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This article is devoted to systemizing the stages of online research development in Germany, based on analyzing the reports of the main German-language conference on online research (General online Research Conference). The article focuses on the thematic and methodical evolution of online research since 1995 till the present day, emphasizing the most popular methods and areas of science where using this type of research is widespread. The author describes the history of online research and identifies four stages of online research development in Germany: online research as a method (Stage 1); atomization of subject areas (Stage 2); technological development and methodological improvement (Stage 3); distribution of Big Data (Stage 4). The stages are arranged by year, with systemization based on the thematic and methodical orientation during a particular period. The author analyzes the features of each of the stages in terms of technological innovation. The transformation of traditional offline methods in web space is also considered in the article. Particular attention is paid to the fact that both Russian and German languages have no single conceptual apparatus, and use a very broad list of terms in their specialized literature. This was the motivation behind compiling a terminological thesaurus within this work.

Der 1922 geborene Vaccaro lernte das Fotografieren in Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit. Er nahm an der Invasion in der Normandie teil und arbeitete in Deutschland bei einer US-Behörde. Während dieser Jahre nahm er Tausende von Bildern auf. Eine Auswahl wird in Berlin ausgestellt und findet sich in diesem herausragenden Band, der die Schrecken des Kriegs und die Wirrnisse der Besatzungzeit dokumentiert. Die Bild-Kommentare des später in New York für große Magazine arbeitenden Fotografen sind kein Beiwerk, sondern tragen viel zum Verständnis der Motive bei. Eines der besten Fotobücher des Jahres, das noch dazu durch hervorragende Wiedergabequalität glänzt und zu einem günstigen Preis angeboten wird. Dem Spiegel war es einen ausführlichen Artikel in Heft 12/2001 wert. Allen Bibliotheken mit nennenswertem Bestand an Fotografie und Zeitgeschichte empfohlen. (1) (LK/HH: Raschka)

The given paper touches upon the problem of German migration policy in contemporary period. The on-going processes allow us to conclude that the German migration paradigm has been changing as well as one of the most successful states in the European Union and as a state endowed with the greatest peace load after the crisis of 2008. The study gives the main qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the German migration policy in the 2000s. First of all, it is characterized by changes in the geography of migration flows. In 2004, with ten new countries entering the EU, the inflow of migrants from Eastern Europe countries began to increase. During this period, the number of immigrants from Poland has almost doubled. After Bulgaria and Romania joined the EU, the number of people from these countries also increased by more than three times. At the period of 2008 crisis, the inflow of migrants from Italy, Spain, Greece and the Balkan countries intensified; the number of migrants from Croatirapidly increasedafter this country joined the EU in 2013. The author analyzes the qualitative composition of migrants and concludes that, from the beginning of the 21st century, the working migration, having dominated for many decades, is gradually changing in favor of skilled workers' migration. The important role of universities in order to attract highly qualified specialists is substantiated. The migration impact on the labor market is studied with a special attention. It is due to the fact that, when arriving in the country and getting the opportunity to apply skills and realize their human capital, a migrant becomes a kind of investor in the hosting country economy, contributing to its growth. One of its main advantages is that, already having a certain set of knowledge and skills (the hosting country does not need to pay for his education), he can generate new knowledge, create innovations, thereby increasing the competitiveness of the recipient country economy. Germany has a policy of attracting highly qualified ...

La certification forestière PEFC a connu un succès rapide en Allemagne : en à peine plus d'un an, d'août 2000 à octobre 2001, plus de 4,9 millions d'hectares ont été certifiés. Le système de certification adopté se base sur une forte implication des propriétaires (publics et privés), sur une volonté d'ouverture à toutes les parties intéressées et sur un double contrôle. Mais ce développement rapide est surtout lié aux soutiens politiques reçus de la part des administrations régionales. L'article présente les procédures mises en ¦uvre, dresse l'état d'avancement de la certification PEFC en Allemagne et propose des éléments de comparaison avec la situation en France. ; The PEFC system of forest certification has met with rapid success in Germany; in just one year, from August 2000 to October 2001, more than 4.9 million hectares have been certified. The certification scheme developed in Germany implements strong involvement by forest owners (public and private), a determination to be open to all the interested parties and a two-tiered monitoring mechanism The main reason for its rapid development however is the active central support provided to regional authorities. The article describes implementation procedures, provides a status report on PEFC certification in Germany and suggests a number of comparisons with France.

International audience ; The PEFC system of forest certification has met with rapid success in Germany; in just one year, from August 2000 to October 2001, more than 4.9 million hectares have been certified. The certification scheme developed in Germany implements strong involvement by forest owners (public and private), a determination to be open to all the interested parties and a two-tiered monitoring mechanism The main reason for its rapid development however is the active central support provided to regional authorities. The article describes implementation procedures, provides a status report on PEFC certification in Germany and suggests a number of comparisons with France. ; La certification forestière PEFC a connu un succès rapide en Allemagne : en à peine plus d'un an, d'août 2000 à octobre 2001, plus de 4,9 millions d'hectares ont été certifiés. Le système de certification adopté se base sur une forte implication des propriétaires (publics et privés), sur une volonté d'ouverture à toutes les parties intéressées et sur un double contrôle. Mais ce développement rapide est surtout lié aux soutiens politiques reçus de la part des administrations régionales. L'article présente les procédures mises en ¦uvre, dresse l'état d'avancement de la certification PEFC en Allemagne et propose des éléments de comparaison avec la situation en France.