GOLD MINING IN RHODESIA
In: Journal of the Royal African Society, Band 42, Heft 167, S. 76-77
ISSN: 1468-2621
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In: Journal of the Royal African Society, Band 42, Heft 167, S. 76-77
ISSN: 1468-2621
In: African affairs: the journal of the Royal African Society, Band 57, Heft 228, S. 221-240
ISSN: 1468-2621
In: Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report, Band 5, Heft 1, S. 54-63
ISSN: 1651-2286
In: Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report, Band 4, Heft 1, S. 30-40
ISSN: 1651-2286
In: Review of financial economics: RFE, Band 23, Heft 4, S. 174-181
ISSN: 1873-5924
AbstractThis paper studies the exposure of Australian gold mining firms to changes in the gold price. We use a theoretical framework to formulate testable hypotheses regarding the gold exposure of gold mining firms. The empirical analysis based on all gold mining firms in the S&P/ASX All Ordinaries Gold Index for the period from January 1980 to December 2010 finds that the average gold beta is around one but varies significantly through time. The relatively low average gold beta is attributed to the hedging and diversification of gold mining firms. We further find an asymmetric effect in gold betas, i.e. the gold exposure increases with positive gold price changes and decreases with negative gold price changes consistent with gold mining companies exercising real options on gold.
In: New Zealand economic papers, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 42-56
ISSN: 1943-4863
In: Peace economics, peace science and public policy, Band 20, Heft 1, S. 83-111
ISSN: 1554-8597
AbstractThe increase in the international price of commodities after the international financial crisis in 2008 produced a gold rush in the Colombian economy, making legal and illegal mining a very profitable and attractive business. The increase in the illegal exploitation of metals like gold has exacerbated violence in municipalities with an abundance of such minerals. Gold is believed to be a new engine in the Colombian conflict. This paper documents the phenomenon and quantifies the causal impact that the gold boom has had on indicators of violence such as homicides, forced displacement and massacres. We use the location of national parks, indigenous reserves and geochemical anomalies associated with the presence of gold mines as instruments for illegal mining in order to disentangle the causal effect of illegal mining on violence. By law, it is very difficult to get licenses for the extraction of gold in parks and indigenous reserves, and this might be a factor increasing the prevalence of illegal mining activities in municipalities with these features. In order to have time variation in our instruments, we interact geographical features associated with the presence of gold and illegal gold mining (which vary only at the municipal level) with the international price of gold. Our estimates indicate that the rise of illegal gold mining has caused a statistically significant increase in violence, as measured with the homicide rate and the victims of massacres. However, we do not find a significant causal effect of illegal gold mining on forced displacement. Our interpretation is that the increase in the profitability of illegal mining activities has sparked a dispute over territorial control between illegal armed groups in order to monopolize the extraction of the precious minerals. Nevertheless, illegal mining is a labor intensive activity, and this may have counteracted the incentives of illegal armed groups to displace local populations from their land.
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 23, Heft 5, S. 857-868
ISSN: 0305-750X
World Affairs Online
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 23, Heft 5, S. 857-868
In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Band 51, Heft 2, S. 77-78
In: Journal of Asian and African studies: JAAS, Band 26, Heft Jul-Oct 91
ISSN: 0021-9096
Identifying and analyzing the causes and consequences that generate the high consumption of mercury in gold mining activities is an internacional priority. In Colombia, eighty-seven percent of the country's gold mines have no mining title and only 3% posses environmental lawlessness, the failures of formalization programs and the inadequacy of importation controls on the supply are the cause of the high consumption of mercury in Colombian mining. To diagnose the country's gold mining activities and the excessive use of mercury in them, we used six information sources (semi-structured interviews, 2011 Census on Mining Activities), nine dependent and 21 independent variables. The study evidenced the miners' partiality in favor of the use of mercury in the procurement of gold; the process is easy, quick and inexpensive. Mercury concentrations were found to be above tolerable levels. In response, government has opted for a policy of persecution of the activity rather than the promotion of their formalization.
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In: African affairs: the journal of the Royal African Society, Band 57, S. 221-240
ISSN: 0001-9909