Suchergebnisse

Handwritten letter from G.H. Daigneau, Ministère des Affaires Culturelles ; https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/michaud-1974-1985/1036/thumbnail.jpg

Doctor's dissertation--Paris University. ; Bibliography p. [121]-125. ; Mode of access: Internet.

SOMMAIRE/I. The principle of ministerial responsibility/A. Political responsibility/B. Political control/C. The absence of political control/II. The principle of continuity of the State/A. Current business/B. The development of cases courantes/1. The conditions of temps/2. The conditions of espace/3. The conditions for political action/C. The control of cases courantes/1. An ex ante external audit: the Council of Etat/2. An ex ante internal control: on gouvernement/3. An external ex-post control: the Council of Etat/4. An external ex-post control: the Constitutional Court/III. The principle of solidarity ; SOMMAIRE / I. Le principe de la responsabilité ministérielle / A. La responsabilité politique / B. Le contrôle politique / C. L'absence de contrôle politique / II. Le principe de la continuité de l'État / A. Le contour des affaires courantes / B. L'évolution des affaires courantes / 1. Les conditions de temps / 2. Les conditions d'espace / 3. Les conditions de l'action politique / C. Le contrôle des affaires courantes / 1. Un contrôle externe a priori : le Conseil d'Etat / 2. Un contrôle interne a priori : le gouvernement / 3. Un contrôle externe a posteriori : le Conseil d'Etat / 4. Un contrôle externe a posteriori : la Cour constitutionnelle / III. Le principe de solidarité

On an international level, countries face major problems of citizen distrust towards State institutions, episodes of corruption, lack of legitimacy in public decisions and discredited public organizations. Faced with this scenario, initiatives were taken to promote State openness and transparency.In 2011, the Open Government Partnership (hereinafter OGP) was launched worldwide, aimed towards fostering concrete commitments from governments to promote transparency, increase citizen participation in the debate and decision making process of public affairs, combat corruption and take advantage of new technologies to strengthen democratic governance and the quality of public services.In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, where it established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (hereinafter SDGs) to achieve in the next 15 years. SDG No. 16 refers to promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, facilitating access to justice for all and building effective and inclusive institutions at all levels.Among the goals to achieve this SDG are the following: creation of effective and transparent institutions that are accountable at all levels; ensuring the adoption of inclusive, participatory and representative decisions at all levels, and able to meet the required needs; and guarantee public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national laws and international agreements. ; On an international level, countries face major problems of citizen distrust towards State institutions, episodes of corruption, lack of legitimacy in public decisions and discredited public organizations. Faced with this scenario, initiatives were taken to promote State openness and transparency.In 2011, the Open Government Partnership (hereinafter OGP) was launched worldwide, aimed towards fostering concrete commitments from governments to promote transparency, increase citizen participation in the debate and decision making process of public affairs, combat corruption and take advantage of new technologies to strengthen democratic governance and the quality of public services.In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development1, where it established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (hereinafter SDGs) to achieve in the next 15 years. SDG No. 16 refers to promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, facilitating access to justice for all and building effective and inclusive institutions at all levels.Among the goals to achieve this SDG are the following: creation of effective and transparent institutions that are accountable at all levels; ensuring the adoption of inclusive, participatory and representative decisions at all levels, and able to meet the required needs; and guarantee public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national laws and international agreements.

[extract] Le droit à la liberté d'expression et son indissociable corollaire, la liberté d'information, constituent des prérequis indispensables à l'établissement et au maintien de ces principes dans toute construction ou transition démocratique. Il se fonde sur l'Article 19 de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme qui garantit à tous « le droit de chercher, de recevoir et de répandre les informations et les idées par quelque moyen que ce soit ». Être en mesure d'accéder à l'information publique est en effet un élément essentiel de la bonne gouvernance et l'un des aspects qui permet d'évaluer la gestion démocratique et l'ouverture d'une société à la participation des citoyens. L'accès à l'information permet aux citoyens d'évaluer les actions de leurs institutions et gouvernements ; il constitue la base pour un débat éclairé.

International audience ; The December 26 and 28 storms in 1999 caused windfalls on an unprecedented scale in France. The government published a relief program for French forests on January 12, 2000 that was later supplemented with a variety of measures tailored to meet specific problems. To encourage operators to log the fallen timber, one set of measures was designed to clear and improve the access roads, provide pre-financing for the purpose of removing the timber, train loggers and subsidise machinery purchases. A second group of measures, designed to maximise the value of the exceptionally large quantities of timber that needed to be harvested very rapidly, was implemented to encourage the industry to store wood, delay felling of stands that had remained intact, move timber outside the devastated areas, as well as to promote the use of wood. The third group of measures focussed on protecting and reconstituting damaged forests by means of phytosanitary means, prevention of the intensified risk of forest fires, incentives in favour of land restructuring as a prelude to reforestation, clearing of damaged plots and the reforestation operations themselves. Special terms were applied to land tax, income tax, wealth tax and VAT. Finally, the government also set up various accompanying measures such as damage assessment by aerial photography, assignment of additional staff to field organisations, special aid for state forests and establishment of a think tank to explore forest insurance issues. ; Les tempêtes des 26 et 28 décembre 1999 ont causé des chablis d'une ampleur sans précédent en France. Un plan gouvernemental pour la forêt française a été rendu public par le gouvernement le 12 janvier 2000, puis complété par diverses mesures en fonction des problèmes identifiés. Afin de faciliter l'exploitation des bois, diverses mesures ont visé à dégager et améliorer le réseau de desserte, à préfinancer la sortie des bois, à former des bûcherons, et à subventionner l'acquisition de matériels. En vue de valoriser au mieux ...

Les tempêtes des 26 et 28 décembre 1999 ont causé des chablis d'une ampleur sans précédent en France. Un plan gouvernemental pour la forêt française a été rendu public par le gouvernement le 12 janvier 2000, puis complété par diverses mesures en fonction des problèmes identifiés. Afin de faciliter l'exploitation des bois, diverses mesures ont visé à dégager et améliorer le réseau de desserte, à préfinancer la sortie des bois, à former des bûcherons, et à subventionner l'acquisition de matériels. En vue de valoriser au mieux des quantités exceptionnelles de bois à récolter rapidement, un deuxième groupe de mesures a encouragé le stockage du bois, le report des coupes encore intactes des communes forestières, le transport des bois en dehors des zones sinistrées, ainsi que la promotion des emplois du bois. La protection et la reconstitution des forêts sinistrées étaient au c¦ur d'un troisième groupe de mesures portant sur la protection sanitaire des forêts, la prévention des risques accrus d'incendies, les incitations à la restructuration foncière préalable à la reconstitution, le nettoyage des parcelles sinistrées et la reconstitution proprement dite. Un certain nombre de mesures fiscales exceptionnelles ont été mises en place, concernant le foncier, l'impôt sur le revenu ou la fortune, et la TVA. Enfin le gouvernement a mis en place diverses mesures d'accompagnement, telles que l'inventaire aérien des dégâts, le renfort en personnels des structures de terrain, des aides particulières pour les forêts publiques, tout en initiant une réflexion sur les assurances en forêt. ; The December 26 and 28 storms in 1999 caused windfalls on an unprecedented scale in France. The government published a relief program for French forests on January 12, 2000 that was later supplemented with a variety of measures tailored to meet specific problems. To encourage operators to log the fallen timber, one set of measures was designed to clear and improve the access roads, provide pre-financing for the purpose of removing the timber, train loggers and subsidise machinery purchases. A second group of measures, designed to maximise the value of the exceptionally large quantities of timber that needed to be harvested very rapidly, was implemented to encourage the industry to store wood, delay felling of stands that had remained intact, move timber outside the devastated areas, as well as to promote the use of wood. The third group of measures focussed on protecting and reconstituting damaged forests by means of phytosanitary means, prevention of the intensified risk of forest fires, incentives in favour of land restructuring as a prelude to reforestation, clearing of damaged plots and the reforestation operations themselves. Special terms were applied to land tax, income tax, wealth tax and VAT. Finally, the government also set up various accompanying measures such as damage assessment by aerial photography, assignment of additional staff to field organisations, special aid for state forests and establishment of a think tank to explore forest insurance issues.

Univ. d'Aix-Marseille. ; Bibliographie: p. 1 - 3. ; Mode of access: Internet.

French and English. ; "Reproduced, almost without alteration, from a document of the Quebec Legislature." ; With English translation by Crawford Lindsay. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Traduction anglaise par Crawford Lindsay. ; Textes en français et en anglais. ; Reproduction électronique. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Mode d'accès: World Wide Web. ; 44

Aperçu des mécanismes de financement général des communes et des enjeux politiques sous-jacents.

This booklet tackles the various consequences of the implementation of ESA95 on local government accounts : global budgetary constraints, relation with local accounting, impact on local investments, treatment of Public-Private Partnership operations.

The constituent articles of this dissertation analyze the financial market failures traditionally identified by economists (associated with externalities, information asymmetries and incompleteness of markets) and the policy responses. A central observation is that public interventions have almost never resulted from a cold analysis of these market failures but are decided in a hurry to respond to the most obvious shortcomings observed during a crisis. This pragmatic and a-theoretical approach leads to poorly calibrated interventions. These articles are addressing in particular the lender of last resort policy that encourages the issuance of various short-term debts by financial institutions and feeds systemic risk. They also highlight the risks of certain reforms decided after the "subprime" crisis. Governments should focus on the provision of public goods clearly identified by economic analysis (control of "agents" and information), and should not multiply risky interventions that sometimes create more market imperfections than they claim to solve. ; Les articles constitutifs de cette thèse analysent les défaillances des marchés financiers traditionnellement identifiées par les économistes (associées aux externalités, aux asymétries d'information et à l'incomplétude des marchés) et les réponses des pouvoirs publics. Une observation centrale est que les interventions publiques ne résultent presque jamais d'une analyse à froid de ces défaillances de marché, mais se décident dans l'urgence pour répondre aux dysfonctionnements les plus évidents observés lors d'une crise. Cette approche pragmatique et a-théorique conduit à des interventions mal calibrées. Ces articles s'attaquent notamment à la politique du prêteur en dernier ressort qui encourage l'endettement à court terme des institutions financières, et nourrit le risque systémique. Ils soulignent également les risques de certaines réformes décidées à la suite de la crise des « subprime ». Les pouvoirs publics devraient se concentrer sur la fourniture des biens ...

The constituent articles of this dissertation analyze the financial market failures traditionally identified by economists (associated with externalities, information asymmetries and incompleteness of markets) and the policy responses. A central observation is that public interventions have almost never resulted from a cold analysis of these market failures but are decided in a hurry to respond to the most obvious shortcomings observed during a crisis. This pragmatic and a-theoretical approach leads to poorly calibrated interventions. These articles are addressing in particular the lender of last resort policy that encourages the issuance of various short-term debts by financial institutions and feeds systemic risk. They also highlight the risks of certain reforms decided after the "subprime" crisis. Governments should focus on the provision of public goods clearly identified by economic analysis (control of "agents" and information), and should not multiply risky interventions that sometimes create more market imperfections than they claim to solve. ; Les articles constitutifs de cette thèse analysent les défaillances des marchés financiers traditionnellement identifiées par les économistes (associées aux externalités, aux asymétries d'information et à l'incomplétude des marchés) et les réponses des pouvoirs publics. Une observation centrale est que les interventions publiques ne résultent presque jamais d'une analyse à froid de ces défaillances de marché, mais se décident dans l'urgence pour répondre aux dysfonctionnements les plus évidents observés lors d'une crise. Cette approche pragmatique et a-théorique conduit à des interventions mal calibrées. Ces articles s'attaquent notamment à la politique du prêteur en dernier ressort qui encourage l'endettement à court terme des institutions financières, et nourrit le risque systémique. Ils soulignent également les risques de certaines réformes décidées à la suite de la crise des « subprime ». Les pouvoirs publics devraient se concentrer sur la fourniture des biens ...

Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This French-language edition of the journal of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) includes articles regarding: (1) the European Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions' examination of issues related to the independence of national audit offices; (2) the Dutch government's search for a new form of accountability; (3) the preparedness of Zimbabwe's government for the fiscal year 2000; (4) audit profiles of St. Kitts and Nevis; (5) reports in print on auditing; and (6) activities inside INTOSAI."