Suchergebnisse

In this article, the international group presents the results of their research (2013-2015) on how the left idea evolved in the field of artistic culture in two countries, the USSR and France in the period between 1920s-mid1950s. The study was based on French structuralist and pragmatic sociologies of culture and focused primarily on personal documents and materials of the Soviet era. The politicization of art is analyzed in the context of Stalinist cultural politics and dominant socialist realism.Key words: structuralist theory of culture, pragmatic theory of culture, the field of literature, the political in art, left the Soviet art, socialist realism, Stalinist cultural policy ; В статье представлены итоги работы международного исследовательского коллектива, изучавшего в течение 2013–2015 гг. трансформации левой идеи в поле художественной культуры СССР и Франции в период 1920-е – середина 1950-х гг. Исследование велось в рамках теоретических подходов, разработанных французскими социологами культуры – представителями структуралистской и прагматистской теорий, а также на материале «человеческих документов» советской эпохи. Анализ процессов политизации искусства осуществляется в контексте сталинской культурной политики и доминирования соцреализма в поле советского искусства.Ключевые слова: структуралистская теория культуры, прагматистская теория культуры, поле литературы, политическое в искусстве, советское левое искусство, соцреализм, сталинская культурная политика.

Статья посвящена изучению различных аспектов девиантного поведения как отдельных личностей, так и небольших групп и целых коллективов. Деструктивная деятельность этих людей направлена на осквернение памятников и различных монументов. Эта проблема в разной степени касается всех стран мира. Необходимо отметить, что в последнее время наблюдается устойчивая тенденция к часто повторяющимся деструктивным действиям в отношении памятников как объектов культуры, искусства и средоточия исторической памяти народа. Различные группы населения в зависимости от образования, культуры и политических взглядов по-разному смотрят на уничтожение или осквернение памятников. В статье представлена попытка определить триггеры появления и методы преодоления варварства при осквернении мемориалов.
The article is devoted to the study of various aspects of deviant behavior of both individuals and small groups and whole collectives. The destructive activities of these people are aimed at desecrating monuments and various memorials. This problem affects all countries of the world to varying degrees. It should be noted that recently there has been a steady tendency towards frequently repeated destructive actions in relation to monuments as objects of culture, art and the focus of the people's historical memory. Different groups of the population, depending on education, culture and political views, have different views on the destruction or desecration of monuments. The article presents an attempt to determine the triggers for the emergence and methods of overcoming of barbarism in the desecration of memorials.

Today it seems quite common to take pictures of historical monuments, urban sculptures, art paintings in museums. All of the listed works are objects of fine art. At the same time, just a few people think how legitimate it is to subsequently use the photos taken: can they be posted on social networks on the personal pages? Is it acceptable to reproduce them in the media? Is it possible to produce consumer goods (t-shirts, key chains, badges, postcards, etc.), etc., based on these images? As it turns out from the point of view of the current legislation everything is not so simple. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of court cases on this issue. This problem became the subject of discussion at one of the meetings of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Intellectual Property Rights Cour [1, p.11]. Some countries are aware of such a legal regime of free use of works of art as panorama exception or freedom of panorama, which implies the non-contractual use of works of art, i.e. without the permission of the authors (copyright holders) located in the public places. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation also provides for the free use of art works that are openly located in public places: parks, streets, museums, etc. However, free use by reproduction and distribution, including in photographs, is only possible under certain conditions. Otherwise, a user must apply for permission from the copyright holder. Among other things, in cases where the object in which the work of fine art is expressed— a painting, sculpture, engraving, etc., belongs to the museum, included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and located in the museums of the Russian Federation, it is also necessary to request permission from the museum. Failure to comply with these requirements leads to a violation of the rights of both copyright holders and museums. This article analyzes the features of the reproduction and distribution of fine art works in the media, social networks and other sources of information dissemination in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The approaches of free use of works in some foreign jurisdictions are considered. ; Сегодня кажется совершенно обыденным делать фотографии исторических памятников, городских скульптур, художественных картин вмузеях. Все перечисленные произведения относятся кобъектам изобразительного искусства. Вместе стем мало кто задумывается, насколько правомерно впоследствии использовать снятые фотографии: можно ли их размещать всоциальных сетях на своих персональных страницах? Допустимо ли печатать такие фотографии всредствах массовой информации? Можно ли производить на основе этих снимков товары широкого потребления (футболки, брелоки, значки, открытки и т. п.) и т. д.? Как выясняется, сточки зрения действующего законодательства все не так просто. Впоследнее время отмечается возросшее количество судебных дел по данной проблематике. Этот вопрос стал предметом обсуждения на одном из заседаний Научно-консультационного совета Суда по интеллектуальным правам [1, c.11]. Некоторым странам известен такой режим свободного использования произведений ИЗО, как panorama exception, или freedom of panorama, который предполагает бездоговорное использование произведений ИЗО, т.е. без разрешения авторов (правообладателей), которые постоянно находятся в общественных местах. Гражданский кодекс РФ также предусматривает свободное использование произведений ИЗО, которые открыто расположены вобщественных местах: парки, улицы, музеи ит. д. Вместе стем свободное использование путем воспроизведения ираспространения, втом числе на фотографии, возможно лишь при соблюдении определенных условий. Впротивном случае пользователю необходимо обращаться за разрешением к правообладателю. Кроме того, вслучаях если объект, вкотором выражено произведение ИЗО (картина, скульптура, гравюра ит.п.), принадлежит на праве собственности музею, включен всостав Музейного фонда Российской Федерации инаходится вмузеях Российской Федерации, также необходимо запрашивать разрешение умузея. Несоблюдение этих требований приводит кнарушению прав как правообладателей, так имузеев. В статье проанализированы особенности воспроизведения ираспространения произведений ИЗО вСМИ, социальных сетях ииных источниках распространения информации всоответствии сзаконодательством Российской Федерации. Рассмотрены подходы ксвободному использованию произведений внекоторых иностранных юрисдикциях.

Данная статья посвящена изучению отдельных вопросов эстетики арабского мира и его художественному философскому наследию. Исследуется более глубокий самобытный характер философии ислама. А также рассмотрено соотношение философского и религиозного миросозерцания в искусстве (на примере арабской школы поэзии). В этом смысле, несмотря на то, что исламское искусство характеризуется рядом формальных признаков, таких как абстрактность, плоскостное изображение, оно всегда обладало духовной функцией, которая была тесно связана с ориентирами мусульманского и философского миросозерцания.
This article defi nes the aesthetics of the Arab world and its artistic and philosophical heritage. The deeper original character of the philosophy of Islam is investigated. In addition, the relations of philosophical and religious worldview in art (on the example of the Arabic school of poetry) are considered. In this sense, despite the fact that Islamic art is characterized by a number of formal features, such as abstraction, plane image, it has always had a spiritual function, which was closely related to the guidelines of the Muslim and philosophical worldview.

The article tries to determine the role of myth and mythological thinking in society, shows the relationship of socio-political myth with ideology, politics, historical memory. A feature of the "basic myths of society" is presented. The only thing that strengthens today's society is the image of the people - the winner of fascism. However, they are also trying to destroy this image. It is argued that the concept of Russian national history should be contrasted with these challenges, which should consist not of defeats and disasters, but of being heroic, i.e. including examples of overcoming difficulties, examples of victories and achievements. Even in the years of the Great War for the Defense of the Fatherland (World War II).

The author pursued the aim — to reveal features of an image of the Napoleonic era in art and multimedia space of France. Using methodology of "communicative memory", the author analysed an image of the French emperor in fiction, advertising, cinema, computer games. The image of Napoleon is actively used in the art forming mass ideas of historical events. In recent years there was a huge number of the computer games devoted to the Napoleonic era and allowing players not only to like the spirit of that time but also to offer a possible alternative to a succession of events of the past. So art and closely related, especially today, multimedia space prolong the virtual life of Napoleon. Writers, directors, marketing specialists seek to create a heroic image of the Napoleonic era. They or sing of the emperor's victories, or justify his defeats. The fiction recovers Bonaparte not only in historical memory but also in political space, drawing analogies between Napoleon and Sarkozy. In virtual space of computer games Napoleon always the hero; it or gives a task, helps to reveal secrets, or players participate in battle on its party. Advertising uses Napoleon as a known brand, influencing the mass idea of French of this era. So art and multimedia space promote preservation in minds and souls of French of a great imperial idea which as believe many, is a pledge of the future of France. This article can be used in research of representations of the power in cultural memory and multimedia space.

Глава посвящена проблеме археологической и этнической принадлежности бастарнов, одного из племен европейского варварского мира конца I тысячелетия до н.э. Рассматриваются особенности участия бастарнов в миграционном движении племен на территории от Эльбы до Днепра. В предлагаемой вниманию читателей статье анализируется появление и исчезновение тех или иных археологических культур, представлена методика установления связей между ними, предложена типология историко-археологических сопоставлений. Анализируя эволюцию обряда погребения и особенность погребального инвентаря, автор приходит к заключению о правомерности ранее высказанного предположения (М.Б. Щукин) о принадлежности бастарнов к зарубинецкой культуре.
The chapter is devoted to the problem of the archaeological and ethnic identity of the Bastarnae, one of the tribes of the European barbarian world of the end of the I millennium BC. The features of the participation of Bastarnae in the migration movement of tribes on the territory from the Elbe to the Dnieper are considered. This article analyzes the appearance and disappearance of certain archaeological cultures, presents a methodology for establishing links between them, and suggests a typology of historical and archaeological comparisons. Analyzing the evolution of the burial rite and the peculiarity of the burial inventory, the author comes to the conclusion about the validity of the previously stated assumption (M.B. Shchukin) about the Bastarnae belonging to the Zarubinets culture.

The article deals with historical legal analysis of activity of the lawyer in Russia and France. The purpose of this article is to examine the development of the legal profession in Russia and France, as well as their differences. Revealing the purpose of this publication should indicate that it is considered the most important historical periods which influenced the development of advocacy, authority, status and activities of lawyers.

Beauty is that category of aesthetics, the definition of which is still the subject of controversy among philosophers and art researchers. Beauty is both objective and subjective, absolute and relative, it is an imperative of art and it develops historically. Beauty forms a dialectical triad together with two other leading aesthetic categories — the beautiful and the ugly. In this triad, different types of synthesis of the beautiful and the ugly form the basis of historical types of beauty.
Philosophers, artists, art researchers have always had a professional interest in the dialectical connection «beautiful-ugly». However, firstly, the relations between these categories have not been studied previously from the standpoint of their dialectical analysis and synthesis at the same time. Secondly, different types of synthesis of the beautiful and the ugly did not stand out. These two conditions are taken into account in the article. In addition, beauty is considered as an aesthetic meta–category in the context of the dialectical triad «beautiful — ugly — beauty». Together, this made it possible to describe, explain and predict the change of historical types of beauty in the arts in the article.
According to the author's concept, three such objective types are distinguished and they correspond to the mimetic, non-mimetic and post-mimetic stages of the development of spatial arts. So the beautiful dominates the ugly (the art of the Ancient World, Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Modern times); the beautiful borders on the ugly (the art of modernism); the ugly dominates the beautiful (the art of postmodernism). The author also substantiates the assumption that today the next type of beauty has appeared. It arose like the previous ones in the conditions of radical changes in the artistic perception of the system-organizational principles of the Universe.

The article analyzes the main trends in the transformation of the liberal model of journalism in Western historical and political discourses of the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. In particular, corporate and hierarchical trends in the formation of mass media complexes are highlighted, contributing to the growth of control over journalistic activities, on the one hand, and strengthening political conformism, on the other.

Within the framework of the presented article, the authors reviewed the prerequisites for the formation of national entrepreneurship during the reign of Peter I and Catherine II on the basis of a review of a wide range of Russian and foreign historical sources. The data obtained during the research made it possible to define the form of the national economy structure in the periods under review, as well as to structure the main negative (from the financial, economic and institutional point of view) moments of the results of the reign of two significant Russian reformers. On the basis of historical parallels, the authors convincingly substantiate that the management mistakes made in the economic and financial transformations initiated during the reign of Peter I and Catherine II tend to repeat, which greatly restricts the entrepreneurial initiative and economic activity in modern Russian society. Copyright © 2017 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Copyright © 2017 by Sochi State University.

Report about the book «Russian abroad: sources of historical researches, their evolution»

The arable soils of Stavropol are affected by various natural and man-made factors that reduce soil fertility, therefore, the development of a number of specific soil protection measures is an important practical task. The processes affecting the soil are usually complex and include a certain number of factors (water erosion, deflation, etc.), which are more or less manifested on a certain type of chernozem and chestnut soils. The main task is to comprehensively assess the state of arable soils based on the information about the areas of factors affecting soils in the survey areas. For this purpose, the calculation method of main components is used, which allows to obtain the values of the complex indicator of the state of soil (CISS). It was found that the main component PC 1 includes the following significant factors: solonchaks and saline soils; salt marshes and washed away soils. The PC 2 component includes deflated and waterlogged soils. The main contribution to the PC 3 component is by the following factor: soils destroyed by combined erosion and deflation.The coordinates of the calculated point BST and the values of the CISS ( D i) are determined and calculated in the sub-space of selected principal components. Then by the method of data grouping, the surveyed areas of the region are rankedaccording to the CISS values and the groups of areas with satisfactory, moderate and unsatisfactory soil conditions are formed, and the CISS data are presented in cartographic form. The analysis of the map-scheme of certain types of soils over the territory of the region and their comparison with the data of the map of soil state level at the survey points allows to conclude that in most cases certain negative factors of soil-climatic character and soil genesis correspond to the unsatisfactory level of soil state according to the CISS values ( D i). Based on the comprehensive assessment of the soil state level, specific soil protection measures have been developed for basic tillage: energy-saving technologies with dump processing of semi-fallow lands in the areas with a satisfactory level; combined subsurface loosening in the areas with moderate level; and shallow mulching treatment down to 10-12 cm in deflationary areas and deep chiseling down to 40 cm on saline soils with unsatisfactory level of soil state.

The article raises the problem of preserving national identity in the context of hybridisation / universalisation of the values ​​of the Russian youth. In this regard, the concept of "historical memory" is applied to the data of two studies carried out in schools and five universities (both at the capital and regional level). The purpose of the article is to assess the content and vector of historical knowledge of students about their country, the attitude to this knowledge among young people and adolescents at different educational levels. The process of continuity of school and university education in the national history is considered, the points of breaks are revealed. A general assessment is given on which periods of Russian history retain the connection with the young generations of Russians, and on which ones go into the past, revealing the main narratives of historical memory. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the continuity and general assessment among schoolchildren and university students is maintained in relation to at least two events in the Russian history - the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45 and the historical figure of Peter I as the first emperor of Russia, who turned the country to the West and made a breakthrough in its modernization; 2. there is a gap in historical memory in relation to events associated with the period of Ancient Rus, a connection with the Soviet past is revealed; schoolchildren even single out the Soviet period as the most interesting and memorable; 3. there are gaps in the continuity of historical knowledge at the level of school and university education, this concerns, for example, such an event as "the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014"; 4. among schoolchildren dominates (58%) a group of students who are proud of the country history, whilst there is a group of those who are indifferent to their history or express negative assessments (8%) and have a neutral attitude to the history of Russia (34%), there is a high percentage (76%) of those who believe that there are different events in the history of Russia and it is important to remember the "dark" pages of one´s own history; 5. as a result, we see young people behaving differently depending on the age, who, for some reason, began to doubt their country and are ashamed of its past, but at the same time are ready to participate in the country's transformations.