Suchergebnisse

Удосконалено методику, яка дозволяє допомогти штабу прикордонного загону готувати обґрунтовані пропозиції до рішення начальника прикордонного загону на пошук та ліквідацію диверсійно-розвідувальних груп противника й організовувати виконання прийнятих ним рішень у будь-яких умовах обстановки. В запропонованій методиці роботи штабу виділено три основні блоки: аналізу інформаційного забезпечення процесу прийняття рішення, розробки та прийняття рішення, реалізації прийнятого рішення. Кожен із блоків має своє змістовне наповнення, що дозволяє покращити технологію прийняття рішення та доведення його до виконавців. ; Усовершенствована методика, которая позволяет помочь штабу пограничного отряда готовить обоснованные предложения к решению начальника пограничного отряда на поиск и ликвидацию диверсионно-разведывательных групп противника и организовывать выполнение принятых им решений в любых условиях обстановки. В предложенной методике работы штаба выделено три основных блока: анализа информационного обеспечения процесса принятия решения, разработки и принятия решения, реализации принятого решения. Каждый из блоков имеет свое содержательное наполнение, что позволяет улучшить технологию принятия решения и доведения его до исполнителей. ; In modern terms the issue of defense and protection of the state border in conditions of armed conflict is considered as a key one. Today, the armed provocations on the demarcation line between the temporarily occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions don't stop, the armed clashes between law-enforcement and terrorist organizations continue and that is the threat to national security of Ukraine. One of the tasks of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (hereinafter SBGSU) in the area of Allied Force Operation (hereinafter AFO) is participation in combating the subversive groups (further SG) of illegal Russian and pro-Russian forces in the East of our State.The specificity of the armed confrontation at the border requires each officer of the headquarters according to the type of his activity to have a high level of competence, be able to devote considerable time, energy, experience. It also requires a high level of responsibility, since the implementation of decisions, in particular concerning the search and elimination of the SG demands effective and harmonious work of the entire organizational mechanism of the headquarters. The experience of conducting AFO and ATO indicate that the successful solution of problems on finding and eliminating the enemy's SG largely depends on the concerted action of forces and means of border guard division, leadership and coordination of actions which carries out the headquarters of border guard detachment. These circumstances require the headquarters of the border guard detachment to provide timely training and well-founded proposals for management decision-making of the head of border guard detachment. Therefore, special attention is paid to defining the ways of increasing the efficiency and sustainability of management, quality of management decisions, improving the system of interaction between SBGSU and other military and law enforcement agencies of Ukraine on search and elimination of the SG, that may be achieved by improving the methods of work of the headquarters of the border guard detachment when performing these tasks. The study improved the technique that allows to help the headquarters of the border guard detachment to prepare grounded proposals to the decision of the head of border guard detachment on search and elimination of enemy SG and to organize implementation of taken decisions in any conditions. In the proposed methodology of work of the headquarters were selected three main blocks: analysis of information process of decision-making, the development and taking of a decision, the implementation of a decision. Each of these units has its own substantial content, allowing to improve the technology of decision making and its communicating to the performers.

Удосконалено методику, яка дозволяє допомогти штабу прикордонного загону готувати обґрунтовані пропозиції до рішення начальника прикордонного загону на пошук та ліквідацію диверсійно-розвідувальних груп противника й організовувати виконання прийнятих ним рішень у будь-яких умовах обстановки. В за-пропонованій методиці роботи штабу виділено три основні блоки: аналізу інформаційного забезпечення процесу прийняття рішення, розробки та прийняття рішення, реалізації прийнятого рішення. Кожен із блоків має своє змістовне наповнення, що дозволяє покращити технологію прийняття рішення та доведен-ня його до виконавців. ; Усовершенствована методика, которая позволяет помочь штабу пограничного отряда готовить обоснованные предложения к решению начальника пограничного отряда на поиск и ликвидацию диверсионно-разведывательных групп противника и организовывать выполнение принятых им решений в любых условиях обстановки. В предложенной мето-дике работы штаба выделено три основных блока: анализа информационного обеспечения процесса принятия решения, разработки и принятия решения, реализации принятого решения. Каждый из блоков имеет свое содержательное на-полнение, что позволяет улучшить технологию принятия решения и доведения его до исполнителей. ; In modern terms the issue of defense and protection of the state border in conditions of armed conflict is considered as a key one. Today, the armed provocations on the demarcation line between the temporarily occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions don't stop, the armed clashes between law-enforcement and terrorist organizations continue and that is the threat to national security of Ukraine. One of the tasks of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (hereinafter SBGSU) in the area of Allied Force Operation (hereinafter AFO) is participation in combating the subversive groups (further SG) of illegal Russian and pro-Russian forces in the East of our State. The specificity of the armed confrontation at the border requires each officer of the headquarters according to the type of his activity to have a high level of competence, be able to devote considerable time, energy, experience. It also requires a high level of responsibility, since the implementation of decisions, in particular con-cerning the search and elimination of the SG demands effective and harmonious work of the entire organizational mechanism of the headquarters. The experience of conducting AFO and ATO indicate that the successful solution of problems on finding and eliminating the enemy's SG largely depends on the concerted action of forces and means of border guard division, leadership and coordination of actions which carries out the headquarters of border guard detachment. These circumstances require the headquarters of the border guard detachment to provide timely training and well-founded proposals for management decision-making of the head of border guard detachment. Therefore, special attention is paid to defining the ways of increasing the effi-ciency and sustainability of management, quality of management decisions, improving the system of interaction between SBGSU and other military and law enforcement agencies of Ukraine on search and elimination of the SG, that may be achieved by im-proving the methods of work of the headquarters of the border guard detachment when performing these tasks. The study im-proved the technique that allows to help the headquarters of the border guard detachment to prepare grounded proposals to the decision of the head of border guard detachment on search and elimination of enemy SG and to organize implementation of taken decisions in any conditions. In the proposed methodology of work of the headquarters were selected three main blocks: analysis of information process of decision-making, the development and taking of a decision, the implementation of a decision. Each of these units has its own substantial content, allowing to improve the technology of decision making and its communicat-ing to the performers.

The article deals with the normative and legal support of the activity of the border guard detachment to counter terrorism. The scientific research was carried out using the methods of deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, which helped to determine the structural and logical scheme of the study. Logical-semantic and dogmatic methods were used in establishing the content of legal norms. The system method helped to clarify the internal structure of the border guard detachment. The objects of the study were normative-legal acts regulating the activity of the border guard detachment. On the basis of studying of norms of the national legislation and departmental normative legal acts it was established that protecting a certain sector of the state border of Ukraine the border guard detachment provides enforcement of the legislation in border guard and other spheres, according to the competence, including anti-terrorist. The study conducted made it possible to draw conclusions about the structure of the activity of border guard detachments of the State border guard service of Ukraine to counter terrorism in the area of responsibility, which includes: management for the organization and control of actions of subordinate units to counter terrorism; protection of the state border in the area of responsibility for preventing terrorist acts and their neutralization (localization) if they actually take place; prevention of crossing the state border of Ukraine at checkpoints by persons involved in terrorist activities and means of terror; detection and prevention of terrorist acts in controlled border areas, border zones; operational use of units that are designed to protect and strengthen the protection of a certain section of the state border; timely information on terrorist threats and involvement of other entities directly engaged in the fight against terrorism within its competence. ; У статті розглядається нормативно-правове забезпечення діяльності прикордонного загону з протидії тероризму. Наукове дослідження здійснено з використанням методів дедукції та індукції, аналізу та синтезу, які допомогли визначити структурно-логічну схему дослідження. Логіко-семантичний та догматичний методи застосовувались під час встановлення змісту правових норм. Системний метод допоміг з'ясувати внутрішню структуру діяльності прикордонного загону. Об'єктами дослідження стали нормативно-правові акти що регулюють діяльність прикордонного загону. На підставі вивчення норм національного законодавства та відомчих нормативно-правових актів встановлено, що охороняючи визначену ділянку державного кордону України прикордонний загін забезпечує дотримання законодавства у прикордонній та інших сферах, відповідно до компетенції, у тому числі й антитерористичного спрямування. Проведене дослідження дозволило зробити висновки про структуру діяльності прикордонних загонів Державної прикордонної служби України щодо протидії тероризму на ділянці відповідальності, яка включає: управління з організації, керівництва та контролю дій підпорядкованих підрозділів з протидії тероризму; охорону державного кордону на ділянці відповідальності щодо недопущення здійснення терористичних актів та їх нейтралізація (локалізація) в разі вчинення; недопущення перетинання державного кордону України у пунктах пропуску особами причетними до терористичної діяльності та засобами терору; виявлення та недопущення вчинення терористичних актів на контрольованих прикордонних територіях, прикордонних смугах; оперативне застосування підрозділів які призначені для захисту та посилення охорони визначеної ділянки державного кордону; своєчасне інформування про терористичні загрози та залучення інших суб'єктів які безпосередньо здійснюють боротьбу з тероризмом у межах своєї компетенції.

The paper reports on an innovative approach to evaluate the level of harmonisation of Ukrainian border guards training with the common standards for border guarding in the European Union (EU) member-states. There are different types of borders and different organisational structures in border guard agencies in the EU. The authors present the results of a research aimed at analysing the level of interoperability of Ukrainian border guards. In case of border guards' training, interoperability stands for their level of professional readiness for joint actions with representatives of foreign border guard authorities. For this purpose, the EU border guard agencies under the supervision of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex Agency) introduced the Interoperability Assessment Program (IAP), as the means to assess, first of all, the level of integration of the Common Core Curriculum (CCC) for basic border guards' training into border guard authorities' national curricula. The programme's results provide information on the degree to which the CCC meets the requirements regarding its content. The overall CCC implementation at the NASBGSU was 77.5%, namely: by modules (General Studies – 95%; Land Border Module – 75%; Air Border Module – 81%; Sea Border Module – 58,6%); by content (General studies – 96%; Legislation – 73,9%; Practice – 80,8%). The results of the evaluation held at the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, involving cadets of the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Humanities showed that Ukrainian border guards and their system of education and training are in line with the EU member-states' common standards and the Ukrainian border guard agency personnel can be effectively used for the various operational and service activities of protecting different border sectors.

The paper reports on an innovative approach to evaluate the level of harmonisation of Ukrainian border guards training with the common standards for border guarding in the European Union (EU) member-states. There are different types of borders and different organisational structures in border guard agencies in the EU. The authors present the results of a research aimed at analysing the level of interoperability of Ukrainian border guards. In case of border guards' training, interoperability stands for their level of professional readiness for joint actions with representatives of foreign border guard authorities. For this purpose, the EU border guard agencies under the supervision of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex Agency) introduced the Interoperability Assessment Program (IAP), as the means to assess, first of all, the level of integration of the Common Core Curriculum (CCC) for basic border guards' training into border guard authorities' national curricula. The programme's results provide information on the degree to which the CCC meets the requirements regarding its content. The overall CCC implementation at the NASBGSU was 77.5%, namely: by modules (General Studies – 95%; Land Border Module – 75%; Air Border Module – 81%; Sea Border Module – 58,6%); by content (General studies – 96%; Legislation – 73,9%; Practice – 80,8%). The results of the evaluation held at the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, involving cadets of the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Humanities showed that Ukrainian border guards and their system of education and training are in line with the EU member-states' common standards and the Ukrainian border guard agency personnel can be effectively used for the various operational and service activities of protecting different border sectors.

The paper reports on an innovative approach to evaluate the level of harmonisation of Ukrainian border guards training with the common standards for border guarding in the European Union (EU) member-states. There are different types of borders and different organisational structures in border guard agencies in the EU. The authors present the results of a research aimed at analysing the level of interoperability of Ukrainian border guards. In case of border guards' training, interoperability stands for their level of professional readiness for joint actions with representatives of foreign border guard authorities. For this purpose, the EU border guard agencies under the supervision of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex Agency) introduced the Interoperability Assessment Program (IAP), as the means to assess, first of all, the level of integration of the Common Core Curriculum (CCC) for basic border guards' training into border guard authorities' national curricula. The programme's results provide information on the degree to which the CCC meets the requirements regarding its content. The overall CCC implementation at the NASBGSU was 77.5%, namely: by modules (General Studies – 95%; Land Border Module – 75%; Air Border Module – 81%; Sea Border Module – 58,6%); by content (General studies – 96%; Legislation – 73,9%; Practice – 80,8%). The results of the evaluation held at the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, involving cadets of the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Humanities showed that Ukrainian border guards and their system of education and training are in line with the EU member-states' common standards and the Ukrainian border guard agency personnel can be effectively used for the various operational and service activities of protecting different border sectors.

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Crimes against international law — Punishment by municipal courts — Shooting of persons at Berlin Wall by border guards of German Democratic Republic — Prosecution of border guards for homicide following re-unification of Germany — Whether shooting justified to prevent escape to the West under Border Law of German Democratic Republic — Whether shootings at Berlin Wall comparable to mass murder by Nazis — Test of whether acts committed on order of the State exceeded limits set by universally recognized general principles of law — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Whether providing yardstick for universally accepted minimum standards365Human rights — Right to life — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Article 6(1) — Arbitrary deprivation of life — Border regime of German Democratic Republic — Instructions to border guards to shoot to kill if necessary in order to prevent escapes to the West — Whether constituting arbitrary deprivation of life — Principle of proportionality — Whether interest of German Democratic Republic in preventing escape of its citizens ever justifying use of firearmsHuman rights — Freedom of movement — Right to leave one"s country — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Article 12(1) and (3) — General denial of right to nationals of German Democratic Republic — Whether violation of International CovenantHuman rights — Procedure for enforcement — Fundamental rights under Basic Law of Federal Republic of Germany — Article 103(2) — Non-retroactivity of criminal law — Scope of rule — Exception for acts which are criminal according to general principles of law recognized by the community of nations — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 15(2)Relationship of international law and municipal law — Act of State and justiciability — Whether act of State doctrine a general rule of international law — Whether applicable in Federal Republic of Germany — Whether acts of foreign State subject to judicial review in Federal Republic — Whether Unification Treaty, 1990, preventing acts of authorities in German Democratic Republic from being reviewed by courts of Federal RepublicState immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Foreign armed forces — Prosecution in Federal Republic of Germany of former border guard of German Democratic Republic for murder — Whether soldier acting as agent of foreign State entitled to jurisdictional immunity — Demise of German Democratic Republic following re-unification of Germany — Whether constituting a bar to assertion of jurisdictional immunityTerritory — Effects of change of sovereignty — Re-unification of Germany — Legal consequences — Whether border guards of former German Democratic Republic subject to criminal prosecution in Republic of Germany following re-unificationTreaties — Effect in municipal law — Conflict with municipal law — Whether treaty provisions taking precedence — Duty of courts to interpret municipal law consistently with treaty provisions if possible — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Effect of ratification by German Democratic Republic — Conflict with Border Law of German Democratic Republic, 1982 — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

On the basis of analysis of scientific pedagogical literature we have investigated the notions of «professional competence» and «professional military competence», also defined the category of professional competence of border guards in the Republic of India which is combination of professional knowledge, skills, and attitudes; and determines readiness of an expert of border agency to carry out professional activities efficiently. The essential condition of formation of professional competence of border guards is an integration of all its structural components described in the article. Having found that there are similar threats at the border in Ukraine and the Republic of India we have come to the conclusion that it is important to investigate the system of professional training of border guards in the Republic of India, professional competence of border guards in the Republic of India in particular, in order to reveal its strength with possible creative implementation in Ukraine.

Background: Border protection is an extremely important area in ensuring the national security of each country. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to show the role of the Polish Border Guard in the area of Poland's national security. The Border Guard in Poland is responsible for ensuring state security and responding to emerging threats using available methods and tools. Methods: To identify the role of the Border Guard in maintaining state security, an analysis of the literature on the subject was made. Results: The role of the Border Guard in ensuring state security is extremely important. Conclusions: Today, security issues have become very important both from the point of view of the individual and the country.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Photographs -- List of Maps -- List of Tables -- Introduction -- 1 "We didn't anticipate even a quarter of what the Russians had prepared here" -- 2 In the shadow of the main attack - Army Detachment Kempf's role in Operation Citadel -- 3 5 July 1943 - The beginning of the end of a tragicomedy -- 4 The 7th Guards Army's main defensive belt crumbles -- Plate Section -- 5 Breith's III Panzer Corps reaches the line of the 69th Army, 7-8 July 1943 -- 6 The fall of the Belgorod bastion, 9-10 July 1943 -- 7 "The beast is badly wounded, but still very dangerous." Breith's III Panzer Corps' dashing foray into the 69th Army's rear -- 8 The pinning counterattack: 7th Guards Army and the events of 12 July -- 9 "The operation's failure turned into a tragedy" -- Back cover.

The article aims at integrating the cultural psychology perspective of into the multidisciplinary field of border studies. It analyses the border phenomenon as a co-genetic system. The authors investigate the psychological side of people who relate to the border out of different motives. Then, it expands some of the theoretical concepts current in border studies by introducing psychological dimensions such as intentionality and directionality. Finally, the framework is applied to two case-studies representing the northern and southern European Union frontiers: the case of Estonian officer Eston Kohver in the Setumaa region on the Estonian–Russian border; and the experiences of border guards in the re-bordering process on the Spanish–Moroccan border. It offers an innovative conceptual resource based on a triadic co-genetic epistemological approach, which allows us to overcome the binary oppositions still very present in the contemporary debates in borders studies.