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Julia Kristeva, taking a psychoanalytic approach to the question of exile and exilic identity inStrangers to Ourselvesand other works, makes a distinctive contribution to the field of exile studies. She constructs the Balkans as geopolitical analog to the psychoanalytic concept of "archaic mother," the unconscious source of carnage and violence. She proposes "Oedipal revolt" as a kind of national psychotherapy to connect individual Balkan subjects with their unconscious desire for the maternal space— which will free them to be civilized by internalizing the law of the father. Kristeva even sees this Oedipal reconstruction as a necessary precondition to the establishment of "intimate democracy" in the Balkans. In identifying her "archaic mother" as the Balkan east, however, and in formulating her project of Oedipal revolt, she denigrates the Balkans (in particular, Bulgaria, her country of origin) and discursively elevates France—and "French taste"—to the top of her civilizational hierarchy.

International audience ; At the south-east and south borders of the European Union, differentiated spaces are opening up. Of the States with official or potential candidate status, the majority belong to the Western Balkans, of which all states would have the "right to join" the European Union. In addition, there are many Mediterranean countries, as part of the Barcelona process, and then the Union for the Mediterranean (UPM), which was created in July 2008. These countries, except Turkey, which has the status of a candidate, are not not supposed to become a medium-term member of the European Union. In order to understand the geopolitical diversity of these situations, let us first examine the Western Balkans and then Turkey from the illuminating angle of the geopolitics of the population. Finally, let's analyze what the Union for the Mediterranean is learning about the decision-making methods of the European Union ; Aux frontières sud-est et sud de l'Union européenne s'ouvrent des espaces différenciés. Parmi les États ayant le statut de candidat officiels ou potentiels, la majorité font partie des Balkans Occidentaux dont tous les États auraient « vocation à adhérer » à l'Union européenne. S'ajoutent de nombreux pays du pourtour méditerranéen, dans le cadre du processus de Barce-lone, puis de l'Union pour la Méditerranée (UPM), née en juillet 2008. Ces pays, sauf la Tur-quie qui bénéficie du statut de candidat, ne sont pas supposés devenir à moyen terme membre de l'Union européenne. Afin de comprendre la diversité géopolitique de ces situations, exami-nons d'abord les Balkans Occidentaux, puis la Turquie sous l'angle éclairant de la géopolitique de la population. Enfin, analysons ce que l'Union pour la Méditerranée apprend sur les modes de décision de l'Union européenne.

International audience ; At the south-east and south borders of the European Union, differentiated spaces are opening up. Of the States with official or potential candidate status, the majority belong to the Western Balkans, of which all states would have the "right to join" the European Union. In addition, there are many Mediterranean countries, as part of the Barcelona process, and then the Union for the Mediterranean (UPM), which was created in July 2008. These countries, except Turkey, which has the status of a candidate, are not not supposed to become a medium-term member of the European Union. In order to understand the geopolitical diversity of these situations, let us first examine the Western Balkans and then Turkey from the illuminating angle of the geopolitics of the population. Finally, let's analyze what the Union for the Mediterranean is learning about the decision-making methods of the European Union ; Aux frontières sud-est et sud de l'Union européenne s'ouvrent des espaces différenciés. Parmi les États ayant le statut de candidat officiels ou potentiels, la majorité font partie des Balkans Occidentaux dont tous les États auraient « vocation à adhérer » à l'Union européenne. S'ajoutent de nombreux pays du pourtour méditerranéen, dans le cadre du processus de Barce-lone, puis de l'Union pour la Méditerranée (UPM), née en juillet 2008. Ces pays, sauf la Tur-quie qui bénéficie du statut de candidat, ne sont pas supposés devenir à moyen terme membre de l'Union européenne. Afin de comprendre la diversité géopolitique de ces situations, exami-nons d'abord les Balkans Occidentaux, puis la Turquie sous l'angle éclairant de la géopolitique de la population. Enfin, analysons ce que l'Union pour la Méditerranée apprend sur les modes de décision de l'Union européenne.