Suchergebnisse

La salud global es importante para cualquier enfermera en cualquier lugar del mundo. En este artículo detallamos por qué. Destacamos algunos problemas de salud importantes que enfrenta el mundo actualmente, estudiamos de qué manera se están abordando estos problemas y consideramos las repercusiones para la Enfermería. Describimos de qué manera las enfermeras están marcando la diferencia en los contextos problemáticos, la amplitud y complejidad del trabajo de Enfermería en todo el planeta y concluimos con una convocatoria para la acción. Las enfermeras pueden influenciar a los encargados de elaborar normas y a los políticos (además de pasar a desempeñar esos roles) y explicarles por qué las Metas de desarrollo sustentable no pueden alcanzarse sin fortalecer la Enfermería. En este Año Internacional de las Enfermeras y Parteras la ventana de las oportunidades está abierta, pero no será así por mucho tiempo. Tanto a nivel global como local, las enfermeras deben estar preparadas para aprovecharla. Les pedimos que se tomen de las manos y que se sumen a nosotros. ; Global health matters to every nurse everywhere. In this article we outline why. We highlight some important health issues confronting the world today; explore how these issues are being tackled; and consider the implications for nursing. We describe how nurses are making a difference in the challenging contexts, range and complexity of nursing work round the globe, and we conclude with a call to action. Nurses can influence, and become, policy-makers and politicians, and explain to them why the Sustainable Development Goals cannot be reached without strengthening nursing. In this International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, the window of opportunity is open, but it will not stay open for long. Nurses and midwives globally and locally must be ready to jump through it. We ask you to join hands, and join us. ; A saúde global importa para os enfermeiros do mundo todo. Neste artigo, descrevemos o motivo. Destacamos algumas questões de saúde importantes que o mundo está enfrentando atualmente; exploramos como essas questões estão sendo abordadas; e consideramos as implicações para a Enfermagem. Descrevemos como os enfermeiros estão fazendo a diferença nos contextos desafiadores, destacamos a extensão e a complexidade dos trabalhos dos enfermeiros ao redor do mundo, e concluímos com um apelo à ação. Os enfermeiros podem influenciar, e se tornarem, elaboradores de política e políticos, e explicar para eles o motivo pelo qual os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável não podem ser alcançados sem fortalecer a Enfermagem. Neste Ano Internacional da Enfermagem e da Obstetrícia, a janela de oportunidade está aberta, mas não ficará aberta por muito tempo. Os enfermeiros e as parteiras devem estar prontos para atravessar essa janela, tanto em nível global quanto local. Pedimos que vocês deem as mãos e juntem-se a nós.

This paper offers an analysis of the illiberal practices and discourse of the Global War on Terror (GWoT) and demonstrates how the United States of America used the liberal argument as a qualitative metric of its success and failure in the GWoT. I argue that 'the othering' of Salafi Jihadists as well the full military involvement in Afghanistan and Iraq were both philosophically rooted in the liberal thinking of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, which have traditionally guided US foreign policy. More significantly, these liberal philosophies of history and international relations hold within them the seeds of illiberalism by depicting non-liberal, undemocratic societies/organisations as 'barbaric' – and as such prime candidates for intervention and regime change. Predicated upon this logic, the discourse of the GWoT framed Al Qaeda as a key existential threat to not only the United States but also the 'civilised world' in general and one which required a 'liberal defensive war' in response. It was the successful securitisation of Al Qaeda that essentially enabled the United States to adopt deeply illiberal policies to counter this so-called existential threat by using any means at its disposal.

Brasil ha sido un lugar importante para implementar prácticas participativas después de su democratización. En 2011, junto con otros siete gobiernos fundadores, Brasil respaldó la Alianza para el de Gobierno Abierto (OGP) y anunció los planes del país para promover una mayor transparencia en las prácticas gubernamentales. El país se convirtió en parte de una iniciativa multilateral que hoy reúne a más de 70 países. Desde su difusión internacional, esta iniciativa fue incorporada por la ciudad de San Pablo, que creó el Comité Intersecretarial de Gobierno Abierto en 2014. Describimos la incorporación de la OGP y de su proceso de difusión y discutimos los desafíos de difusión e institucionalización de una política global a nivel local, entre 2013 y 2016. Las principales conclusiones abordan la importancia de institucionalizar las prácticas políticas además de la difusión de políticas; la importancia del análisis microinstitucional y del trabajo institucional en la teoría organizacional para comprender la importancia de los actores clave en el proceso de implementación; y la influencia de la arquitectura institucional en la implementación de la OGP. ; Brasil ha sido un lugar importante para implementar prácticas participativas después de su democratización. En 2011, junto con otros siete gobiernos fundadores, Brasil respaldó la Alianza para el de Gobierno Abierto (OGP) y anunció los planes del país para promover una mayor transparencia en las prácticas gubernamentales. El país se convirtió en parte de una iniciativa multilateral que hoy reúne a más de 70 países. Desde su difusión internacional, esta iniciativa fue incorporada por la ciudad de San Pablo, que creó el Comité Intersecretarial de Gobierno Abierto en 2014. Describimos la incorporación de la OGP y de su proceso de difusión y discutimos los desafíos de difusión e institucionalización de una política global a nivel local, entre 2013 y 2016. Las principales conclusiones abordan la importancia de institucionalizar las prácticas políticas además de la difusión de políticas; la importancia del análisis microinstitucional y del trabajo institucional en la teoría organizacional para comprender la importancia de los actores clave en el proceso de implementación; y la influencia de la arquitectura institucional en la implementación de la OGP. ; O Brasil tem sido um importante locus de implementação de práticas participativas após sua democratização. Em 2011, ao lado de outros sete governos fundadores, o Brasil endossou a Open Government Partnership (OGP) e anunciou os planos para promover maior transparência nas práticas governamentais. O país passou a fazer parte de uma iniciativa multilateral que hoje reúne mais de 70 países. A partir de sua difusão internacional, essa iniciativa foi incorporada pela cidade de São Paulo, que criou o Comitê Intersecretarial de Governo Aberto em 2014. Descrevemos a incorporação do OGP a partir de seu processo de difusão e discutimos os desafios de difusão e institucionalização de uma política global no nível local, ocorrida entre 2013 e 2016. As principais conclusões abordam a importância da institucionalização das práticas políticas além da difusão de políticas; a importância da análise microinstitucional e do trabalho institucional na teoria organizacional para compreender a importância dos principais agentes no processo de implementação; e a influência da arquitetura institucional na implementação do OGP.

This paper examines how reforming literacy education has become a key policy priority for contemporary conservative political movements. In Brazil, a right-wing populist Federal Government has prioritized a shift to "phonics", while in the US and Australia conservative advocacy of phonics has resulted in policy changes over the past three decades. Phonics policy advocacy (PPA) is examined as part of a shift in the terrain of political debate towards control of cultural and educational institutions, championed by new types of policy coalition. Further, phonics policy advocacy (PPA) gains space as a result of transnational sharing of personnel, discourses and political strategy amongst conservative groups. The analysis points to connections between religious, traditionalist and neoliberal components of contemporary conservative policy advocacy. The discussion is based on examination of media reporting and policy statements, focusing on the Brazilian case, suggesting that commercial and ideological interests are particularly close in this setting, relative to other contexts that have been studied previously.

Resenha da obra LEONG, Susan; LEE, Terence. Global internet governance: influences from Malaysia and Singapore. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, de forma interdisciplinar, as condições necessárias e os caminhos para concretizar um modelo econômico e político de maior autonomia no cenário mundial para os países da América do Sul. O enfoque parte das condições políticas e sociais configuradas pela região ao fim da primeira década do presente século, enfatizando o papel do Brasil e considerando as relações econômicas e políticas do contexto internacional, a estabilidade política e o crescente protagonismo da China nos países da região. Analisa ainda aspectos referentes à importância da política social e da política de defesa comum sob a União das Nações Sul-Americanas (Unasul). ; The aim of this paper is to discuss, in an interdisciplinary way, the necessary conditions and steps to achieve a more autonomous political and economic model on the world stage for South America countries. It departs from the political and social conditions of the region by the end of the first decade of this century. Emphasis is placed on the role of Brazil across the region in the light of the economic and political relations in the international arena, political stability and the growing influence of China. It also examines issues concerning the importance of maintaining an inclusive social policy and a common defense policy under the Southern America Nations Union (Unasur).

Brazil, together with India and South Africa, now represent a renewed source of international pressure, views, and resources. IBSA has brought together these three developing nations, that are regional powerhouses, therefore simultaneously opening space for affirmative multilateralism, intra-South political coordination. They countries have been dedicating special attention to the rule-making process of global governance agendas and institutions. While broadening and deepening the scope of their responsibilities and commitments to other developing countries, they have been crafting innovative forms of inter-state collaboration. The chance to sit together at the UNSC in 2011 as non-permanent members became a major opportunity for IBSA. During this year, this group was able to share and reinforce the values and perspectives on world politics and security in an effort to strengthen a Southern critical appraisal of the post-cold war liberal peace concepts and prescriptions. Whereas western powers have downplayed the importance of reviewing its methods and procedures UNSC, IBSA countries have transmitted their special concern with the flaws of UN bureaucratic coordination, the needs for improvement in the links between SC, the GA and the executive boards of the UN agencies. Brazil has become especially concerned with the question of legitimacy of the use of force in international intervention as well as the humanitarian impact of military action and the importance of solutions which sought equilibrium between peace, solidarity, sovereignty and sustainable development."Assistance and cooperation, rather than coercion must be our watchwords", have been Brazil's pledge at the UNCS.

A boa nutrição é o sustentáculo do bem-estar humano. Boa nutrição antes do nascimento e ao longo da infância permite que o cérebro funcione e evolua sem problemas e que os sistemas imunológicos se desenvolvam com mais vigor. Para as crianças pequenas, um nível de boa nutrição afasta a morte e prepara o corpo para crescer e desenvolver todo o seu potencial. No decorrer da vida humana, a boa nutrição leva a melhor aproveitamento escolar, mães mais bem alimentadas que dão à luz crianças mais bem nutridas, e adultos que tem maior probabilidade de serem produtivos e receber salários melhores. Durante a meia-idade, a boa nutrição origina metabolismos melhor preparados para proteger contra doenças associadas a mudanças na dieta e atividade física. Sem uma boa nutrição as vidas e meios de vida das pessoas são como que construídos em areia movediça. ; Supplementary Online Materials ix Acknowledgments x Abbreviations xii Executive summary xiii Chapter 1 ntroduction 2 Chapter 2 Nutrition Is Central to Sustainable Development 7 Chapter 3 Progress toward the World Health Assembly Nutrition Targets Is Too Slow1 5 Chapter 4 The Coexistence of Different Forms of Malnutrition Is the "New Normal" 22 Chapter 5 The Coverage of Nutrition-Specific Interventions Needs to Improve 29 Chapter 6 Interventions Addressing the Underlying Determinants of Nutrition Status Are Important, but They Need to Be More Nutrition sensitive 38 Chapter 7 The Enabling Environment Is Improving, but Not Quickly Enough 47 Chapter 8 The Need to Strengthen Accountability in Nutrition 56 Chapter 9 What Are the Priorities for Investment in Improved Nutrition Data? 67 Chapter 10 Key Messages and Recommendations 71 Appendix 1 The Nutrition Country Profile: A Tool for Action 75 Appendix 2 Which Countries Are on Course to Meet Several WHA Targets? 77 Appendix 3 Which Countries Are on Course for Which WHA Targets? 79 Appendix 4 Donor Spending on Nutrition-Specific and Nutrition-Sensitive Interventions and Programs 84 Appendix 5 How Accountable Is the Global Nutrition Report? 86 Appendix 6 Availability of Data for Nutrition Country Profile Indicators 88 Notes 91 References 95 PANELS Panel 11 Types of Nutrition Investment, Lawrence Haddad 4 Panel 21 Nutrition and the Sustainable Development Goals—No Room for Complacency, Michael Anderson 11 Panel 22 Some New Data from India: What If?, Lawrence Haddad, Komal Bhatia, and Kamilla Eriksen 12 Panel 23 How Did Maharashtra Cut Child Stunting?, Lawrence Haddad 13 Panel 24 Can Improving the Underlying Determinants of Nutrition Help Meet the WHA Targets?, Lisa Smith and Lawrence Haddad 14 Panel 41 Malnutrition in the United States and United Kingdom, Jessica Fanzo 25 Panel 42 Regional Drivers of Malnutrition in Indonesia, Endang Achadi with acknowledgment to Sudarno Sumarto and Taufik Hidayat 26 Panel 43 Compiling District-Level Nutrition Data in India, Purnima Menon and Shruthi Cyriac 27 Panel 44 Targeting Minority Groups at Risk in the United States, Jennifer Requejo and Joel Gittelsohn 28 Panel 51 Measuring Coverage of Programs to Treat Severe Acute Malnutrition, Jose Luis Alvarez 37 Panel 61 Trends in Dietary Quality among Adults in the United States, Daniel Wang and Walter Willett 41 Panel 62 How Did Bangladesh Reduce Stunting So Rapidly?, Derek Headey 43 Panel 63 Using an Agricultural Platform in Burkina Faso to Improve Nutrition during the First 1,000 Days, Deanna Kelly Olney, Andrew Dillon, Abdoulaye Pedehombga, Marcellin Ouédraogo, and Marie Ruel 45 Panel 71 Is There a Better Way to Track Nutrition Spending? 48 Panel 72 Tracking Financial Allocations to Nutrition: Guatemala's Experience, Jesús Bulux, Otto Velasquez, Cecibel Juárez, Carla Guillén, and Fernando Arriola 49 Panel 73 A Tool for Assessing Government Progress on Creating Healthy Food Environments, Boyd Swinburn 51 Panel 74 Engaging Food and Beverage Companies through the Access to Nutrition Index, Inge Kauer 52 Panel 75 How Brazil Cut Child Stunting and Improved Breastfeeding Practices, Jennifer Requejo 54 Panel 81 Scaling Up Nutrition through Business, Jonathan Tench 61 Panel 82 How Civil Society Organizations Build Commitment to Nutrition, Claire Blanchard 62 Panel 83 Building Civil Society's Capacity to Push for Policies on Obesity and Noncommunicable Diseases, Corinna Hawkes 63 Panel 84 Can Community Monitoring Enhance Accountability for Nutrition?, Nick Nisbett and Dolf te Lintelo 64 Panel 85 National Evaluation Platforms: Potential for Nutrition, Jennifer Bryce and colleagues 65 Panel 86 The State of African Nutrition Data for Accountability and Learning, Carl Lachat, Joyce Kinabo, Eunice Nago, Annamarie Kruger, and Patrick Kolsteren 66 ; PR ; IFPRI1; CRP4; B Promoting healthy food systems ; DGO; A4NH; PHND ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

O presente trabalho apresenta criticamente como foi se formando a atual estrutura histórica de governança da internet (GI) ocidental e analisa tal ordem vigente, através do arcabouço da Teoria Crítica (TC) das Relações Internacionais (RI) e da perspectiva de um acadêmico posicionado no Sul Global, para perguntar como essa ordem surgiu e se desenvolveu. Tem-se como objetivo avaliar o seguinte argumento central: a dinâmica neoliberal capturou a natureza inicial comunitária da internet tanto através de iniciativas estatais (Estados Unidos) quanto privadas (grandes empresas de dados)? Se sim, o modelo de governança privatizada ocidental em vigência supre as demandas dos países do Sul Global com relação ao futuro da internet? Para cumprir com o propósito crítico do trabalho, observam-se os pontos nevrálgicos dessa trajetória de constituição da GI no Ocidente, sempre da perspectiva de uma necessidade do Sul Global de reformar tal modelo observando nossas necessidades enquanto Estados e cidadãos. Alguns desses pontos são: a expertise detida pelo setor privado; a localização geográfica das empresas de dados; o papel dos Estados nas mesas de negociação multistakeholder; a pouca infraestrutura técnica do Sul Global; o design da internet. As metodologias a serem utilizadas são a revisão bibliográfica para apontar o desenvolvimento histórico citado e, a seguir, o método das estruturas históricas de Robert Cox. Este último será utilizado para avaliar a estrutura histórica hegemônica e apresentar uma proposta contra-hegemônica, ambas decorrentes da análise desse desenvolvimento histórico da GI ocidental.

The aim of the article is to present, based on theoretical studies of integration, the evolution of this process in Latin America and, most recently, in South America. Based on these studies, the goal is to analyze the role played by Brazil in the process, which defines as priorities of its foreign policy a regional and global framework for its international action that is based on both cooperation and power projection.The research has been conducted based on theories of integration, an historical background on Latin American integration and in Brazilian foreign policy, through its contemporary agenda. The answer was based on a comparative agenda and in a bibliographical critical analysis of the research material.The main findings of the paper point out that Latin American integration has specific features linked to the economic, political and stragetic realities of the continent that show the limitations of some theories applied to the European process, also that it depends on Brazilian foreign policy actions, that still sees the region as instrumental to its interests. So, Brazil sometimes fail to fulfill some requisites of integration that are essential to sustain its projects. Therefore, there is a cycle of enlargement and deepening of regional integration process in this political space that point out to the need of a more sustained compromise of Brazilian foreign policy towards these projects. If Brazil continues not to sustain these projects, they will lose momentum and significance once more, increasing power asymmetries in the region.

A crise global que entrou em erupção em 2007 levou muitos países a embarcar em políticas fiscais anticíclicas como forma de amortecer o golpe de uma demanda agregada deprimida. Os defensores de medidas discricionárias enfatizam que a política fiscal pode realmente estimular a economia. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar se as políticas fiscais seguidas pelo governo brasileiro após a crise de 2008 conseguiram retomar a economia de forma sustentável. Para este fim, os multiplicadores fiscais de cinco diferentes choques são estudados em uma pequena economia aberta. Nossos resultados apontam para o gasto público e para o investimento público como os instrumentos fiscais mais eficazes para combater a crise. No entanto, o multiplicador fiscal mais elevado acabou por ser o associado a reduções de impostos sobre consumo. ; The global crisis that erupted in 2007 led many countries to embark on countercyclical fiscal policies as a way to cushion the blow of a depressed aggregate demand. Advocates of discretionary measures emphasize that fiscal policy can indeed stimulate the economy. The main goal of this work is to assess whether the fiscal policies pursued by the Brazilian government in the aftermath of the 2008 crisis, succeeded in bringing the economy back on track in a sustainable fashion. To this end, the fiscal multipliers of five different shocks are studied in a small open-economy New Keynesian framework. Our results point to the government spending and public investment as the most effective fiscal tools for combating the crisis. However, the highest fiscal multiplier turned out to be the one associated with excise tax reductions.

The agroecology does not yet provide tools and analysis criteria to develop local and regional strategies, where political and institutional aspects play a key role. This article aims to contribute to overcoming these deficiencies by the theoretical foundation of how it should be Agroecology involved in politics. Family farming is the subject. It is through her that already develops agroecology, getting a transition from the model of traditional agriculture, which provides food security for an alternative model. First, it is argued that, as a socio-ecological construction, agro-ecosystems is the product of power relations. Secondly, it shows the close relationship that the dynamics of agro-ecosystems have with politics and therefore the important role they occupy in agroecological transition. Currently you can see that there is very little reflection on the politics of Agroecology. However, the range of agroecological movements and experiences that are held at different levels of both local and regional governments advise the development of political aspects of agro-ecological theory. Finally, a diagnosis attempted under the situation of global food system, in which the context of agroecological experiments must be developed.