The subject of the debate was the main elements of the reform in the way higher education functions, implemented from October 2019. The background of the reform was discussed, including the historical and mental conditions of the academic community, and then the reform programming phase (e.g. consultation procedures), the phase of implementing changes (including the issue of adjusting the publication of regulations) and the sphere of new or additional incentives were discussed. which introduced new regulations into academic life (e.g. new rules for obtaining points by scholars for publications, new evaluation rules to which universities are subject, rules for creating statutes).
The aim of the paper is to measure the efficiency and productivity of public administration in higher education using the DEA method and the Malmquist index. The research was carried out in 58 higher education institutions of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in the years 2014-2017. The obtained efficiency results oscillate around 70%. The most effective were pedagogical universities and the least agricultural universities. However, the highest productivity growth was recorded in 2015/2016 in technical universities.
Introduction. Changes in society are focused on finding ways to improve the competitiveness of the domestic economy, improve industrial relations for more effective development of productive forces. One of the key problems is a lack of financial resources. As it is known, additional financial investments lie in increase of government revenues or in reducing expenditures. Results of the research show that the authorities pay more attention to the latter option of searching for financial reserves. Sources of science and education funding are constantly decreasing. This leads to the decreased competitiveness in higher education and its graduate numbers. Problem solving in the scientific and educational area is carried out by taking measures by administration, which are aimed at curtailing scientific research and limiting the access to study at universities for young people. While world experience indicates that the competitiveness of countries in the 21st century will be determined neither by natural nor financial resources, but by the workforce skills. Naturally, Japan, which aspires to world leadership, has announced its readiness to move to compulsory higher education.Purpose of the research is to justify the role of higher education in ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy, as well as to formulate prospective directions for improving the competitiveness of the higher education system of Ukraine.Results. It is acknowledged the conclusion that the development of the higher education system is an important factor in the development of the national economy in the context of integration and globalization processes. The current state is characterized, restraining factors of the progressive development of higher education are established. The priority directions of higher education development and the increase of graduates competitiveness in the labor market are outlined. It is pointed out that the generation of new knowledge, their commercialization in the form of product, technological and other innovations is increasingly dependent on the intellectual potential of higher education institutions. It is established that the employment rate depends on the level of education. It is noted that the development of higher education is an important indicator of both the economy and the harmonization of the «human – society» relations. It was confirmed that industrial society needs not only a few talented people, but a high level of education of the whole population for its development. It is proved that the quality of specialists training requires close cooperation between the interested participants of the educational process: the academic community of HEIs, employers, graduates and students. It is established that the lack of a unified methodology for determining the services fees leads to falsification of the competition during the admission process to HEI. It is shown that there is a problem of chronic under-financing of the necessary expenditures of the HEIs` activities in Ukraine, which is the reason for the decrease in the quality of educational services. It is proposed to use levers of differentiated allocation of budgetary funds between HEIs depending on their performance in the chosen activity indicators, as well as to diversify the sources of revenue.Prospects. Further research of problems of the development of the competitiveness of the national higher education systems should be conducted in the direction of substantiating the role of higher education in the sustainable development of national economy, increasing funding for maintenance and development, rising the internal and international mobility of students, academic and teaching staff; opportunities provision for teachers of qualitative improvement training, and providing guarantees for the first workplace for graduates; development of alternative financing sources for the provision of educational services; highlighting foreign experience of higher education development.
Abstract. The European integration vector of Ukraine requires high-quality reforms, not only at the political or economic level, but also in the field of education. Particularly important is the issue of higher education and its qualitative foreign promotion. It is quite necessary to study and adapt foreign experience in this area to the conditions and realities of the Ukrainian system of higher education. The article mainly focuses on the main features of the promotion of higher education in Great Britain. The period from beginning of British higher education internationalization to its widespread promotion is analyzed. Branding campaigns, programs and initiatives that contributed to the development of UK promotional strategy are examined. Key words: promotion, higher education, UK. ; DOŚWIADCZENIE WIELKIEJ BRYTANII W PROMOWANIU KSZTAŁCENIA WYŻSZEGO Olha Bohorodetska doktor nauk politycznych, Wschodnioeuropejski Uniwersytet Narodowy im. Łesi Ukrainki, ( Łuck, Ukraina) bogorodecka@gmail.com Adnotacja. Eurointegracyjny kierunek rozwoju Ukrainy wymaga przeprowadzenia jakościowych reform i to nie tylko na poziomie politycznym bądź gospodarczym, ale również na poziomie oświaty. Szczególną uwagę należy poświęcić zagadnieniu kształcenia wyższego oraz jego zewnętrznej jakościowej promocji. Istotnym staje się w tej dziedzinie zbadanie oraz adaptacja doświadczenia zagranicznego do warunków oraz realiów ukraińskiego systemu kształcenia wyższego. W artykule skoncentrowano się na zbadaniu głównych wątków promocji kształcenia wyższego w Wielkiej Brytanii. Analizuje się kierunek Wielkiej Brytanii od chwili wprowadzenia internacjonalizacji kształcenia wyższego do jej pełnowartościowej promocji. Zbadano markę kampanii, programy oraz inicjatywy, które sprzyjały wyznaczeniu strategii promocyjnej Wielkiej Brytanii. Słowa kluczowe: promocja, wyższe wykształcenie, Wielka Brytania. ДОСВІД ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЇ У СФЕРІ ПРОМОЦІЇ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ Ольга Богородецька кандидат політичних наук, Східноєвропейський національний університет ім. Лесі ...
У статті з'ясовано роль освіти, зокрема вищої, у суспільстві та економіці країни. Інвестиції в освіту визнано одним із чинників, які визначатимуть майбутнє суспільства та економіки країни. Розкрито моделі та форми (модальності) фінансування закладів вищої освіти у країнах Європи. Визначено моделі фінансування закладів вищої освіти з орієнтацією на пропозицію і на попит та відмінності між ними. Наведено механізми розподілу блок-грантів у країнах Європи. Проаналізовано послуги освіти, у тому числі вищої, за джерелами її оплати в Україні та деяких країнах Європи. ; The role of education, particularly of higher education, in a society and an economy of the country is defined. Education is a key priority for the European Union, investment in education is recognized as one of the factors that will determine the future of society and the economy of the country. People's ability to be entrepreneurial, to manage complex information, to think independently and creatively, using resources, that include digital ones, to be smart, balanced and to interact effectively are the most important characteristics today. In order to respond to these challenges, interactions between higher education systems and institutions, research and innovation are needed. It requires sustained, innovative and targeted funding. The models and forms (modalities) of funding of higher education institutions in Europe are revealed. Innovative models of financial resources allocation for higher education include: direct funding of higher education institution through line-item budgets, funding formula, performance contracts; indirect funding of education institutions through vouchers (targeted and universal), subsidies provided to students or their families as grants and scholarships, tax benefits, student loans. Public supply-side funding (Input- or performancebased) and private (demand-led) funding models are defined. The forms (modalities) of funding are identified. They are: block-grant, project-based, excellence funding, as well as other forms of direct funding, including targeted ones. Allocation mechanisms for block grants in Europe are provided. They include funding formula, performance contract with impact on funding, negotiation/historical determination. The main way of public funding of state higher education institutions is block grants based on the formula funding. Block grant funding based on negotiations is used in Austria, Germany and Spain. Education services (including higher education) by source of funding in Ukraine and some European countries are analyzed. Indicators of the education expenditures and the public expenditure on education shares in GDP in Ukraine compared to similar indicators of developed countries, indicate that it corresponds to or even exceeds its level. This requires further research to determine the priorities of public funding. In Ukraine, the volume of state expenditures on education, including higher education, in relative measure reached the optimal level, and it is possible to increase their quantitative absolute indicators only at the same time as the GDP of the country increases.
W artykule przedstawiono występujące w literaturze przedmiotu główne nurty rozważań problemu innowacji w szkolnictwie wyższym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem innowacji edukacyjnych. Omówione zostały trzy zagadnienia: 1) podstawowe pojęcia dotyczące innowacji, 2) konsekwencje dla zmian struktury organizacyjnej szkolnictwa wyższego oraz 3) czynniki wpływające na powodzenie innowacji. Tezę, iż szanse akceptacji przez środowisko akademickie mają te nowe idee, które wyrastają ze znajomości specyfiki, zakresu oraz warunków podatności na zmiany instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego, przedstawiono na przykładzie reform systemowych, wprowadzonych w krajach Europy Zachodniej pod koniec lat sześćdziesiątych oraz w latach osiemdziesiątych. Zmiany w szkolnictwie wyższym, inicjowane wewnątrz instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego i najwyraźniej widoczne na poziomie podstawowych jednostek organizacyjnych uczelni, zostały zilustrowane wynikami badań przeprowadzonych w Polsce w latach 1993-1995. ; The article presents the main directions of Solutions of the problem of innovations in higher education appearing in the literature of the subject, with special consideration of educational innovations. Three issues were discussed: (1) the main concepts concerning innovations, (ii) consequences for the introduction of changes in the organisational structure of higher education, and (iii) factors influencing the success of innovation. Examples of systemic reforms carried out in the countries of Western Europe towards the end of the sixties and in the eighties were used to illustrate the thesis that those new ideas have chances of being accepted by the academic community that arise from knowledge of the specific nature, scope and conditions of susceptibility to changes of higher education institutions. The findings of studies conducted in Poland in 1993-1995 served to illustrate changes in higher education initiated within higher education institutions and visible on the level of the basis organisational units of those institutions.
У статті здійснено аналіз актуальних досліджень процесу інтернаціоналізації освіти в китайських університетах. Представлено стратегії й підходи до ІВО на національному рівні. Визначено основні способи інтерпретації поняття ІВО на національному та інституційному рівнях у контексті діяльності університетів Китаю. Виділено основні стратегії ІВО в університетах Китаю. ; The article presents analysis of modern researches of Chinese higher education internationalization. It considers modern strategic issues concerning internationalization at universities. Internationalization is represented as a key component of higher education development. On the basis of modern scientific approaches to higher education internationalization at Chinese universities in the context of their activity the principal ways of internationalization interpretation have been defined. Understanding of the notion of higher education internationalisation in China at the national level has been narrow for a long time. In general it means international activities and exchange programs. China authorities emphesize mainly on practical aspects of internationalization but not wide understanding of mutual exchanges of people, ideas, well-being and services between nations and cultural identities. This narrow vision is associated with Sino-centric mentality: Chinese teaching as essence, western one for practicality. Implementation of internationalization policy is fulfilled under national government control. At the national level is assumed an existence of 4 internationalisation categories: 1) intensive transnational higher education; 2) strategy of internationalization elite of China universities; 3) curriculum internationalization; 4) challenges in China higher education. Two characteristics of Confucian model are highlighted in Chinese national strategy of higher education internationalization: the first – strict national outlining of structures, funding and priorities; and the second – accelerated state investing in research and world-class universities. It has been determined that there is the lack of definite and well-planned strategy of building new world-class universities or in other words common national higher education internationalization strategy in China policy. Internationalization initiatives at institutional level have been outlined. Alternative strategies of higher education internationalization at institutional level under conditions of international activity are recruiting of foreign lectors and students and accordingly strengthening of international learning environment, transformation of curriculum and improvement of teaching quality, development of international research and increase of academic exchanges.
The article describes the main legal, institutional, financial frameworks for the higher education system, which create conditions for combining education with science and production with the aim of training competitive human capital for high-tech and innovative development, personal fulfillment, meeting the needs of society, the lab our market and the state in qualified specialists. The authors examine key issues in the development of the education system, improving the quality of professional training, legislative regulation of development of higher education in Ukraine in context of Bologna process; highlight the condition and the prospects of change in the educational system of Ukraine in the aspects of the use and improvement of various means to ensure the quality of the educational process and final educational qualifications; consider the problematic factors of the functioning of higher education in Ukraine from the perspective of the immediate needs of modernization of domestic educational environment that is, bringing it into compliance with the imperative requirements of the present. Special attention is paid to international cooperation in the field. ; У статті розглянуті основні правові, організаційні, фінансові засади функціонування системи вищої освіти, які створюють умови для поєднання освіти з наукою та виробництвом з метою підготовки конкурентоспроможного людського капіталу для високотехнологічного та інноваційного розвитку країни, самореалізації особистості, забезпечення потреб суспільства, ринку праці та держави у кваліфікованих фахівцях. Автори статті аналізують ключові проблеми розвитку системи освіти, підвищення якості професійної підготовки фахівців, законодавчого регулювання розвитку системи вищої освіти в Україні в контексті Болонського процесу. Висвітлено стан і перспективи змін освітньої системи України в аспектах використання та вдосконалення різних засобів забезпечення якості навчального процесу і заключних освітніх кваліфікацій. Розглянуто проблемні фактори функціонування вищої освіти України під кутом зору нагальних потреб модернізації вітчизняного освітнього середовища, тобто приведення його у відповідність до імперативних вимог сучасності. Особлива увага приділяється міжнародному співробітництву в галузі освіти, інтеграції національної освіти до міжнародного освітянського простору.
The article describes the main legal, institutional, financial frameworks for the higher education system, which create conditions for combining education with science and production with the aim of training competitive human capital for high-tech and innovative development, personal fulfillment, meeting the needs of society, the lab our market and the state in qualified specialists. The authors examine key issues in the development of the education system, improving the quality of professional training, legislative regulation of development of higher education in Ukraine in context of Bologna process; highlight the condition and the prospects of change in the educational system of Ukraine in the aspects of the use and improvement of various means to ensure the quality of the educational process and final educational qualifications; consider the problematic factors of the functioning of higher education in Ukraine from the perspective of the immediate needs of modernization of domestic educational environment that is, bringing it into compliance with the imperative requirements of the present. Special attention is paid to international cooperation in the field. ; У статті розглянуті основні правові, організаційні, фінансові засади функціонування системи вищої освіти, які створюють умови для поєднання освіти з наукою та виробництвом з метою підготовки конкурентоспроможного людського капіталу для високотехнологічного та інноваційного розвитку країни, самореалізації особистості, забезпечення потреб суспільства, ринку праці та держави у кваліфікованих фахівцях. Автори статті аналізують ключові проблеми розвитку системи освіти, підвищення якості професійної підготовки фахівців, законодавчого регулювання розвитку системи вищої освіти в Україні в контексті Болонського процесу. Висвітлено стан і перспективи змін освітньої системи України в аспектах використання та вдосконалення різних засобів забезпечення якості навчального процесу і заключних освітніх кваліфікацій. Розглянуто проблемні фактори функціонування вищої освіти України під кутом зору нагальних потреб модернізації вітчизняного освітнього середовища, тобто приведення його у відповідність до імперативних вимог сучасності. Особлива увага приділяється міжнародному співробітництву в галузі освіти, інтеграції національної освіти до міжнародного освітянського простору.
The main task of this paper is to start the discovering of complex reality of interwoven links and relations between the sphere of higher education, globalizing world economy and their «crisis». All current anti-crisis measures will remain fictitious and counterproductive until they take intoaccount deep material structures and relations that underlie the world of «financial» & «economic» relations and exchange & transaction. These relations and their structures produce and reproduce themselves by financial-economic transactions. For existence and reproduction of these relations they require «antropo-production» activities in functions of higher education and professions. In order to overcome the «crisis», we must move beyond the world political economy, we need to disclose these deep structures and relations (of university, world economy and «economic education») and set our world free for development through thoughtful redesign and reconstruction of these structures.
The main task of this paper is to start the discovering of complex reality of interwoven linksand relations between the sphere of higher education, globalizing world economy and their «crisis».All current anti-crisis measures will remain fictitious and counterproductive until they take intoaccount deep material structures and relations that underlie the world of «financial» & «economic»relations and exchange & transaction. These relations and their structures produce and reproducethemselves by financial-economic transactions. For existence and reproduction of these relationsthey require «antropo-production» activities in functions of higher education and professions. Inorder to overcome the «crisis», we must move beyond the world political economy, we need todisclose these deep structures and relations (of university, world economy and «economiceducation») and set our world free for development through thoughtful redesign and reconstructionof these structures.
The article of Ukrainian educationalist N. M. Chernukha reveals the main priorities of the integration unity of teaching and upbringing in modern educational space. It also trace genesis of integration processes in education, especially teaching and upbringing. The author underlines that integration unity of teaching and upbringing in today's educational environment of higher education institutions is the basis of personality successful socialization. According to the author, currently extremely relevant is the problem of effective interaction between teaching and upbringing in the modern university. The optimal correlation between the problems of education and upbringing – is the fundamental pedagogy problem at different times. It was detected that one of the most productive ways of understanding space-time and essential life dimensions is the integration processes in education, addressed primarily to the spiritual possibilities of human, personal's moral and ethical, artistic and aesthetic development, which is a significant and meaningful basis for successful self-realization of modern personality. One of the leading positions in the text highlights the importance of national education, which includes gaining of social experience by the younger generation and students, which was inherited by them with their spiritual heritage of the Ukrainian people. That is why priorities of Ukrainian education is concentrated on formation of personality, which realizes its belonging to the Ukrainian people and modern European civilization. Upbringing of the personality with democratic ideology, who respects civil rights and freedoms, traditions and cultures of the peoples of the world should be national, religious, linguistic choice of every human being. The integration unity of teaching and upbringing in modern educational environment institutions of higher education is a priority of modern educational space, the foundation of successful socialization of personality nowadays.
The article focuses on the theoretical and practical analysis of various levels of governance in higher education - at the systemic level, at the institutional level and at the level of public policy making in higher education system and universities. Both Poland and Ukraine are facing the common challenges of the urgent need to diminish bureaucracy at universities and to deregulate the system of higher education, which requires the necessary changes to the legal framework at the institutional and systemic levels. The article considers which tools in the process of transformation of higher education, both at the macro (governance in HES and public policy) and micro (governance and management in HEI) levels can be used in order to find effective solutions in the areas of management, governance and public policy in the higher education system.
У статті висвітлено базові освітні стандарти польської системи освіти. Досліджено стандарти вищої освіти, що ґрунтуються на основних вимогах Болонського процесу, та здійснено їх аналіз на прикладі Польщі. Реформування вищої освіти істотно підвищить конкурентоспроможність європейської системи освіти, зокрема вищої освіти Польщі та України. Автор зазначає, що Болонський процес, спрямований на створення спільної зони європейської вищої освіти, дозволить повною мірою скористатися перевагами культурної різноманітності, неухильно підвищувати якість освіти, полегшити мобільність студентів і забезпечити молодь повсюдно визнаними кваліфікаціями. ; The paper presents educational standards of Polish higher education system, which exists in Europe. Study of standards, which are the main demands of Bologna process, their investigation, analysis and implementation on the basis of Poland are extremely actual. Reformation of higher education system considerably raises competitiveness of European education system, particularly higher education of Poland and Ukraine. Poland has made important steps in integrating the country's higher education into the process leading to the creation of the European higher education area. The author lights up the main tendencies of higher education in Poland. Following the reforming goals, Poland pays attention to European norms and standards in education, science and technology. Learning and understanding of world experience in higher education, improvement of managerial levers are of great theoretical and practical importance. Results of investigation underlie the basis for forecasting and development of the national higher education within the context of forthcoming to European standards. All innovations assume also a political character. Bologna process should promote to settlement of education imperfection and irregularity; unemployment. Suspension and pragmatism in implementation of the main directions of Bologna process indicate that Poland has chosen the right way. The difficulties that Poland had towards its way into European educational and scientific area have been overcome. Joining of Ukraine to Bologna process is a systematic integrated process of forwarding of its higher education into European and world educational and scientific area. Globalization predetermines continual pursuit of reforming and modernization of higher education system in Ukraine. Integration into the European structure for Ukraine means to obtain country's European identity and to help enhance its educational opportunities. Experience exchange will help Ukraine to become closer to the level of European counties. The implementation of a higher quality of education within Bologna process will enhance student and academic staff mobility. Recognition of qualifications and diplomas between Ukraine and European countries will promote to international competitiveness of Ukrainian higher education graduates. The author notes that Bologna process of reformation, directed at establishment of joint area of European higher education, allows in full take advantages of cultural variety, steadily improve the quality of education, facilitate students' mobility and provide the youth by everywhere recognized qualifications.
Modern HEIs operate in an extremely fast and complex external environment in which transformational processes take place, which necessitates accelerating their adaptation to new conditions. In connection with this, in order to make managerial decisions, the need for strategic analysis as an informational basis for making marketing decisions is updated. The purpose of the article is to develop a scientific and methodical approach to the strategic analysis of the conditions and factors of the environment in the field of higher education and to identify on its basis revolutionary changesthat require the adoption and implementation of adaptive management solutions to ensure sustainable development of the HEI. The task of assessing the external factors of the marketing environment of the HEI is to identify not just threats and opportunities, but the signals of changes that will allow for revolutionary change - significant transformations that determine the need for urgent response and adoption of the appropriate management decisions. To determine and assess the environmental factors to be assessed, a SWOT analysis method based on defined opportunities and threats is selected; PEST analysis method as a method for analyzing the main four groups of factors: political (P), economic (E), socio-demographic (S), scientific and technical (ST). The strategic analysis, as a process, involves the consistent implementation of preparatory, analytical, settlement operations and procedures, comprehension and interpretation of results. In each group (P, E, S, ST) the factors are determined and the system of corresponding parameters and indicators to be analyzed is formed. According to the results of the strategic analysis, it is established that very strong signals of revolutionary changesin the zone of threats are associated with negative trends in economic and socio-demographic factors; in the area of opportunity - with high rates of scientific and technological progress, information technologies and the development of information ...
