Suchergebnisse

Abstract We describe a systematic way of collecting and organizing information on juvenile delinquency. Monthly data are collected from agencies such as police, courts, and corrections, by county and city. These data are aggregated into figures for different levels of administrative responsibility (such as counties, districts, areas, states, and region as a whole). Trends in monthly values are automatically detected, and sudden changes in rates are signaled. Agencies at each administrative level receive appropriate feedback of data on rates, trends, and signals.

Image fusion has been rapidly gaining importance in application areas such as medical imaging, remote sensing, robotics, navigation and the military. This has led to emergence of several algorithms for image fusion for generating more precise images. This paper presents a novel approach of selecting best image fusion algorithm for a given scenario using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) involving eigen vectors. Evaluations of the proposed approach indicate higher quality of fused images.

"Most well established organizations beyond a certain size adopt a hierarchical structure and accompanying bureaucracy as a means to organize and coordinate the work of the organization. This case study describes a medium-sized family-run organization in the US, with 600 employees and Dollar 2 billion in sales turnover, which functions without formal management structures or titles. Data collected through personal observation and interviews reveal emergent structures, partly in response to the alternative management approach. The paper describes these alternative management methods, the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the conditions that make this approach possible. The paper concludes by discussing the transferability and suitability of these methods to organizations in general." (author's abstract)

Praxeology has accounted for a significant amount factors and information into the field of people's leadership through scientific and management sections. The terms that constitute the Praxeology language have become universal in the management environment of practitioners and theorists. In the Polish thought devoted to scientific foundations of management, among others, praxeological definition of an organisation by T. Kotarbiński, has become universal. The organisation is an open and operating social system, which consists of people who perform in it specified functions and activities and who by means of carefully selected resources and methods are able to perform assigned tasks. Organisations are characterized by a specific structure in which hierarchical arrangement and structure can be separated. Therefore, is there in a such hierarchical organization leadership, management or command?

AbstractMan's intelligence is analyzed as a hierarchical system with five levels. The first level (L1) realizes mainly input and output transformations and is placed between the rest of the intelligent system on the one side and (a) the rest of the organism and (b) its environment on the other side. The second level (L2) is the motivational one and the third level (L3) is the cognitive one. Both L2 and L3 have a structure similar to the classical control systems with the difference that, instead of having a comparator, they have an integrator. The fourth level (L4) observes the regularities of the events in L2 and L3 and achieves a model of functioning of these levels and a model of the world as it is perceived by the human intelligent system. The fifth level (L5) is the linguistic and cultural level which communicates with L4, transcribes it into human language terms and communicates it and contrasts it with the description of (a) L4 and (b) other humans, with the function of forming a model of itself, of others and of the world as it is socially and culturally accepted.

A hierarchical regional system may be defined as a regional international system composed of a single Great Power and a number of relatively small states. This article attempts to clarify the conditions under which member states of a hierarchical regional system, including both the great-power regional hegemon and the relatively small powers, seek to influence the salience that boundaries have for such a system. Scholars and policymakers alike may use several criteria in defining the boundaries of a regional system: 1) A system may be delimited geographically; 2) marked discontinuities in transactional interchanges (language, trade patterns, communication flows) may serve to set it off from the general international system as may common membership in formal international organizations; 3) boundaries may similarly be established by emphasizing behavioral criteria, i.e., by identifying norms especially pertaining to conflict management and resolution which are specific to a group of states. Unless otherwise specified, I employ the last definition throughout this article.

The paradox of financial and economic reality lies in the fact that it coexists and phenomena of financial evolution, and processes of conventional (non-transient) type. On the one hand, the economy is changing technologies, goods, organizations and structures. In this sense, it is evolutionary. On the other hand, the acts of these shifts do not exhaust the essence of financial and economic functioning. The huge role is played by the moments of the economic strength of financial entities, coordination of costs and results, demand and supply, anti-crisis formation. The study of these moments is the prerogative of classical science. This means that science as a whole is not able to refute the classical approaches and absolutize fresh, non-traditional views (synergetic, evolutionary) on the concept or Vice versa. The synthesis of classical and fresh non-standard financial and economic doctrines is necessary.

The financial and economic macro–system mixes different hierarchical structures: functional, sectoral, territorial. Its hierarchical structure has the ability to be different from the hierarchical structure of the organization — the micro level segment. Socioeconomic security of the highest value of the hierarchy is an array of criteria and points that ensure the freedom of the country's economy, its strength and stability, the capacity for constant renewal and self-improvement. Socioeconomic security of any country is an important high-quality feature of the financial and economic system of the state, which determines its ability to maintain the normal circumstances of life of the population, to ensure the provision of resources for the establishment of the economy, and, in addition, to ensure the national and state interests. Social and economic security guarantees stable financial and economic growth, sufficient provision of social needs, effective management, protection of financial and economic interests at the state and global levels. Socioeconomic security of the lowest value of the hierarchy (enterprise) — a provision of its security from the adverse effects of external and internal hazards, destabilizing moments, which guarantees the stable implementation of financial and economic interests and goals of the work.