Suchergebnisse

International audience ; AB STRACT This article analyses the impact of new institutional structures in global health governance (GHG) on the realization of social rights in poor countries. Focusing on the example of global HIV/AIDS politics. The article argues that new governance modes increase the participation of civil society groups and affected communities, but also that they are frequently instrumentalized by powerful actors to pursue their particular interests. In fact, increasing resources are mobilized for the fight against poverty-related diseases. The article concludes that, as the experience of HIV/AIDS politics, the conflicts around the TRIPS Agreement and the development of Global Public-Private Partnerships GPPPs suggest, GHG is characterized by a combination of moral values and material interests that does not guarantee a comprehensive realization of social rights, but which allows some progress in the fight against poverty-related diseases — a step toward realization of social rights.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Brief Contents -- Contents -- The Essential Public Health Series -- Foreword -- Editor's Preface -- Author's Preface -- About the Text -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 The Principles and Goals of Global Health -- Vignettes -- Why Study Global Health? -- Health, Public Health, and Global Health -- One Health and Planetary Health -- Critical Global Health Concepts -- The Organization of Data in This Text -- The Sustainable Development Goals -- Case Study: Smallpox Eradication- The Most Famous Success Story -- Central Messages of This Text -- Chapter 2 Health Determinants, Measurements, and the Status of Health Globally -- Vignettes -- The Importance of Measuring Health Status -- The Determinants and Social Determinants of Health -- Key Health Indicators -- Vital Registration -- Main Messages -- Chapter 3 The Global Burden of Disease -- Vignettes -- Measuring the Burden of Disease -- Burden of Disease Data -- The Burden of Deaths and Disease Within Countries -- Risk Factors -- Demography and Health -- Progress in Health Status -- The Burden of Disease: Looking Forward -- The Development Challenge of Improving Health -- Case Study -- Main Messages -- Chapter 4 Health, Education, Equity, and the Economy -- Vignettes -- Introduction -- Health, Education, Productivity, and Poverty -- Health Disparities -- Health Expenditure and Health Outcomes -- Public and Private Expenditure on Health -- The Cost-Effectiveness of Health Interventions -- Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Health and Development -- Case Studies -- Main Messages -- Chapter 5 Ethical and Human Rights Concerns in Global Health -- Vignettes -- The Importance of Ethical and Human Rights Issues in Global Health -- The Foundations for Health and Human Rights -- Selected Human Rights Issues -- Research with Human Subjects.

Experience teaches that the Framework Convention on Global Health (FCGH) will need a financing facility if it is to garner widespread acceptance among low-income countries. The promise of financing is a well-established carrot to encourage countries to assume new convention-imposed obligations that will be costly to carry out. Promising to provide financing as part of an intergovernmental call for commitment also activates a rights-based approach. For donor and recipient countries, a funding facility embodies an actualization of their commitment to a convention's collective undertaking to address a given issue. Donors signal their commitment through their contributions; recipients signal commitment through their efforts to use any support received to achieve the convention's objectives. This essay highlights the need for an FCGH financing facility, provides a preliminary sketch of what it should look like, and urges the facility's creators to adopt a bold and innovative approach that draws upon, but improves, current precedents. Adapted from the source document.

"Following the publication of Negotiating and Navigating Global Health: Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy edited by Ellen Rosskam and Ilona Kickbusch, this second volume of case studies will complement the first volume and extends its scope. The new book focuses on health diplomacy negotiations, in Geneva and elsewhere, that have involved WHO or that have substantial implications for the work of WHO. Each of the chapters provides a detailed account of a particular example of global health negotiation, concerning hard and soft law instruments but also addressing the full range of health issues — reaching from issues of research and development, polio eradication, NCDs and plain packaging, to the post-2015 process, the WHO reform and non-state involvement. The book therefore captures a wide-range of experiences of distinguished diplomats, academics and senior practitioners. The contributions to the book are written by negotiators and academics and thus, will provide a unique angle and a tool of reflection for a broad audience. In particular, it will be of interest not only to the academic community and students, but also to policy-makers and diplomats. The case studies will allow for learning on how negotiations work in a complex policy environment. The focus on WHO will explore how a major international organization engages in global health diplomacy and on the implications that health-related diplomacy taking place in a variety of settings has for its work. As such, the book is an important contribution to the growing field of global health diplomacy and to the debate about the role of WHO in the 21str century."--Publisher's website

ABSTRACTSome 40 years ago, the public health philosopher Dan Beauchamp suggested that 'public health should be a way of doing justice'. The argument put forward in this essay is that global health should be a way of doing global justice, by ameliorating the health inequalities that exclude many millions of people globally from enjoying a healthy life and from the benefits of a fuller inclusion in modern society. The essay develops this argument in three stages. First, it sets out some points of intersection between the politics of (global) health and competing ideas of justice. It offers a very basic typology of global health policy and practice that divides it into 'market‐justice' and 'social‐justice' models, and shows why it is the market‐justice model that at present dominates. Second, the essay explores how mainstream 'market‐justice' approaches to global health deal with the problem of health inequality rather weakly, and it is suggested that there are both historical and geographical reasons for this. Third, three 'social‐justice' approaches to global health are explored that better take those historical and geographical conditions into account. In conclusion the essay offers some thoughts on the political uses of theories of justice.

Reflecting on the recent West African Ebola outbreak, this piece advocates for a critical and people-centered approach both to and within global health. I discuss the current state of the field as well as critical theoretical responses to it, arguing that an ethnographic focus on evidence and efficacy at the local level raises rather than lowers the bar for thoughtful inquiry and action. The current moment calls less for the all-knowing hubris of totalizing analytical schemes than for a human science (and politics) of the uncertain and unknown. It is the immanent negotiations of people, institutions, technologies, evidence, social forms, ecosystems, health, efficacy, and ethics – in their temporary stabilization, production, excess, and creation – that animate the unfinishedness of ethnography and critical global health.

The opening ten years of the 21st century arguably were the decade of global health. Resources increased significantly and many millions of lives were saved and improved. The rapid expansion in global health was part of a broader conceptual movement that created core principles for the use of resources in a new era in development. The first expression of new thinking was the historic Monterrey Consensus, which was later refined by the Paris Declaration and the Accra Accord. The foundational principle outlined in those agreements is a move from paternalism to shared responsibility and mutual accountability. Key to shared responsibility are leadership and strategic direction for the use of resources by the country in which they are deployed ("country ownership"). Achieving country ownership requires good governance, a results-based approach, and the engagement of all sectors of society. Adapted from the source document.

Cover -- Half Title -- Copyright Page -- Title Page -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- List of Boxes -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 The Story So Far -- Recent Progress and Significant Challenges -- Understanding the Story So Far -- Understanding and Shaping the Story Going Forward -- Why This Volume? -- Conclusion -- 2 Understanding Health: Concepts, Relationships, and Dynamics -- Measuring the Disease Burden -- Observing mortality -- Summarizing mortality -- Observing morbidity -- Measures of disease occurrence -- Measures of overall morbidity -- Combining morbidity and mortality into a single measure -- Understanding Health Outcomes -- Distal Drivers of Health -- Income -- Education -- Time and its underlying elements -- More Proximate Determinants of Health -- Super-Distal Drivers and the Broader Uncertainty Context of Health -- Technology and biological limits -- The social environment -- Domestic health expenditures and other social influences on health -- Global health initiatives -- The natural environment -- Conclusion -- 3 Forecasting Global Health -- Integrating Health with Broader Human Development: The Larger IFs System -- All-Cause Mortality Models -- The Emergence and Development of Structural Models -- Global burden of disease -- Comparative risk assessment and forecasting -- Specialized disease-cause models and systems dynamics approaches -- GISMO: Integrating structural and dynamic representations -- Returning to the general purposes of existing forecasting approaches -- Building a hybrid, integrated system -- Modeling Health in IFs -- The GBD (mostly distal driver) model foundation in IFs -- Specialized structural model formulations and approaches in IFs -- Smoking, smoking impact, and chronic diseases -- HIV/AIDS -- Road traffic accident deaths.