Search results

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview -- Carol L. Hufnagel, P.E. and Nancy D. Rottle, MLA, RLA -- 1.0 Introduction -- 2.0 Intent and Organization of the Manual -- 3.0 Green Infrastructure Terminology -- 4.0 A Historical Perspective of Green Infrastructure -- 4.1 Recognizing Land Management as Part of Stormwater -- 4.2 The Birth of Low Impact Development -- 4.3 Green Infrastructure Gaining Momentum -- 4.4 Broader Regulatory Acceptance and Recognition of Multiple Benefits -- 5.0 Green Infrastructure Regulatory Drivers -- 6.0 References -- 7.0 Suggested Readings -- Chapter 2 Navigating the Institutional Landscape -- Brandon C. Vatter, P.E. and Kelly Karll, P.E. -- 1.0 Introduction -- 2.0 Community Stakeholder Workshops -- 2.1 Defining Measurable Goals and Objectives of a Green Infrastructure Program -- 2.1.1 Regulatory, Environmental, and Ecological Goals and Objectives -- 2.1.2 Economic Goals and Objectives -- 2.1.3 Social Goals and Objectives -- 2.1.4 Setting Long-Term and Interim Targets for Green Infrastructure Implementation -- 2.2 Summary of Measurable Goals and Objectives of a Green Infrastructure Program -- 3.0 Stakeholder Involvement in Setting Green Infrastructure Performance Requirements -- 4.0 Understanding the Roles and Responsibilities for Green Infrastructure Within a Community -- 4.1 State-Level Barriers and Roles and Responsibilities -- 4.1.1 Barriers -- 4.1.2 Roles and Responsibilities -- 4.2 Regional-Level Barriers and Roles and Responsibilities -- 4.2.1 Barriers -- 4.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities -- 4.3 Local-Level Barriers and Roles and Responsibilities -- 4.3.1 Barriers -- 4.3.2 Roles and Responsibilities -- 4.3.2.1 Community Planning Departments -- 4.3.2.2 Public Works, Streets, and Roads Departments.

Green Infrastructure and Urban Sustainability: The evolution of best practices in China -- Policy Intervention on Green Infrastructure in Chinese Cities -- Urban Forest Planning and Policy in China -- Analysis of Policy and Regulatory Landscapes for Green Roof Implementation in China -- Examine the Green Infrastructure Policy Intervention Under the Case of Sponge City Program.

This awareness-raising material is intended to inform those involved in the design and implementation of the Asian Development Bank's investment projects of the advantages of bioengineering. It describes the issues that need to be considered for the successful application of bioengineering. • Bioengineering refers to the use of vegetation to serve an engineering function, forming a practical subset of green infrastructure. • Aside from serving its primary engineering purposes, bioengineering provides socioeconomic and ecosystem services. • Bioengineering has been applied to infrastructure in countries throughout Asia and the Pacific, and it has the potential for greater use in a wider scope. • The techniques in bioengineering fit well with the Asian Development Bank's Strategy 2030 and contribute to various degrees to all the operational priorities.

During the period 1997-2007, it was produced in the Spanish Mediterranean coast a large urban sprawl. Partly caused by the increase in economic activity and population and partly caused by the increase of tourism on the coast. This expansion produced mass tourism processes at risk of landscape degradation phenomena and end of life cycle of tourism activities, following the guidelines known as the case of La Manga. This expansion also produced many urban develop initiatives, programmed and planned, which have not been implemented. In the case of Valencia, on the ground already developed but not yet consolidated the building, you can build up to 125,000 homes. From 2007, because of the huge excess of houses supply, construction and all the new developments in the Valencian coast are paralyzed. Paradoxically, the security crisis in the Arab Mediterranean countries, has resulted in the growth of tourism in the Spanish Mediterranean coast and particularly in Valencia. But this situation can be temporary. Therefore, at present, a change arises in the model of tourism in order to achieve a quality of landscape and tourism services and to avoid a mass tourism. At present, in 2015, regional government promotes a plan to identify and preserve the green infrastructure of the Valencian coast. It has approved a moratorium on new urban development across the coastal strip to a distance of 500 meters from the sea. This paper explains the approaches, objectives and expected results of this initiative. ; Miralles García, JL. (2016). Green Infrastructure in Mediterranean Valencian Coast. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. 11(3):227-235. doi:10.2495/SD0-V11-N3-227-235 ; S ; 227 ; 235 ; 11 ; 3

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- INTRODUCTION -- Definitions -- About this book -- PART I CONNECTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND HEALTH -- 1 Green infrastructure, ecosystem services, and the study of their contribution to health -- Green infrastructure -- Ecosystem services -- The valuation of the health benefits of ecosystem services -- Biophilic epidemiology -- Movements to advance a greener ecological model of health -- Summary -- 2 The evolution of the ecology of health -- The evolution of an ecological conception of health -- A brief history of spatial planning for health -- The greening of the ecological public health paradigm -- Summary -- PART II THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES SUPPORTED BY GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE -- 3 Essential ecosystem services -- Water -- Air -- Food -- Medicine -- Summary -- 4 The challenge of climate change -- Green infrastructure and carbon sequestration: mitigation and primary prevention -- Green infrastructure and weather and climatic events: adaptation and secondary prevention -- Urban heat -- Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases and climate Micah Hahn -- Summary -- 5 Infectious disease ecology -- Zoonotic disease -- Vector-borne disease -- Biodiversity and disease risk -- Social context of landscape change -- Summary -- 6 Physical activity -- Overweight and obesity -- Summary -- 7 Mental health -- Stress -- Affect -- Cognition and attention -- Mental health co-benefits of green exercise -- Summary -- 8 Social capital -- Summary -- PART III CAUTIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- 9 The threats to health posed by green infrastructure -- Summary -- 10 Concluding remarks -- PART IV SELECTED CASES OF THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE -- 11 Public health promotion in England's Community Forest Partnerships.

Rationale for green infrastructure finance framework -- Economic rationale of green investments -- Conceptual methodology for assessing and allocating risks -- Assessment of green investment climate in eap countries -- Conclusion and next steps -- Annex 1: Green investment climate matrix -- Annex 2: Bibliography

227 235 11 3 ; Senia ; During the period 1997-2007, it was produced in the Spanish Mediterranean coast a large urban sprawl. Partly caused by the increase in economic activity and population and partly caused by the increase of tourism on the coast. This expansion produced mass tourism processes at risk of landscape degradation phenomena and end of life cycle of tourism activities, following the guidelines known as the case of La Manga. This expansion also produced many urban develop initiatives, programmed and planned, which have not been implemented. In the case of Valencia, on the ground already developed but not yet consolidated the building, you can build up to 125,000 homes. From 2007, because of the huge excess of houses supply, construction and all the new developments in the Valencian coast are paralyzed. Paradoxically, the security crisis in the Arab Mediterranean countries, has resulted in the growth of tourism in the Spanish Mediterranean coast and particularly in Valencia. But this situation can be temporary. Therefore, at present, a change arises in the model of tourism in order to achieve a quality of landscape and tourism services and to avoid a mass tourism. At present, in 2015, regional government promotes a plan to identify and preserve the green infrastructure of the Valencian coast. It has approved a moratorium on new urban development across the coastal strip to a distance of 500 meters from the sea. This paper explains the approaches, objectives and expected results of this initiative. Miralles García, JL. (2016). Green Infrastructure in Mediterranean Valencian Coast. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. 11(3):227-235. doi:10.2495/SD0-V11-N3-227-235

Placed in the inferior section of Danube on its northern bank, Giurgiu emerged as aMesolithic settlement in the geographic context of the everglade swamps, in the south of theRomanian Plain. Throughout its history the town overcame various turning points - the later part ofthe 20th century marks the last of the series. An urban development communist experiment failure wasfollowed by the political transition of the 1990's. Economic and social impact of the consecutiveshocks deepened in the times of today's recession and the environmental crisis is only yet to come. Anurban green network adaptation could help mitigate all these impacts, providing solid ground for thesustainable development of the city. Territorial context and green space assessments were performedon environmental, social, economic and cultural basis. Urban landscape parameters were set to obeythe following principles: environmental connectivity between urban green space system and theDanube flood plain, as well as between the elements of the green infrastructure; wetland restorationwherever possible; complex integration of the Danube landscape in the urban system, aimed to turn itback into a city brand; phytoremediation and socio-economic valuation of the former industrial sites;historic identity valuation within the cultural identity landscape strategy; storm-water valuation withinthe green-space management context; economic efficiency of urban green maintenance, throughminimum intervention requirements and the highest amount of ecosystem service generation. Greenspacestrategy will affect short-term planning, but it will also require mid and long-term integration inthe general urban development agenda.

Green infrastructure for ecosystem resilience
Mita Drius and Luana Silveri from the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, explain fostering green infrastructure for ecosystem resilience in Alpine regions. The FRACTAL model, we hear, is a bottom-up all-round approach. In the last century, human population growth and industrial development have led to the depletion of natural resources, ecosystem degradation, and a worrying change in global climatic conditions. Habitat and ecosystem fragmentation due to land use change is recognised as one of the most striking threats to biodiversity. Fragmentation of habitats alters species' normal life cycle and ecology by preventing them from reaching their migration and dispersal destinations.

Nature forms interdependent networks in a landscape, which is key to the survival of species and the maintenance of genetic diversity. Nature provides crucial socio-economic benefits to people, but they are typically undervalued in politi- cal decisions. This has led to the concept of Green Infrastructure (GI), which defines an interlinked network of (semi-) natural areas with high ecological values for wildlife and people, to be conserved and managed in priority to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. This relatively new concept has been used in different contexts, but with widely diverging interpretations. There is no apparent consensus in the scientific literature on the methodology to map and implement GI. This paper serves as an informed primer for researchers that are new to GI mapping understand the key principles and terminology for the needs of their own case-study, and as a framework for more advance researchers will- ing to contribute to the formalization of the concept. Through a literature review of articles on creating GI networks, we summarized and evaluated commonly used methods to identify and map GI. We provided key insights for the assessment of diversity, ecosystem services and landscape connectivity, the three 'pillars' on which GI identification is based accord- ing to its definition. Based on this literature review, we propose 5 theoretical levels toward a more complex, reliable and integrative approach to identify GI networks. We then discuss the applications and limits of such method and point out future challenges for GI identification and implementation.

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was established by the European Community in the 1950s to provide financial support to farmers in member states, increase agricultural productivity by promoting technical progress, and ensure a fair standard of living for farmers. Over time; awareness about the externalities of intensive farming would prompt environmentally friendly practices. These include, in the current programming period 2014-2020, the so-called "greening", which consists of: (i) crop diversification; (ii) the maintenance of permanent grassland surfaces; and (iii) the availability of 5% of arable land for ecological focus areas devoted to agricultural practices beneficial for the climate and the environment. These provisions, spurred by a decades-long debate that also stresses the importance of creating/restoring ecological connectivity on different scales to counter land fragmentation, are in tune with spatial planning initiatives throughout Europe. Here the point is how to combine these directions with either "ecological networks" (EN), designed as physical corridors to be preserved and enhanced for plants and animals' mobility needs; or "green infrastructure" (GI), defined on the European level as a "strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services" (European Commission; 2013). While in several European countries environmental measures targeting farmers and ecological networks directed at specific areas have been merged in a place-based approach, Italy is lagging behind. In general, no guidelines have been provided on the national level to support regional paths, while regions and municipalities lack the resources to implement GI. Conversely, while greening policies in the framework of the CAP are properly funded, they lack directions to be effciently allocated. Against the backdrop of such concerns, this paper frames and reflects upon ongoing practices in three pilot areas in different Italian regions, selected based on desk analysis, in-depth interviews, and direct knowledge. Here, despite or thanks to the legislative framework, experimental approaches have been adopted to harness performance issues in targeted areas through broad participation by public and private stakeholders and multilevel governance schemes, opening possible pathways in view of the forthcoming programming period.

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was established by the European Community in the 1950s to provide financial support to farmers in member states, increase agricultural productivity by promoting technical progress, and ensure a fair standard of living for farmers. Over time ; awareness about the externalities of intensive farming would prompt environmentally friendly practices. These include, in the current programming period 2014&ndash ; 2020, the so-called &ldquo ; greening&rdquo ; which consists of: (i) crop diversification ; (ii) the maintenance of permanent grassland surfaces ; and (iii) the availability of 5% of arable land for ecological focus areas devoted to agricultural practices beneficial for the climate and the environment. These provisions, spurred by a decades-long debate that also stresses the importance of creating/restoring ecological connectivity on different scales to counter land fragmentation, are in tune with spatial planning initiatives throughout Europe. Here the point is how to combine these directions with either &ldquo ; ecological networks&rdquo ; (EN), designed as physical corridors to be preserved and enhanced for plants and animals&rsquo ; mobility needs ; or &ldquo ; green infrastructure&rdquo ; (GI), defined on the European level as a &ldquo ; strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services&rdquo ; (European Commission ; 2013). While in several European countries environmental measures targeting farmers and ecological networks directed at specific areas have been merged in a place-based approach, Italy is lagging behind. In general, no guidelines have been provided on the national level to support regional paths, while regions and municipalities lack the resources to implement GI. Conversely, while greening policies in the framework of the CAP are properly funded, they lack directions to be efficiently allocated. Against the backdrop of such concerns, this paper frames and reflects upon ongoing practices in three pilot areas in different Italian regions, selected based on desk analysis, in-depth interviews, and direct knowledge. Here, despite or thanks to the legislative framework, experimental approaches have been adopted to harness performance issues in targeted areas through broad participation by public and private stakeholders and multilevel governance schemes, opening possible pathways in view of the forthcoming programming period.