Suchergebnisse

In this article, the international group presents the results of their research (2013-2015) on how the left idea evolved in the field of artistic culture in two countries, the USSR and France in the period between 1920s-mid1950s. The study was based on French structuralist and pragmatic sociologies of culture and focused primarily on personal documents and materials of the Soviet era. The politicization of art is analyzed in the context of Stalinist cultural politics and dominant socialist realism.Key words: structuralist theory of culture, pragmatic theory of culture, the field of literature, the political in art, left the Soviet art, socialist realism, Stalinist cultural policy ; В статье представлены итоги работы международного исследовательского коллектива, изучавшего в течение 2013–2015 гг. трансформации левой идеи в поле художественной культуры СССР и Франции в период 1920-е – середина 1950-х гг. Исследование велось в рамках теоретических подходов, разработанных французскими социологами культуры – представителями структуралистской и прагматистской теорий, а также на материале «человеческих документов» советской эпохи. Анализ процессов политизации искусства осуществляется в контексте сталинской культурной политики и доминирования соцреализма в поле советского искусства.Ключевые слова: структуралистская теория культуры, прагматистская теория культуры, поле литературы, политическое в искусстве, советское левое искусство, соцреализм, сталинская культурная политика.

Today it seems quite common to take pictures of historical monuments, urban sculptures, art paintings in museums. All of the listed works are objects of fine art. At the same time, just a few people think how legitimate it is to subsequently use the photos taken: can they be posted on social networks on the personal pages? Is it acceptable to reproduce them in the media? Is it possible to produce consumer goods (t-shirts, key chains, badges, postcards, etc.), etc., based on these images? As it turns out from the point of view of the current legislation everything is not so simple. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of court cases on this issue. This problem became the subject of discussion at one of the meetings of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Intellectual Property Rights Cour [1, p.11]. Some countries are aware of such a legal regime of free use of works of art as panorama exception or freedom of panorama, which implies the non-contractual use of works of art, i.e. without the permission of the authors (copyright holders) located in the public places. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation also provides for the free use of art works that are openly located in public places: parks, streets, museums, etc. However, free use by reproduction and distribution, including in photographs, is only possible under certain conditions. Otherwise, a user must apply for permission from the copyright holder. Among other things, in cases where the object in which the work of fine art is expressed— a painting, sculpture, engraving, etc., belongs to the museum, included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and located in the museums of the Russian Federation, it is also necessary to request permission from the museum. Failure to comply with these requirements leads to a violation of the rights of both copyright holders and museums. This article analyzes the features of the reproduction and distribution of fine art works in the media, social networks and other sources of information dissemination in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The approaches of free use of works in some foreign jurisdictions are considered. ; Сегодня кажется совершенно обыденным делать фотографии исторических памятников, городских скульптур, художественных картин вмузеях. Все перечисленные произведения относятся кобъектам изобразительного искусства. Вместе стем мало кто задумывается, насколько правомерно впоследствии использовать снятые фотографии: можно ли их размещать всоциальных сетях на своих персональных страницах? Допустимо ли печатать такие фотографии всредствах массовой информации? Можно ли производить на основе этих снимков товары широкого потребления (футболки, брелоки, значки, открытки и т. п.) и т. д.? Как выясняется, сточки зрения действующего законодательства все не так просто. Впоследнее время отмечается возросшее количество судебных дел по данной проблематике. Этот вопрос стал предметом обсуждения на одном из заседаний Научно-консультационного совета Суда по интеллектуальным правам [1, c.11]. Некоторым странам известен такой режим свободного использования произведений ИЗО, как panorama exception, или freedom of panorama, который предполагает бездоговорное использование произведений ИЗО, т.е. без разрешения авторов (правообладателей), которые постоянно находятся в общественных местах. Гражданский кодекс РФ также предусматривает свободное использование произведений ИЗО, которые открыто расположены вобщественных местах: парки, улицы, музеи ит. д. Вместе стем свободное использование путем воспроизведения ираспространения, втом числе на фотографии, возможно лишь при соблюдении определенных условий. Впротивном случае пользователю необходимо обращаться за разрешением к правообладателю. Кроме того, вслучаях если объект, вкотором выражено произведение ИЗО (картина, скульптура, гравюра ит.п.), принадлежит на праве собственности музею, включен всостав Музейного фонда Российской Федерации инаходится вмузеях Российской Федерации, также необходимо запрашивать разрешение умузея. Несоблюдение этих требований приводит кнарушению прав как правообладателей, так имузеев. В статье проанализированы особенности воспроизведения ираспространения произведений ИЗО вСМИ, социальных сетях ииных источниках распространения информации всоответствии сзаконодательством Российской Федерации. Рассмотрены подходы ксвободному использованию произведений внекоторых иностранных юрисдикциях.

The article tries to determine the role of myth and mythological thinking in society, shows the relationship of socio-political myth with ideology, politics, historical memory. A feature of the "basic myths of society" is presented. The only thing that strengthens today's society is the image of the people - the winner of fascism. However, they are also trying to destroy this image. It is argued that the concept of Russian national history should be contrasted with these challenges, which should consist not of defeats and disasters, but of being heroic, i.e. including examples of overcoming difficulties, examples of victories and achievements. Even in the years of the Great War for the Defense of the Fatherland (World War II).

The author pursued the aim — to reveal features of an image of the Napoleonic era in art and multimedia space of France. Using methodology of "communicative memory", the author analysed an image of the French emperor in fiction, advertising, cinema, computer games. The image of Napoleon is actively used in the art forming mass ideas of historical events. In recent years there was a huge number of the computer games devoted to the Napoleonic era and allowing players not only to like the spirit of that time but also to offer a possible alternative to a succession of events of the past. So art and closely related, especially today, multimedia space prolong the virtual life of Napoleon. Writers, directors, marketing specialists seek to create a heroic image of the Napoleonic era. They or sing of the emperor's victories, or justify his defeats. The fiction recovers Bonaparte not only in historical memory but also in political space, drawing analogies between Napoleon and Sarkozy. In virtual space of computer games Napoleon always the hero; it or gives a task, helps to reveal secrets, or players participate in battle on its party. Advertising uses Napoleon as a known brand, influencing the mass idea of French of this era. So art and multimedia space promote preservation in minds and souls of French of a great imperial idea which as believe many, is a pledge of the future of France. This article can be used in research of representations of the power in cultural memory and multimedia space.

The article deals with historical legal analysis of activity of the lawyer in Russia and France. The purpose of this article is to examine the development of the legal profession in Russia and France, as well as their differences. Revealing the purpose of this publication should indicate that it is considered the most important historical periods which influenced the development of advocacy, authority, status and activities of lawyers.

The article analyzes the main trends in the transformation of the liberal model of journalism in Western historical and political discourses of the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. In particular, corporate and hierarchical trends in the formation of mass media complexes are highlighted, contributing to the growth of control over journalistic activities, on the one hand, and strengthening political conformism, on the other.

Within the framework of the presented article, the authors reviewed the prerequisites for the formation of national entrepreneurship during the reign of Peter I and Catherine II on the basis of a review of a wide range of Russian and foreign historical sources. The data obtained during the research made it possible to define the form of the national economy structure in the periods under review, as well as to structure the main negative (from the financial, economic and institutional point of view) moments of the results of the reign of two significant Russian reformers. On the basis of historical parallels, the authors convincingly substantiate that the management mistakes made in the economic and financial transformations initiated during the reign of Peter I and Catherine II tend to repeat, which greatly restricts the entrepreneurial initiative and economic activity in modern Russian society. Copyright © 2017 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Copyright © 2017 by Sochi State University.

The modern system of Russian public healthcare is aimed not at the preservation of health, but at treatment. Primary attention is paid to providing the population with medicines and quality medical care. Therefore, the growth of the pharmaceutical market is rather positive. One of the locomotives of this market is advertising of pharmaceutical corporations. The aim of the study is to identify the main problem which is included in television advertising of medicines, the rationale for the possibility and necessity for more strict regulation of pharmaceuticals advertising.The study considers the experience of successful legislative restrictions on the advertising of potentially unsafe products, analyzes the dependence of the pharmaceutical market dynamics on the advertising efforts of pharmaceutical companies, evaluates the results of the communicative impact of medicines promotion on the mass consciousness, and examines the state policy in the field of healthcare and advertising of medicines.The results of the study demonstrated that the increase in the consumption of medicines does not have a positive effect on the level of health of the Russian population. Due to the increase in the advertising budgets of pharmaceutical companies, especially on television, there is an increase in consumption of over-the-counter drugs in the first place; citizens are engaged in self-medication. As a result, a drug-dependent consumer is formed. The state does not make sufficient efforts to promote healthy lifestyle, and legislative initiatives aimed at restricting the advertising of medicines do not find the necessary support. ; Современная система здравоохранения России ориентирована не на сохранение здоровья, а на лечение. Первостепенное внимание уделяется обеспечению населения лекарственными средствами и квалифицированной медицинской помощью. Поэтому рост рынка фармацевтических средств расценивается, скорее, положительно. Один из локомотивов этого рынка — реклама фармацевтических корпораций. Целью исследования является определение основной проблемы, которую заключает в себя телевизионная реклама лекарственных препаратов, обоснование возможности и необходимости более жесткого регулирования рекламы фармацевтических средств.В исследовании отмечен опыт успешных законодательных ограничений рекламы потенциально небезопасных товаров, анализируется зависимость динамики рынка фармацевтических средств от рекламных усилий фармацевтических компаний, дается оценка результатов коммуникативного воздействия по продвижению лекарств на массовое сознание и рассматривается политика государства в сфере охраны здоровья и рекламы лекарственных средств.Результаты исследования показали, что рост потребления лекарственных средств не оказывает положительного воздействия на уровень здоровья населения Российской Федерации. Благодаря увеличению рекламных бюджетов фармацевтических компаний, особенно на телевидении, происходит рост потребления прежде всего безрецептурных препаратов, граждане занимаются самолечением. В результате формируется лекарственно-зависимый потребитель. Государство не прилагает достаточных усилий для пропаганды здорового образа жизни, а законодательные инициативы, направленные на ограничение рекламы лекарств, не находят необходимой поддержки.

The article examines the history of modernization processes in the world's social and political practice.The author analyzes the theories of modernization, the researchers' views on the peculiarities of modernization processes and the main problems faced by the states that have embarked on the path of transformation.Attention is paid to the conceptual basis of modernization processes: concepts of evolutionism, diff usionism, modern theories of socio-cultural dynamics. Political modernization can be regarded as a process of changing the political system. The main directions of the political modernization processes are: the changes of the political system, stabilization of political relations, institutional adaptation to the current realities and modern challenges, sustainable economic growth and democracy. States are going through a process of modernization in accordance with their goals, objectives and level of development.The concept of political modernisation is one of the key notions in the policy arrangements approach. It tries to capture those structural transformations in political domains in contemporary societies, which have or may have consequences for day-to-day policy practices. In turn, developments within certain policy practices may contribute to or contradict these structural transformations.

В статье анализируется инновационная деятельность городского ресурсного центра по тематике "Изобразительное искусство". Обозначены основные направления деятельности и перспективы развития.

The article reviews the formation of the Sochi resort, the peculiarities of urban development of the Sochi resort agglomeration. It points out the historical role of architecture experts, academicians of the USSR Academy of Architecture in the formation of its architectural image. The article touches upon the problems of degradation of the historical environment and its safety in the context of excessive urbanization and imperfection of legislative regulation of the development of the resort with peculiar natural and climate conditions. The article poses a question about the object of protection of the historical settlement and its boundaries, as well as underlines the necessity for a complex scientific-design and regulatory approach to the achievement of the goals set in the Strategy of Social-Eco-nomic Development of the Krasnodar Region for the resort city of Sochi. ; Рассматриваются периоды становления курорта Сочи, специфические особенности градостроительного развития Сочинской курортной агломерации. Отмечается историческая роль мастеров архитектуры, академиков Академии архитектуры СССР в формировании его архитектурного облика. Затронуты проблемы деградации исторической среды и ее безопасности в связи с чрезмерной урбанизацией и несовершенством нормативно-законодательного регулирования процессов развития курорта с особо сложными природно-климатическими условиями. Ставится вопрос о предмете охраны исторического поселения и его границах, утверждается необходимость комплексного научно-проектного и нормативно-законодательного подхода к достижению целей, поставленных в Стратегии социально-экономического развития Краснодарского края по городу-курорту Сочи.

History is one of the most important school disciplines. Politicians and intellectuals have appealed to history to motivate their actions. They promoted the ideas of liberalism and modernization of the state. This was possible only by creating a political ideology. History has taken a leading role in the more ideologies. We wrote in this study about the creation and evolution of history that science and school disciplines. History was born in ancient Athens. The first historian was Herodotus. He told the public in Agora about the heroic deeds of their ancestors. Success of stories was ensured by combining historical facts with literary talent. Those present received the new literary genre with a great enthusiasm, because they identified themselves with the glorious deeds of their ancestors. The new genre also had a muse, and historians had to be inspired by it – the Clio muse. Historian must investigate the past, gather information. He is transforming into a detective of the past. Thucidides will be the one who will transform history. His story is moralizing. He criticizes more of the qualities of the Greeks, contemporary with him. That was the reason why the Peloponnesian War work written by Thucidides liked less to the Greeks and became less well known. The important role of the oratorio for capitalizing on history was emphasized by Cicero: By what other voice, too, than that of the orator, is history, the witness of time, the light of truth, the life of memory, the directress of life, the herald of antiquity, committed to immortality? The Romanian historiography reached its peak through the works of Tacitus. The sine ira et studio expression became the standard of historical work. History had the greatest success in the modern age when the nations were formed. Political ideology needed history to formulate ideological doctrines. This was the time when history was enslaved by the politic. Assuming of history has reduced the interest in discipline, but she can recover the busy place before. The principles ...

The subject of the article is the grounds for exemption from criminal liability with the appointment of a judicial fine are being considered.The purpose of the article is to reveal the systemic links between Art. 76.2 and 75-76 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as well as prospects of judicial fine in criminal law.The methodology of research includes methods of complex analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-logical, comparative legal and formal-legal methods.Results, scope of application. The author analyzes the practice of applying Art. 76.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on criminal cases concerning crimes with a formal composition, when the defendants did not make any compensation for damage or other reparation for damage caused by the criminal act.The author notes that the institution of release from criminal liability with the appointment of a judicial fine is controversial. On the one hand, it has positive aspects, as it directly and unambiguously aims at compensation for damage or other smoothing of the harm caused by the crime. Сriminal legislation of the Russian Federation should more actively provide for the interests of the victim.However, fine also has a number of shortcomings related to the contradictory nature of his normative definition. The institution in question does not have its own substantive legal basis, it is applied to the same range of cases as the grounds for exemption from criminal liability provided for in Art. 75, 76 and partially Art. 76.1 of the Criminal Code. Consequently, its appearance can make a system of measures that stimulate positive postcriminal behavior only more contradictory.The introduction of this institution can contribute to an increase in manifestations of corruption. Judicial fine is appointed only by the court, but the court to exercise its functions in this case does not have the ability to verify the truthfulness of the information on the participation of the accused in the committed crime. So, there is a risk of applying this institution to persons who should be brought to criminal responsibility.This institution is available primarily for wealthy suspects (accused persons) who are capable to reimburse the damage caused by crime immediately and, in addition, within the time limits established by the court to pay a judicial fine.Conclusions. The author comes to the conclusion that the exemption from criminal liability with the appointment of a judicial fine is a truncated form of active repentance. ; Рассматривается основание освобождения от уголовной ответственности с назначением судебного штрафа. Исследуются системные связи ст. 76.2 со ст. 75 и 76 УК РФ. Анализируется практика применения ст. 76.2 УК РФ по уголовным делам о преступлениях с формальным составом, по которым подсудимым не было произведено какое-либо возмещение ущерба либо иное заглаживание вреда, причиненного преступным деянием. Делается вывод, что освобождение от уголовной ответственности с назначением судебного штрафа является усеченной формой деятельного раскаяния.

Rickets is a disease that has been known to mankind for several decades. Overcoming this public health problem was a triumph of science and public policy in the 20th century, but over the course of several decades rickets sharply returned as a result of cultural, environmental and political factors. Vitamin D plays a fundamental role in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, and, consequently, in the development of rickets. In addition to these classic skeletal effects, recent studies have shown that vitamin D has other significant extracellular effects that can complicate the course of the disease and have long-term effects on children's health. Vitamin D sufficiency in children has been defined as serum 25(OH) D levels of over 30 ng/ml, insufficiency as 21-30 ng/ml, deficiency as less than 20 ng/ml. The upper limit of the reference range is 100 nmol/L, as levels above may be associated with vitamin D toxicity in children. Serum 1.25(OH)2D should not be used for the assessment of vitamin D status. Natural sources of vitamin D are very limited, therefore, its use in the form of nutritional supplements is the primary mean of preventing and treating rickets. The recommended drug for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency is cholecalciferol (D3). Colecalciferol is recommended to be given at a dose of 1000 IU/day to all children aged 1 to 6 months regardless of the type of feeding or the season of the year to prevent vitamin D deficiency. This article presents modern ways of preventing, diagnosing and treating rickets. ; Рахит – заболевание, которое известно человечеству уже в течение нескольких столетий. Его преодоление как проблемы общественного здравоохранения стало триумфом науки и государственной политики в ХХ в., но в течение нескольких десятилетий рахит резко вернулся в результате культурных, экологических и политических факторов. Витамин D играет фундаментальную роль в регуляции гомеостаза кальция и фосфора и, следовательно, в развитии рахита. Помимо этих классических скелетных воздействий, недавние исследования показали, что витамин D оказывает и другие существенные внеклеточные эффекты, которые могут осложнять течение заболевания и иметь долгосрочные последствия для здоровья детей. У детей адекватный уровень витамина D определяется как концентрация 25(ОН)D более 30 нг/мл, недостаточность – 21–30 нг/мл, дефицит – менее 20 нг/мл. Верхняя граница референтного интервала составляет 100 нмоль/л, поскольку уровни выше могут быть ассоциированы с токсичностью витамина D у детей. Измерение уровня 1,25(ОН)2D в сыворотке крови для оценки статуса витамина D не рекомендуется. Естественные источники витамина D очень ограничены, поэтому применение его в виде добавок к питанию представляет собой основное средство профилактики и лечения рахита. Рекомендуемым препаратом для профилактики и лечения дефицита витамина D является колекальциферол (D3). Всем детям в возрасте от 1 до 6 мес. вне зависимости от вида вскармливания или сезона года с целью профилактики дефицита витамина D рекомендуется колекальциферол в дозе 1000 МЕ/сут. В настоящей статье представлены современные пути профилактики, диагностики и лечения рахита.

This article analyzes the technological approach to the understanding and realisation of innovation. Modern focus on the so-called "effective management" in the government essentially demoralizing Russian officials. Overcoming the crisis of managerialism author sees in the implementation of a coherent and consistent human resources policy based on the humanization of government