Suchergebnisse

Madagascar is regarded as one of the most important areas for biodiversity on Earth, and this biodiversity is found mainly in Madagascar's forests. Rural Malagasy people struggle to meet their daily food needs and often turn to the forest for new agricultural land. Efforts to curb deforestation and conserve threatened and endangered species undertaken by the Malagasy government and by international conservation and development organizations have been shaped by the history of forest management in the country. This paper traces the evolution of forest management in Madagascar from pre-colonial times to the present in an effort to contextualize current efforts to create new protected areas and transfer forest management responsibilities from the central government to local communities. In addition, the history of forest management is critically examined with respect to the assumptions about the role of government and the governed, as well as the dominant narrative that drove policy, providing context for understanding the approach currently underway in Madagascar.

This is the second Plan of Management for the Arltunga Historical Reserve. The first became operational on 7 March 1989 and was notified in the NT Government Gazette No G14 of 12 April 1989. This second Plan states the intent of the Parks and Wildlife Commission with regard to the management and conservation of Arltunga Historical Reserve for the next five to ten years. It sets out what has been achieved to date, establishes management objectives, addresses current issues and proposes appropriate measures to guide future development. ; Summary -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Zoning scheme -- Management of historical resources -- Management of natural resources -- Management for visitor use -- Reserve administration -- Management programs -- Bibliography -- Appendices 1-2 ; This Plan of Management has been prepared by the Southern Office of the Strategic Planning and Development Unit, Parks and Wildlife Commission with extensive input from Eastern District Rangers. P. iv

The authors discuss the history and evolution of management of traumatic wounds to the colon and rectum, summarizing early management parallel with the history of armed conflict followed by the increase in research and management interest by civilian centers in the post-Vietnam era. They explore the strong opinions of the early thought-leaders such as DeBakey and Ogilvie, detailing factors that may have impacted their views. The current literature on optimal management of both colon and rectal trauma is reviewed, including the contentious debate over which patients may benefit from diversion. Current organ injury staging and clinical practice guidelines are also reviewed, as well as lessons learned by the U.S. military in recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Understanding of the evolution of colon and rectal trauma management, as well as the current literature, will help surgeons in their decision-making and management of these challenging injuries.

PurposeThe implicit and indirect influence of classical science on strategic management has been of utmost importance in the development of the discipline. Classical science has underpinned the main and even contrasting strategic management cultures. Classical science has undoubtedly allowed strategic management to thrive. Nevertheless, important limitations, roadblocks and challenges have also been produced. This paper aims to explore the influence of classical science on the main positivist and interpretive strategic management cultures.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual review is done on the influence of classical science on positivist and interpretivist traditions in strategic management.FindingsThe benefits and shortcomings of classical science in strategic management are explored and presented. Furthermore, the convoluted implicit relationship between strategic management and science is shown to be changing but persisting, as to face some of the challenges of the classical science culture of strategic management, a complexity culture, also inspired partially on science, seems to be developing in strategic management. Complexity seems to be emerging as an alternative, which might allow strategic management to solve some of its current dilemmas and, thus, change its implicit relationship with science.Originality/valueThe paper presents a novel way to conceptualize historical cultures of strategic management via their connection with academic cultures that have historically emerged from science. Through the analysis here done, a possible candidate for a Kuhninan normal strategic management and its potential revolution will be suggested, based on the recognition of the inheritance of classical science and currently complexity theory in strategic management.

This paper reviews the history of risk analysis and risk management, giving special emphasis to the neglected period prior to the 20th century. The overall objective of the paper is to: (1) dampen the prevailing tendency to view present‐day concerns about risk in an ahistorical context; (2) shed light on the intellectual antecedents of current thinking about risk; (3) clarify how contemporary ideas about risk analysis and societal risk management differ significantly from the past; and (4) provide a basis for anticipating future directions in risk analysis and management.