There has been no shortage of theories which purport to explain why globalisation may have, adverse, insignificant or even beneficial effects on income and earnings inequality. Surprisingly, the empirical realities remain an almost complete mystery. In this paper we use data on industrial wage inequality, household income inequality as well as measures of the economic, social and political dimensions of globalisation to examine this controversial issue. We find that the economic dimension of globalisation, and – less robustly – political integration, have exacerbated wage inequality in developed countries. In contrast, the impact of globalisation on both income and earnings inequality in less-developed countries has been negligible.
Antonio Gramsci's point that battles are won and lost on the terrain of ideology is a much earlier and more complex explanation of the mediations between objective economic and social conditions and politics. It accounts generally for the fact that the continuation of contradiction—as must ever be the case under capitalism—and the worsening conditions for the majority of the world's population do not mean the emergence of a political opposition to capitalism. Put simply, the great traditional workforces cannot strike at capitalism in its new heart. On the other hand, the two percent might be able to do so if it was not disaggregated because of its dispersal in new workforces that have no central workplaces or sufficient shared experience to overcome cultural differences, which divide rather than unite—if it did not live the new space-time relation. This labour mobility undoes class formation, even among those who do not share in the benefits of globalisation but dream of doing so. It remains to be seen whether the new nationalism and its closed borders, which keep such migrants at home with their contradictions, will foster conditions for the constitution of new collective working-class consciousness. Global capitalism fixes class relations in an impure state—a pure duality of capitalists and proletariat never develops anywhere. This means that any socialist transformation requires the building of a cross-class alliance of majorities on national-popular bases, rather than class. Therefore, that hegemony, which permits new ideas to become social forces, has to win out over the old hegemony in an organisational "war of position."
International audience ; Globalisation has emerged as an important phenomenon affecting the environment in which businesses operate. While trade and economic issues have dominated public perception of globalisation, we argue that it needs to be construed as a multi-dimensional construct. Based on a social representations perspective, this study surveys executives to discern their attitudes towards globalisation. Results suggest that executives perceive globalisation in complex ways and are influenced by cultural, political and environmental issues, in addition to the business and economic ones. Nationality, age and work experience significantly affect their perception. The varying perceptions of the executives can affect how organisations deal with the opportunities and threats in the global environment, so organisations would benefit from building an internal consensus on their global vision.
International audience ; Globalisation has emerged as an important phenomenon affecting the environment in which businesses operate. While trade and economic issues have dominated public perception of globalisation, we argue that it needs to be construed as a multi-dimensional construct. Based on a social representations perspective, this study surveys executives to discern their attitudes towards globalisation. Results suggest that executives perceive globalisation in complex ways and are influenced by cultural, political and environmental issues, in addition to the business and economic ones. Nationality, age and work experience significantly affect their perception. The varying perceptions of the executives can affect how organisations deal with the opportunities and threats in the global environment, so organisations would benefit from building an internal consensus on their global vision.
International audience ; Globalisation has emerged as an important phenomenon affecting the environment in which businesses operate. While trade and economic issues have dominated public perception of globalisation, we argue that it needs to be construed as a multi-dimensional construct. Based on a social representations perspective, this study surveys executives to discern their attitudes towards globalisation. Results suggest that executives perceive globalisation in complex ways and are influenced by cultural, political and environmental issues, in addition to the business and economic ones. Nationality, age and work experience significantly affect their perception. The varying perceptions of the executives can affect how organisations deal with the opportunities and threats in the global environment, so organisations would benefit from building an internal consensus on their global vision.
There has been no shortage of theories which purport to explain why globalisation may have, adverse, insignificant or even beneficial effects on income and earnings inequality. Surprisingly, the empirical realities remain an almost complete mystery. In this paper we use data on industrial wage inequality, household income inequality as well as measures of the economic, social and political dimensions of globalisation to examine this controversial issue. We find that the economic dimension of globalisation, and - less robustly - political integration, have exacerbated wage inequality in developed countries. In contrast, the impact of globalisation on both income and earnings inequality in less-developed countries has been negligible.
L'auteur souligne, d'entrée de jeu, que si beaucoup de réflexions contemporaines sur les rapports entre la société et l'État se terminent par des points d'interrogation, c'est parce que nous ne savons pas de quelle société nous sommes en train de parler. La conscience de cette limite devient ainsi un instrument méthodologique indispensable pour interroger l'actuelle société qui déplace ses investissements sur les dimensions symboliques de l'action humaine. Par la suite, l'auteur examine l'incidence sur cette société du fait que l'information soit devenue la ressource centrale dans la production de la reproduction. Il poursuit en se penchant sur la transformation de la logique de domination et l'obligation qu'elle entraîne de dégager de nouveaux instruments d'analyse et la nécessité de faire faire un saut qualitatif aux concepts sociologiques pour aborder avec pertinence les nouvelles questions que ce social nouveau impose. C'est là que se pose la problématique de l'information, comme ressource centrale, et de son rapport à l'individualisation socialisée. L'auteur conclut que cette nouvelle individualisation, caractérisée par la capacité d'apprendre à apprendre, met en jeu une certaine idée du sujet collectif. Alors, le problème pour l'analyste est de repérer le champ de dilemmes, de conflits, et les conditions d'apparition des acteurs, des mouvements sociaux. En conclusion, l'auteur souligne que l'interrogation scientifique sur le champ est elle-même un élément du champ, et donc que les chercheurs, analystes et théoriciens sont autant construits par l'action sociale qu'ils contribuent à la construction de cette dernière. Ce qui l'amène à terminer en précisant qu'en avoir conscience constitue pour le « scientifique » son seul avantage et sa seule responsabilité.
Résumé Le crime est devenu la plus importante entreprise globalisée du monde. Fonctionnant selon les règles de l'économie de marché, l'entreprise criminelle a réussi à dépasser les frontières physiques et culturelles, pour devenir un puissant opérateur de plus en plus intégré. Système spécialisé, le crime est en voie d'hybridation accélérée, intégrant la dimension terroriste au rythme de sa déterritorialisation et de la mutation entre action « politique » et dévoiement criminel.
