Suchergebnisse

The New World Order is characterized by the presence of new topics in the global agenda - unquestionably democracy, human rights, the environment, struggle against corruption - whose treatment challenges classical concepts such as sovereignty and non-intervention. In this sense, the new agenda requires Latin American foreign affairs ministers and the foreign service of each country to offer its diplomats the necessary training to fully perform their functions within a new, complex reality. (Rev Mex Polit Exter/DÜI)

A partir de cuestionar la visión dominante que minimiza la conflictividad sociopolítica en los procesos de reestructuración capitalista neoliberal, el presente artículo revisa algunas formas de acción colectiva que han surgido en América Central después de finalizar las guerras civiles. El argumento de la autora es que los ejes de conflictividad social, generados por las dinámicas de reestructuración capitalista a escala mundial, son transnacionales y han estado impulsando a los movimientos sociales de la región a elaborar prácticas de acción y de protesta que involucran a más de un sector social y que atraviesan las fronteras nacionales. Al mismo tiempo, ante el repliegue de los gobiernos nacionales de los espacios locales hay una revitalización de identidades locales en defensa de los recursos propios de la comunidad. ; The article criticizes the dominant vision which minimizes sociopolitical conflicts in the processes of capitalist neoliberal transformation and studies some forms of collective action which took place in Central American after the civil wars. The author argues that the axis of social conflict, created by the dynamics of capitalist transformation on world scale, are "transnational" and have pushed the social movements in the region toward forms of collective action and protest which include more than one social sector and tend to cross national borders. At the same time the retreat of national governments out of local spaces leads to the revitalization of local identities as communities organize to defend their resources.

Enabling formulas that help to reduce quantitatively, qualitatively and to mitigate the virulence of conflicts of territorial nature, particularly in the autonomous Spain, is the aim of this paper. It will focus on exploring the possibilities that can result from mediation, arbitration, conciliation and strategies that encourage direct participation of citizens in public affairs. The framework is linked to global constitutionalism: the base of the transferability of results from private to public and from international to state levels. The essence of the conflict, territorial conflicts, and the main contributions of mediation and arbitration in the field of territorial disputes will be the essence. A special mention will refer the experiences of citizen´s direct participation as channels integrated into the negotiating and decision-making mechanisms in democratic and constitutional States. ; La habilitación de fórmulas que contribuyan a reducir cuantitativamente y mitigar cualitativamente la virulencia de los conflictos de carácter territorial, en particular en la España autonómica, es un reto continuo que se ha afrontado desde distintas perspectivas. La ahora desarrollada se centrará en explorar las posibilidades que pueden derivarse de las estrategias compartidas por actuaciones de mediación, arbitraje o conciliación.El trabajo rastrea, desde una referencia al constitucionalismo global, la esencia y peculiaridad de los conflictos territoriales, la peculiaridad de los conflictos territoriales y las posibilidades a explorar para su solución con carácter previo a la judicialización de los mismos.Una mención especial se referenciará a las experiencias de apertura directa a los ciudadanos de canales de participación integrados en los mecanismos negociadores y decisorios.

The present gobal conflict is not so much a clash of civilizations as a collision between the Weltanschauung of the liberal, secular West, and that of the extremist segment of Islam. It is a transcendent conflict in a realm that is non-negotiable, which can be described by the following dyad of propositions: If the Koran is the only revealed and uncreated Scripture and the means chosen by God to legislate over human affairs, then Allah must rule over men, the faithful must master the infidels, and males must lord over females. Any alternative order subverts the divine mandate and must be opportunely overthrown. If, on the contrary, all individuals are endowed with the same essential human and civil rights, including religious freedom, freedom of expression and equality before the law, then any doctrine that actively seeks to impose one religious source and a theocratic hierarchy is intrinsically perverted and must be repressed.

The city has become the preferred unit of measurement for the study of innovation, social transformation and political action, also at the international level. Architecture and urbanism, communication and political leadership, social movements, business and economy, digital transition, mobility, mass tourism, heritage, public policies, identities' expression… find their place in urban spaces. In fact, but in law as well, cities develop actions with a transnational impact and consequences on the diplomatic, political and communication fields. The city participates in the management of international affairs where it seeks to promote its own political agenda. Thus, the city is a source of creativity in the practice of international communication. Cities that aspire to be global have understood that their value lies in the ability to combining power and population, giving continuity to public policies and creating symbolic capital through direct initiatives and through experiences interceded by the media and culture. This is how symbolic capital is shaped, thus configuring the narrative of global cities. ; La ciudad se ha convertido en la unidad de medida preferente para el estudio de la innovación, la transformación social y la acción política, también al nivel internacional. La arquitectura y el urbanismo, la comunicación y el liderazgo político, los movimientos sociales, los negocios y la economía, la transformación digital, la movilidad, el turismo de masas, el patrimonio, las políticas públicas, la expresión de identidades encuentran acomodo en los espacios urbanos. De hecho y de derecho, las ciudades desarrollan acciones de impacto transnacional y de consecuencias diplomáticas, políticas y comunicativas. La ciudad participa en la gestión de los asuntos internacionales donde procura impulsar su propia agenda política. Así, la ciudad es fuente de creatividad en la práctica de la comunicación internacional. Las ciudades que aspiran a ser globales han entendido que su valor reside en la capacidad de conjugar poder ...

The paper identifies some trends of the present international system suchas globalization, interdependence, the challenges of competitiveness for governments and corporations and the various responses to the current crisis. Also, some actors are dealt with, including multinational corporations -and their legal status- and non governmental organizations of the international civil society, and BRICs such as China, India and Brazil, as well as new challenges such as global warming. Within this framework, the paper examines the role of Chile and Latin America as actors in the international scene, and recent trends towards democratization, new integration efforts and the challenges of an increased role of the region in world affairs. The final purpose would be to achieve an increased presence and voice in the present debate regarding the restructuring of international political and financial institutions. ; El artículo identifica diversas tendencias del sistema internacional actual, como la globalización, la interdependencia, las exigencias de competitividad de los países y de las empresas y variadas respuestas a la crisis internacional. También se refiere a diferentes actores, incluyendo los menos tradicionales como las empresas transnacionales -y su situación jurídica- las organizaciones de la sociedad civil internacional; países emergentes como China, India o Brasil y nuevas temáticas como el calentamiento global. Dentro de este marco se sitúan Chile y América Latina, las tendencias hacia la democracia, las nuevas formas de integracióny los desafíos de una presencia internacional mayor para contribuir al debate sobre la reestructuración de las instituciones políticas y económicas a nivel mundial.