in this area. The use of Creative Commons licences has also increased, although these are not as open as one would wish, since CC BY-NC-ND is the most common licence and greatly limits the reuse of articles.

This paper explores two stages of the elites and the liberalism in Córdoba, through two self-defined "cultural" associations that were singularly linked to political and intelectual life, both locally and nationally. The Sociedad Literaria Deán Funes (1878/1883) and the Asociación Córdoba Libre (1916/ca 1922) are the looking-point to think this two moments and to understand wider processes: the local elites's restructuring, the national equilibrium reorganization, the local prominence modification and the generic liberalism mutations. ; El artículo explora dos estaciones de las elites y el liberalismo cordobeses a través de dos asociaciones autodefinidas como culturales y singularmente enlazadas a la vida político-intelectual local y nacional. La Sociedad Literaria Deán Funes (1878/1883) y la Asociación Córdoba Libre (1916/ca 1922) son así el prisma para pensar esas estaciones e intentar rozar los procesos más generales que en parte las modularon: la reestructuración de las elites locales, la reorganización de los equilibrios nacionales, la modificación del protagonismo local relativo autorizado por cada momento, la especificación de las diversas zonas de la actividad social y las mutaciones del liberalismo genérico que dominaba el comienzo de la etapa.