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THE BIDEN DOCTRINE AND THE WAR IN UKRAINE: RENEWED TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS OR REATLANTISATION BETWEEN A STRATEGIC AND ASITUATIONAL PARTNERSHIP
In: Teorija in praksa, S. 969-988
The war in Ukraine is the most significant threat to the peace of the Euro-Atlantic area in decades. After 4 years of Trump's weakening of transatlantic relations, Biden's presumed foreign policy doctrine includes their quick renewal, or re-Atlantisation. The article problematises the 'new' strategy of containment given Russia's aggression, the state of transatlantic relations, and the current global order's configuration, whereby the transatlantic bond is being strengthened and the formation of Biden's foreign policy doctrine is being followed by a 'grand-strategic' shift. Four different models of transatlantic relations (mutual autonomy, strategic autonomy, strategic partnership, situational partnership) are discussed where variables include the approach taken by the USA to transatlantic relations, and the approach of Europe's EU and NATO members to transatlantic relations are addressed. The main argument is that transatlantic relations during Biden's mandate have constantly oscillated between a stra-tegic partnership, especially related to common goals of democracy promotion and containment and situ-ational partnership. Situations like the war in Ukraine have simultaneously acted to strengthen the American–European partnership based on the shared security and political interests.Keywords: transatlantic relations, reatlantisation, USA, Europe, Biden doctrine, war in Ukraine, strategic part-nership, situational partnership
SPINOZA, LIBERALISM AND 'THE CLASS OF 1632'
In: Teorija in praksa, S. 295-315
Spinoza, Pufendorf and Locke all championed freedom of thought (including freedom of religion) and of speech; all three thinkers deserve credit for having forged the fundamental principles of the liberal tradition. Spinoza, in particular, was the first writer in modern times to articulate a systematic defence of democracy. He believed that the state should promote the welfare of its citizens, while maximising their freedom. Although he equated right with power, he also advocated respect for the moral law, stressing the importance of being good to other people. Keywords: Spinoza, Pufendorf, Locke, freedom of religion, freedom of thought, liberalism
Prisotnost akrilamida v živilih ; The presence of acrylamide in foods
In: Maribor
V magistrskem delu smo analizirali prisotnost akrilamida v živilih na slovenskem trgu med leti 2010 do 2012. Podatke o vzorčenih izdelkih nam je posredoval ZZV-MB. Cilji raziskave so bili ugotoviti, v katerih živilih je največ akrilamida, ali količina akrilamida v živilih upada in če izmerjene vrednosti presegajo okvirne, ki jih predlaga Priporočilo Komisije Evropskih skupnosti o raziskavi ravni akrilamida v živilih z dne 10.1.2011. Statistično analizo podatkov smo izvedli s programoma EXCEL in SPSS 21.0. Živila so bila razporejena v 10 glavnih skupin, skladno s prilogo Priporočila Komisije Evropskih skupnosti 2010/307/EU. Med 172 analiziranimi vzorci živil so bile najvišje srednje vrednosti v skupinah 2 (krompirjev čips), 293 µg/kg, 7 (kava in kavni nadomestki), 251 µg/kg, in 1 (pomfrit, ki se prodaja pripravljen za zaužitje), 177 µg/kg. Trend zniževanja vsebnosti akrilamida v živilih je opaziti le v skupini 2 (krompirjev čips). Okvirnih vrednosti ni preseglo nobeno živilo. Srednje in najvišje vrednosti akrilamida v živilih iz Slovenije v letih 2010 do 2012 so nižje v vseh skupinah živil v primerjavi z vrednostmi iz Evropske unije v letu 2010 in Velike Britanije v letu 2012. ; In our Master's thesis we have analysed the presence of acrylamide in the foodstuffs on the Slovenian market between the years 2010 and 2012. We got the data on the sampled food from the Institute of Public Health, Maribor. The objective of our research was to determine which foodstuffs contain the highest levels of acrylamide, if the levels of acrylamide in the foodstuffs is decreasing and if the measured levels of acrylamide exceed indicative values, recommended by the recommendation of the Commission of the European Communities on the survey of acrylamide levels in food, dated 10.1.2011. We did a statistical analysis of the data with programs EXCEL and SPSS 21.0. The foodstuffs were divided into 10 main groups in accordance with the annex of the European Commission recommendation 2010/307/EU. Amongst 172 analysed samples of foodstuffs, the highest mean values were in groups 2 (potato crisps), 293 µg/kg, 7 (coffee and coffee substitutes), 251 µg/kg and 1 (French fries, sold as ready to eat), 177 µg/kg. The downward trend of acrylamide levels in foodstuffs is visible only in group 2 (potato crisps). The indicative values were not exceeded in any foodstuff. The middle and the highest levels of acrylamide in the foodstuffs in Slovenia between the years 2010 and 2012 were lower in comparison to European Union's in 2010 and Great Britain's in 2012, in all groups.
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Political and CulturalFoundations of Citizenship ; Političnokulturni temelji izobraževanja za državljanstvo
My thesis is based on the premise that the change of the political system from socialism to post-socialism was not based on the otherwise branched out political education in socialism, but rather, on other factors of which the essential one is the third wave of democracy that swept across the Central, South and East European countries. (Inter)active citizenship can develop synergistically together with a positive attitude towards one's own country and with a stimulative influence on the citizens; with co-operation among the various (civil) groups and with modern education for citizenship (not only as the school subject of Citizenship Education and Ethics) as well as with its alternative goals together with the democratic and spiritual political culture. In view of the projected deadline for stability of democracy, which is expected to last 50 to 60 years, both types of culture are only at the initial phase of development in the new Slovenian state. ; Izhajamo iz teze, da spremembe političnega sistema iz socializma v postsocializem niso temeljile na sicer razvejenem političnem izobraževanju v socializmu, temveč na drugih dejavnikih, med katerimi je bistven tretji val demokracije, ki je zajel tudi srednje-, južno in vzhodnoevropske države. (lnter)aktivno državljanstvo se lahko razvija sinergično s pozitivnim odnosom do lastne države in spodbudnim vplivom na državljane, s sodelovanjem med različnimi (civilnimi) skupinami, s sodobnim izobraževanjem za državljanstvo (ne le s šolskim predmetom državljanska vzgoja in etika) in njegovimi alternativnimi cilji hkrati z demokratično in duhovno politično kulturo. Obe vrsti kulture sta v novi slovenski državi glede na predvideni rok za stabilnost demokracije, ki naj bi trajal 50-60 let, šele na začetni razvojni stopnji.
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