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This think piece argues for the importance of administrative and bureaucratic labor –'mundane' things – in maintaining US-African global health research partnerships and the power relations within them. The daily work of accounting, compliance, and risk management undertaken by global health 'enabling systems' created by US universities contrasts with global health's heroic self-image and conjures up negative imaginaries of intransigent African bureaucracies, crumbling communication infrastructure, and corruption. These negative imaginaries help to authorize forms of US fiscal and administrative control that may contradict global health's ethic of partnership and its related goal of 'building capacity' in low-income partner nations, as well as feed 'creative accounting' practices by both partner entities. Critiquing these inequalities may seem risky in an era of 'America First' and threatened cuts to global health funding. In fact, advocating for equity in global health partnerships and prioritizing the building of African institutional capacity are only made more urgent by the current political climate.

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is reaching into every aspect of global health. In this essay, I examine one example of AI's potential contributions and limitations in global health: the prediction, treatment, and containment of a global influenza outbreak. The potential advantages are clear. AI can aid global influenza surveillance platforms by improving the capacity of organizations to look for novel influenza outbreak strains in the right places, to identify populations most likely to spread influenza, and to produce real-time information about the disease's spread by monitoring social media communications to track outbreak events. There are also very real limitations to what AI can do, and it is crucial that AI not be used as an excuse not to invest in strengthening health systems and other traditional components of global healthcare. AI may also be able to improve our understanding of who should receive a vaccine and what is most effective for large-scale vaccine delivery, but there will always be blind spots that the data cannot fill. Investment in healthcare, with attention to the danger of minimal access to care for minority groups that are at risk and in fragile situations, remains the best chance to prepare communities for outbreak detection, surveillance, and containment.

This article addresses anthropology's engagement with the emerging discipline of global health. We develop a definition for global health and then present four principal contributions of anthropology to global health: (a) ethnographic studies of health inequities in political and economic contexts; (b) analysis of the impact on local worlds of the assemblages of science and technology that circulate globally; (c) interrogation, analysis, and critique of international health programs and policies; and (d) analysis of the health consequences of the reconfiguration of the social relations of international health development.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Introduction -- 1. METRICS OF THE GLOBAL SOVEREIGN. Numbers and Stories in Global Health -- PART I. GETTING GOOD NUMBERS -- 2. ESTIMATING DEATH. A Close Reading of Maternal Mortality Metrics in Malawi -- 3. THE OBLIGATION TO COUNT. The Politics of Monitoring Maternal Mortality in Nigeria -- PART II. METRICS POLITICS -- 4. THE POWER OF DATA. Global Malaria Governance and the Senegalese Data Retention Strike -- 5. NATIVE SOVEREIGNTY BY THE NUMBERS. The Metrics of Yup'ik Behavioral Health Programs -- PART III. METRICS ECONOMICS -- 6. METRICS AND MARKET LOGICS OF GLOBAL HEALTH -- 7. WHEN GOOD WORKS COUNT -- PART IV. STORIED METRICS -- 8. WHEN NUMBERS AND STORIES COLLIDE. Randomized Controlled Trials and the Search for Ethnographic Fidelity in the Veterans Administration -- 9. THE TYRANNY OF THE WIDGET. An American Medical Aid Organization's Struggles with Quantification -- Epilogue: What Counts in Good Global Health? -- References -- Contributors -- Index

Global health diplomacy begins with a recognition that the most effective international health interventions are carried out with sensitivity to historical, political, social, economic, and cultural differences. It focuses on the interplay of globalization, economic interdependence, social justice, and the enlightened self-interests of nations. Global health diplomacy can help sustain peace and economic stability in a globalized world, but the skills necessary for this endeavour are not taught in standard health sciences curricula or in Foreign Service academies. However, they bear directly on the success of international health cooperation, be it from the global north to the global south or south-to-south cooperation. Global health diplomacy can be a critical pathway to assure good global governance and improved international relations among the great powers and between these powers and the developing world. It can be a mechanism to avert conflict and to augment health, peace, solidarity, economic progress, and multinational cooperation

Intro -- STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL HEALTH -- STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL HEALTH -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAMS: FY2004-FY2009 -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- CDC'S GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAMS -- CDC Global Health Funding: FY2004-FY2009 -- Apportionment of CDC Global Health Funding: FY2004-FY2009 -- Global HIV/AIDS -- President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) -- Global Malaria -- President's Malaria Initiative -- Global Tuberculosis -- Global Disease Detection -- Pandemic and Avian Influenza -- Global Immunization -- Polio -- Measles -- Other CDC Global Health Programs -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- Global Health Budget -- Global Disease Detection -- Staff Shortages -- Coordination of Global Health Programs -- Author Contact Information -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 GLOBAL HEALTH: APPROPRIATIONS TO USAID PROGRAMS FROM FY2001 THROUGH FY2009 -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- USAID GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAMS: FY2001-FY2003 -- USAID GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAMS: FY2004-FY2008 -- CHANGES IN USAID GLOBAL HEALTH APPROPRIATIONS SINCE PEPFAR AUTHORIZATION -- FY2009 Appropriations -- Author Contact Information -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 THE IMPACT OF FOOD INSECURITY AND HUNGER ON GLOBAL HEALTH: ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND ON GLOBAL HUNGER AND FOOD INSECURITY -- DIRECT HEALTH-RELATED CONSEQUENCES OF HIGH FOOD PRICES AND FOOD INSECURITY -- Increased Hunger Related Deaths and Susceptibility to Disease -- INDIRECT CONSEQUENCES OF HIGH FOOD PRICES AND FOOD INSECURITY -- Deeper Poverty -- Declines in Agricultural Productivity -- Increases in Rural-to-Urban Migration -- Declines in School Attendance -- Declines in Future Learning and Earning Capacity -- Increases in High-Risk Activity and Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS -- U.S. RESPONSES TO THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS