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In Latin America, the immense existing biodiversity is associated with the abundance of enormous practically unknown regions and the presence of indigenous peoples, in some cases uncontacted. Along with the profusion of life forms that have been preserved over the years, the danger of genetic erosion caused by indiscriminate exploitation stands out on the one hand, and on the other the attempts at appropriation by institutions and natural persons, at the expense of the prejudice of the communities that inhabit those areas, of their habits of life and of their cultural practices. The purpose of this article is to reflect on these issues, based on the documentary information published by various authors. The examples presented also demonstrate that the region can take advantage of biodiversity for its own development, under a bioeconomy model, in which the efforts of science, education and production institutions coexist, supported by government policies of respect for the environment, indigenous populations and the legal protection of heritage.

Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.

This report reports assessments of the risk as lead residues of ammunition in venison can constitute. The assessment of the health risk for consumers is mainly based on blood lead levels in hunter-gatherer families. The results showed that adult individuals in the so-called hunter study had significantly higher blood lead level compared with the adult individuals in the National Food Administration's latest eating habits survey who did not report game consumption. In the hunter study, a relatively clear correlation was observed between the number of shots fired (the most recent six months) and blood lead level. No significant trend (monotonically increasing relationship) between blood lead level and amount of game meat consumed could be observed in the hunter study. More generally, the results from the hunter study show that blood lead levels need to be decreased as the lead exposure reference points, established by the European the Authority for Food Safety (EFSA), were clearly exceeded. Of the men, 70 percent had blood lead levels that exceeded the reference point; of the children, 40-50 percent had levels that exceeded the reference point; and of the women, 30 percent had concentrations that exceeded the reference point. In addition to assessments based on the hunter study, basis for advice on 'reindeer cutting of game' has been produced. Developed health-based critical levels for lead in game meat show that the median level of lead in game meat drops to relatively tolerable levels at a distance from the wound canal of at least 10 centimeters. Note: this report is published by the Swedish Food Agency as part of their SLV-Report Series (ISSN: 1104-7089) ; SE; PDF; Efsa.focalpoint@slv.se