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Explanations of minority underrepresentation among organizational managers have focused primarily on either employee deficits in human and social capital or employer discrimination. To date, research has paid little attention to the role of developmental practices and related cultural values within organizations. Using data on large U.S. law firms, the authors investigate the role of formal developmental practices and cultural values in the representation of three minority groups among firm partners: African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans. The authors find that formal practices and cultural values intended to aid employee growth and development do not "level the playing field" for minorities. Formal training and mentoring programs do not increase minority presence, while a longer time period to promotion, a cultural commitment to professional development, and a cultural norm of early responsibility are all negatively associated with minority representation. Although the pattern is broadly similar across all three groups, some effects vary in interesting ways.

AbstractDepression and Internet addiction are common public health problems among adolescents. Previous literature has examined this association, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aims at identifying the influencing mechanisms of this association by constructing a moderated mediation model focusing on social withdrawal and school belonging. A sample of 616 Chinese middle and high school adolescents are surveyed regarding Internet addiction, depression, social withdrawal and school belonging. The Macro PROCESS was used to examine the proposed theoretical model. Results reveal that social withdrawal partially mediates the nexus between Internet addiction and adolescent depression. In addition, school belonging significantly moderates the association of social withdrawal with adolescent depression. These findings may guide future prevention and intervention strategies for depressed teenagers affected by Internet addiction.

While there is much research examining gender gaps in political attitudes, there is less examining how gender gaps differ within social groups. This article helps fill that void by examining gender gaps among American Indians. Using two surveys, the initial findings suggest that among American Indians, women have a stronger American Indian identity, are more likely to support women's/compassion issues, and are more likely to be Democrats. It further finds that the gender gap in party is more likely the result of the gender gap in compassion issues than in American Indian identity. Additional analysis finds that among American Indians who prioritize their American Indian identity, the partisan gender gap is reversed, with men being significantly more likely to be Democrats. Although this study finds some similarities between the gaps among American Indians and whites, it also finds some unique gaps among American Indians. This suggests the need to look at the intersectionality of gender and social groups to fully understand the gender gaps.

Contents -- About the Authors -- Part I. Introduction -- Chapter 1. The New Politics of Inequality: A Policy-Centered Perspective / Jacob S. Hacker, Suzanne Mettler, and Joe Soss -- Part II. Policies and Institutions in the New Politics of Inequality -- Chapter 2. Constricting the Welfare State: Tax Policy and the Political Movement Against Government / Kimberly J. Morgan -- Chapter 3. Entrepreneurial Litigation: Advocacy Coalitions and Strategies in the Fragmented American Welfare State / R. Shep Melnick -- Part III. Elite Efforts to Reshape the Political Landscape

Nearly all groups face a change of leaders at some point in their existence. However, there is little agreement about the impact of leadership turnover on the group or the conditions that create the most positive transition. In a 2 x 2 factorial design, groups that had worked on one task under one leader were assigned a new leader who either came from within the group (origin of new leader) orfrom outside the group. The ex-leader either remained as a member of the group or exited (fate of ex-leader). The groups then worked on a second task under the new leader The results indicated that leadership turnover per se did not have a significant effect on group performance. However, when turnover occurred, performance was highest when the new leader camefrom within the group and the ex-leader remained. Members indicated that the internal leader adopted a more people-oriented approach when the ex-leader remained in the group than when he orshe left. However, the presence (or absence) of the exleader had no e.ffect on the perceived style of the outside leader Although members were more attracted to the group when leadership turnover occurred than when it did not, there was no difference in attraction between the various turnover conditions.

Includes bibliographical references and index

AbstractStarting from the premise that the nature and impact of women's agency can be understood only within specific historical and socio-cultural environments (Sadiqi, 2003), the major aim of this paper is to highlight the multi-faceted agency of women in post-colonial and today's Maghrib. The Maghrib is a North African region that includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania, but I chose to focus on the first three countries given their common historical and socio-cultural background. Not only have women in this region faced challenges, but they have also pioneered feminist and gender studies and raised new issues for these disciplines in the global South as well as the North. Four major interrelated domains where these achievements are significant are considered: women's reproductive rights, women's movements, women's legal rights, and women's knowledge production. Issues related to these domains are analyzed from a broad comparative perspective which involves an overall political and economic contextualization. The paper reveals the positive role that Maghribi women have been playing in the overall development of their countries and the main outcomes show that the future of the Maghrib is significantly linked to the fate of these gains.