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AbstractThis paper is about the so-called meta-grounding question, i.e. the question of what grounds grounding facts of the sort 'ϕis grounded inΓ'. An answer to this question is pressing since some plausible assumptions about grounding and fundamentality entail that grounding facts must be grounded. There are three different accounts on the market which each answer the meta-grounding question differently: Bennett's and deRosset's "Straight Forward Account" (SFA), Litland's "Zero-Grounding Account" (ZGA), and "Grounding Essentialism" (GE). I argue that if grounding is to be regarded as metaphysical explanation (i.e. ifunionismis true), (GE) is to be preferred over (ZGA) and (SFA) as only (GE) is compatible with a crucial consequence of the thought that groundingismetaphysical explanation. In this manner the paper contributes not only to discussions about the ground of ground but also to the ongoing debate concerning the relationship between ground, essence, and explanation.

Ground Resistance was a multisite installation which examined the presence, absence and temporality through the developing 'smart city' of Milton Keynes. *** A unit in the centre.mk shopping mall was converted to house a large floor-projected map of Milton Keynes, displaying a constantly updating view of geo-located data related to the 'hard' infrastructures of the city, such as energy utilities, public services, and transport. The data is being drawn from the Open University's MK:Smart data hub, a citywide project of data collection, drawn from multiple industry and governmental sources. As with many such 'smart city' systems, many of these datasets update at wildly varying rates, making any one view of the city through the data a momentary one, rather than omniscient. In Ground Resistance, this friction of time in the 'always on' smart city is the lens through which the data is seen. Each data set constantly fades in and out of view, with its rate of disappearance matching the rate at which it updates; a data set which updates every one minute will appear and then slowly fade away over one minute. A speaker installation above the map correlates ringing bells to the locations on the map below. These sounds are also synchronised to the update rate of each dataset, their volume fading as the data ages, and rising again when a new update occurs. With each data set functioning at a different set of 'real time', this creates a generative sonic environment in the space which is defined by the often-overlooked temporal element of a data-oriented view of a city. Objects suspended above head height between the projector and the floor cast shadows which match the areas of Milton Keynes that the system has no data for, drawing audience attention to this absence. The shadows appear like voids, disrupting the usual seamlessness often seen in data visualisations. Through this installation, we highlight the non-unitary and often fragmentary view of cities when seen by the data they generate, which exists in conflict with the 'data solutionism' of popular dialog surrounding smart cities. *** At a satellite installation in the nearby National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park, an intimate watching station uses low cost and mass-produced hardware alongside open-source software to examine how the people of the city can detect and monitor data embedded in radio signals to watch the logistical infrastructure which underpins smart city technologies. The installation is presented in the gallery dedicated to the demonstration and examination of the Colossus supercomputer, which is kept operating every day. *** Finally, an online component to the work views the open data around Milton Keynes as an overlaid map, allowing viewers to plan a public transport route across the city which negotiates the density of the data in the town as if it were a topological feature of it.

Andrea Luka Zimmerman's first UK solo exhibition + curated events Common Ground catalogue entry: The work of Andrea Luka Zimmerman explores the impact of globalisation, power structures, militarism and denied histories. Common Ground, Zimmerman's first UK solo exhibition, celebrates strategies of social and cultural resistance and proposes new ways of living together in the face of a threatened idea of the 'common good'. Central to the exhibition, Zimmerman's essay film Estate, a Reverie (2015) tracks the long drawn out closure of the Haggerston Estate in East London and the utopian promise of social housing it once offered. Filmed over seven years, Estate, a Reverie reveals the spirited everyday humanity and resilience of residents who, in circumstances like these, are habitually overlooked by media representations and wider social responses. The film portrays the complex relationships between people and the conditions in which they find themselves; asking how we might resist stereotypes of class, gender, ability, disability and geography. The themes of Estate, a Reverie resonate in further films, images, documents and events brought together for Common Ground. Taskafa - Stories of the Street (2013), is a film about survival and co-existence told through the lives of the street dogs of Istanbul and the citizens who care for them. It is voiced by the late writer and storyteller John Berger from his own novel King: A Street Story (1988). Zimmerman's Merzschmerz (2014) is a series of short videos in which children retell (from memory) fairy tales written by the German artist Kurt Schwitters to an adult neighbour or friend. These short scenes draw attention to the process of remembering and forgetting – as well as addition and subtraction – that is essential to the handing on of stories from one person to another. They are tender portraits which show the role of a listener to be as important as that of a narrator in the telling of a tale. Common Ground provides an environment for open discussion, research and debate about the issues at the heart of these films and the other work in the exhibition. A series of talks, discussions, readings and screenings are organised over three weekends during the exhibition. There is a library area within the gallery with books and archival material related to the projects, where visitors are welcome to sit and look, listen or read. --- ADDITIONAL EVENTS: (Un) Common Saturday 29 April 2017, 2–5pm Andrea Luka Zimmerman hosts a drop in event with collaborators on her film Estate, a Reverie; David Roberts, Elam Forrester and Lorna Forrester. Elam Forrester Born in London, Elam Forrester is a young filmmaker and photographer who has worked on a number of film projects and exhibitions both in the UK and in Central America, focusing on social issues such as housing, London's vanishing markets, issues affecting young Londoners and Women's Rights in El Salvador. In 2015 she produced her own film and photographic exhibition called Stories of El Salvador, which included her short films and photographs that she made while volunteering there. Elam is also a graduate of University of the Arts, London College of Communication. Lorna Forrester Lorna was born in Jamaica, and came to Bristol in the late 70s to join her family. After leaving school she moved to London where she's lived ever since and now works in Education. She lived on Haggerston Estate for nearly 20 years until its demolition. Discussion: Common Wealth Saturday 20 May 2017, 12–5pm This afternoon open discussion about housing and redevelopment addresses how these issues affect people in and around Bristol today. Andrea Luka Zimmerman invites guest campaigners, activists and others who are involved in related projects or research to take part. Before this event at Spike Island, join us at Knowle West Media Centre at 10am for a local walking tour and introduction to their project We can make…homes, exploring how communities can lead and influence the development of housing in their area. This is also an opportunity to see the exhibition We can make…, which includes work by artists Caitlin Shepherd and Charlotte Biszewski made with Knowle West residents. Caitlin and Charlotte are joining the afternoon discussion at Spike Island. This local walking tour is led by Melissa Mean, Head of Arts Programme at KWMC. In Common Saturday 17 June 2017, 2–8pm Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Share on Google + Join us to celebrate the work of John Berger, a prolific writer of powerful art criticism, poetry and fiction. This event combines talks, screenings and an audio recording of Berger reading Andrey Platonov's short story A Sparrow's Journey, heard by candlelight.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Home of the Dead -- Chapter 2: Ancient Burials -- Chapter 3: Haunted Graveyards -- Chapter 4: Disturbing the Dead -- Notes -- Glossary -- For Further Exploration -- Index -- Picture Credits -- About the Author -- Back Cover