Suchergebnisse

For six decades, China's central authorities have promoted development in ethnic regions through special fiscal allocations with the idea that economic development is the key to national integration and inter-ethnic harmony. Yet, inter-ethnic tensions and violence persist in China. Focusing on historical changes to fiscal allocations as the principal policy instrument used by Beijing to promote development in ethnic areas, this analysis finds these changes mirror broad shifts in the country's national development strategy. As the study argues, this pattern reflects an approach to development policy in ethnic regions whereby policies serve central objectives consistent with a policy process for determining the fiscal allocations to ethnic regions that has been both centrally concentrated and non-participatory. With evidence that this "non-engaging" approach may be exacerbating ethnic tensions, Beijing has made efforts to introduce more "inclusive" approaches to determining policies for ethnic regions; however, whether these approaches will be institutionalized remains unclear. Adapted from the source document.

For six decades, China's central authorities have promoted development in ethnic regions through special fiscal allocations with the idea that economic development is the key to national integration and inter-ethnic harmony. Yet, inter-ethnic tensions and violence persist in China. Focusing on historical changes to fiscal allocations as the principal policy instrument used by Beijing to promote development in ethnic areas, this analysis finds these changes mirror broad shifts in the country's national development strategy. As the study argues, this pattern reflects an approach to development policy in ethnic regions whereby policies serve central objectives consistent with a policy process for determining the fiscal allocations to ethnic regions that has been both centrally concentrated and non-participatory. With evidence that this "non-engaging" approach may be exacerbating ethnic tensions, Beijing has made efforts to introduce more "inclusive" approaches to determining policies for ethnic regions; however, whether these approaches will be institutionalized remains unclear. (JCCA/GIGA)

Within the framework of this publication, an urgent problem is considered - gender equality as a platform for full-fledged sustainable and harmonious development of the state and society in the brow. The author focuses on two aspects, sociological and legal. The article examines the phenomenon of gender equality using the achievements of gender sociology as a special sectoral sociological discipline that studies the processes of development and social interaction of male and female communities. However, the investigated issues are also cognized taking into account the achievements of the theory of law and state and the science of constitutional law. In our opinion, such a positive heuristic synthesis allows us to study the subject of the publication - the principle of gender equality. By the purpose of the work, the author understands an attempt to identify and show social and legal mechanisms that make it possible to eliminate gender asymmetry in relations that are currently demarcated by gender. The publication established that an illegitimate encroachment restricting human rights is a flagrant injustice. In this capacity, equality as a principle of law is nothing more than the ideal of a just structure of the state and society, which is characterized by the comprehensive implementation and protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Therefore, equality canonizes parity in the relationship between the individual and the state, discrimination on the part of state bodies with this interpretation is excluded.

The extremely rapid evolution of portable technologies and children's receptiveness to constantly accessing the latest information creates the conditions for a number of new developments in most areas of activity. Moreover, their attraction to real-time visualisation of various events and competitions projects a certain level of perception and imitation of certain behaviours. Therefore, special attention should be paid to them from the earliest stages, i.e., from the time they are selected to play various sports. Also, the complementarity of some sports must be taken into account when it is desired to obtain positive results.
Age group adaptation and the investigation of some of the parameters relevant to different age groups have generated values that can support positive outcomes in the long term and thus increase motivation to participate in sport at a competitive level.

The paper discusses the integral rural development and its importance for the policy of a more balanced regional development. Highly emphasized regional disproportions in almost all domains, as well as the long-standing lagging behind in the development of village and agriculture, resulted in faltering and stagnation of total development of the country. Overcoming, this problem calls for application of a more complex model of developmental policy for the village and rural society, which demand a multidisciplinary approach. Active policy and promotion of integral rural development is not only in the interest of rural communities, but of the society as a whole. This implies that investment in a wide range of economic branches in rural areas is of vital importance for increasing the attractiveness of rural areas, encouragement of sustainable development and creation of new possibilities for employment, especially of young educated people who are ready and capable to accept the new philosophy of development of these areas. Although rural areas in Serbia observed as a whole are highly heterogeneous with respect to economic development, according to the basic parameters of development degree, they lag behind urban and industrial centers considerably, and much more attention should be devoted to this phenomenon in the future.

Millennium development goals – all world countries input in solving universal problems and assuring living conditions for every country's citizens, also considering environment and sustainable development aspects. The aim of this work is to analyse and evaluate the implementation of environmental Millennium development goals in Lithuania during 1990-2008. In order to evaluate people attitudes in regard to Millennium development goals, population survey was conducted, with the help of questionnaire. Implementation level of foreseen indicators indicates every country's progress in implementing Millennium development goals. In Lithuania, pursuing to assure sustainable environment protection, such indicators are observed: parts of forested and protected territories, protection of biological diversity and species, which are at risk of extinction, emission of carbon dioxide and ozone prosecutors and general water consumption in the country. Year 1990 is a starting point. According to Millennium declaration, the intended aims must be reached up to 2015. Survey reveals that the majority – 74 % of respondents have not heard about Millennium development goals. 26 % of respondents, who are aware of those global aims, hold a university degree (67 %). In citizens' opinion, most important Millennium development goals are elimination of poverty and hunger in the world, reducing of children's death-rate and assurance of friendly environment. These aims were named as very important by more than 50 % of respondents. Regarding environmental goals, frequently named as very important were an emission of carbon dioxide and protection of biodiversity. Qualitative analysis of Lithuania's environmental indicators, a conclusion was made that the progress made is satisfactory to reach the environmental of Millennium goals till the indicated time. However, more attention must be paid only for protection of biodiversity as the progress in this area is not satisfactory.

Millennium development goals – all world countries input in solving universal problems and assuring living conditions for every country's citizens, also considering environment and sustainable development aspects. The aim of this work is to analyse and evaluate the implementation of environmental Millennium development goals in Lithuania during 1990-2008. In order to evaluate people attitudes in regard to Millennium development goals, population survey was conducted, with the help of questionnaire. Implementation level of foreseen indicators indicates every country's progress in implementing Millennium development goals. In Lithuania, pursuing to assure sustainable environment protection, such indicators are observed: parts of forested and protected territories, protection of biological diversity and species, which are at risk of extinction, emission of carbon dioxide and ozone prosecutors and general water consumption in the country. Year 1990 is a starting point. According to Millennium declaration, the intended aims must be reached up to 2015. Survey reveals that the majority – 74 % of respondents have not heard about Millennium development goals. 26 % of respondents, who are aware of those global aims, hold a university degree (67 %). In citizens' opinion, most important Millennium development goals are elimination of poverty and hunger in the world, reducing of children's death-rate and assurance of friendly environment. These aims were named as very important by more than 50 % of respondents. Regarding environmental goals, frequently named as very important were an emission of carbon dioxide and protection of biodiversity. Qualitative analysis of Lithuania's environmental indicators, a conclusion was made that the progress made is satisfactory to reach the environmental of Millennium goals till the indicated time. However, more attention must be paid only for protection of biodiversity as the progress in this area is not satisfactory.