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. Hearne was born in 1745 in London. He was an indifferent schoolboy and at the age of eleven was in the Royal Navy under the command of Admiral Samuel Hood. He saw action during the Seven Years War but left the Navy and, in 1766, became an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company, which sent him to Fort Prince of Wales at the mouth of the Churchill River. . During its first century the Company had made no determined attempt to penetrate the interior and only the most half-hearted excursions were sent to seek Anian. By the 1730s, however, significant opposition to Company sovereignty and its implementation of its charter obligations had arisen in both England and America. Arthur Dobbs, Surveyor-General of Ireland, initiated a twenty-year struggle to force the Company to meet its charter terms. His challenges generated enough interest to induce the House of Parliament to offer a prize of 20,000 [Pounds Sterling] for the discovery of a strait. He applied for and was granted permission to lead an expedition into the North, accompanied by two white men and certain Indians, to "promote . our trade, as well as for the discovery of a North West Passage, Copper Mines, etc. ." The attempt was a humiliating failure. Two hundred miles northwest of the fort the Indians robbed the white men and left them to reach safety as best they could. Hearne began again in February 1770, with only native companions. He got three hundred miles inland and four hundred miles north of the Churchill before he was robbed. He turned toward home. Nevertheless, it was the farthest north any European had yet explored inland North America. On the return to the Churchill, Hearne met Matonabbee, an important Chipewyan chief, who offered to guide a third attempt toward the Arctic. Norton agreed and between December 1770 and June 1772 Hearne - again the only white man - headed an expedition across the Barren Grounds. . Starvation and death in arctic storms were constant attendants, but in the end he was at the mouth of the Coppermine River on Coronation Gulf. . But he had paid a price. He had watched the butchery of Eskimos at Bloody Falls on the Coppermine River and seen starvation decimate his companions. And he was to see his work sneered at by the scientific and military worlds. Among other criticisms, they said there could be no plant life where he reported because there was none on Greenland in that latitude; the sun could never by visible for twenty-four hours as he said; and the Indians could not possibly roam over such vast areas as he claimed. . Samuel Hearne was the first European to cross the Barren Grounds to the Arctic and thus prove there is no waterway through our continent. He discovered and charted many major lakes, including Great Slave Lake where Matonabbee Point and Hearne Channel credit his work. His record of natural history of the Barren Grounds and the peoples who roamed over them stands unchallenged, and the establishment of Cumberland House saved the great Company from failure and set it on its way to its present eminence as the longest lived commercial venture of all time.

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This thesis is an evaluation of the work of the nineteenth century economist William Edward Hearn. Attention is given primarily to Hearns Plutology: Or the Theory of Efforts to Satisfy Human Wants , but this is related to Hearn's work as a jurist and as a political theorist. The Plutology is also discussed in relation to prior and to subsequent work of others in economics. In Chapter I, Hearn is introduced as a classical political economist in the Smithian, as opposed to the "Ricardian," tradition. This distinction is explained, and the emergence of neoclassical or modern economics is discussed as a change in world-view. Modern economists, holding the neoclassical view, have had difficulty seeing merits of the "Smithian approach In Chapter II, an account is given of Hearn's work and reputation. In his own lifetime, Hearn enjoyed an international reputation as an author. In addition to the. work mentioned, he wrote The Government of England , The Aryan Household , and The Theory of Legal Duties and Rights . He was also chancellor of the University of Melbourne and served in the Victorian legislature. The novel design of the Plutology is explained in Chapter III. Hearn's formula for economic activity, "Efforts to Satisfy Human Wants," supplied him with a conceptual scheme within which was found a logical place for the most notable doctrines of earlier economists. Also, Hearn's approach left him free of many doctrines now generally believed to be sterile or misleading. A separate chapter is given to Hearn's views on specific topics which can be understood as contributions even: by those. whose sympathies lie with the modern orthodoxy. For example, though presented in a different language, Hearn's theory of the firm contains the substance of the theories on that topic advanced by modern writers such as Frank H. Knight and Ronald Coase. In Chapter V, evidence is presented to support the contention that Hearn's Plutology influenced both Marshall's Principles and Jevons' Theory of Political Economy . Marshall was far more Smithian than is commonly believed. And although Jevons is known today as one of the fathers of the modern theory of value, his expressed admiration for Hearn, together with an examination of his theories of labor and of capital, suggests that an alternative interpretation of his work is in order. Chapter VI is an expansion of the implications of Hearn's restatement of what might be called the "Smithian labor theory of value. The single-factor hypothesis is reconciled with modern views of production and distribution. Chapter VII draws from Hearn's work in both analytical and historical jurisprudence for a theory of economic institutions. The principal element in Hearn's legal theory was "duty" rather than "right"; this might be compared to the emphasis, in classical economics, given "labor" rather than "satisfactions." Hearn's legal theory is useful to the modern economist with an interest in the questions raised by the institutional economics." ; Ph. D.

This service record is an account of military actions during the American Civil War by veteran Marcellus Green Hearn, 1844-1913, dated from 1902. ; All descriptive lists and service records in this United Confederate (Civil War) Veterans manuscript collection believed to be based out of Robert E. Lee Camp #158 of the United Confederate Veterans (Fort Worth, Tex.). ; The Southwest Collection Manuscript Record can be accessed at the following URL: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/ttusw/00119/tsw-00119.html ; 1 leaf, 2 pdf pages. ; Regiment & Battles mentioned: Confederate States of America. Army. Arkansas Cavalry Regiment, 1st ; Corinth, Battle of, Corinth, Miss., 1862.