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Childbirth was traditionally developed within the family environment which means where the parturient (the pregnant woman) lived her experience, personal and transferable together with her close relatives: mother, girl friends, being attended by a 'professional' - another woman or midwife well considered and recognized as such socially as professionally. In our country, up to the latest period of XX century, midwifes were professionals in charge of attention to women in their reproductive cycle at their own homes, focussing primarily in the pregnancy, childbirth and post-partum periods. Midwifes were very much considered and well regarded women in affective and technical-scientific fields, capable of solving vital, difficult and in some cases dramatic situations with no other means than their own experience, their own skilfulness and knowledge. With new economic developments, in the sixties, in XX century and new health concepts, a fundamental change in childbearing takes place, no more faced or approached domestically, in family environments but in specialized health institutions with all the implied impacts. Important changes equally affecting the mother and her attending personnel occur, now medical doctors and specially trained midwifes would attend her. As a result the traditional ancient midwifes see their roles, functions and autonomy limited. At present, we are facing new ways of 'thinking andregarding' childbearing with new attitudes in professionals who attend them, as well as governments who design new health policies. ; El parto se ha desarrollado tradicionalmente en el ámbito familiar, un medio en el que la parturienta ha vivido su experiencia, personal e intransferible, en compañía de sus familiares más cercanos, madre y amigas, siendo asistida por una profesional, otra mujer, la partera o matrona, conocida y reconocida, tanto social como profesionalmente. En nuestro país, hasta prácticamente el último tercio del pasado siglo XX, las parteras/matronas han sido las profesionales encargadas de ...

El parto se ha desarrollado tradicionalmente en el ámbito familiar, un medio en el que la parturienta ha vivido su experiencia, personal e intransferible, en compañía de sus familiares más cercanos, madre y amigas, siendo asistida por una profesional, otra mujer, la partera o matrona, conocida y reconocida, tanto social como profesionalmente. En nuestro país, hasta prácticamente el último tercio del pasado siglo XX, las parteras/matronas han sido las profesionales encargadas de atender a la mujer durante su ciclo reproductivo en su domicilio, centrándose fundamentalmente en el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Eran, las matronas, mujeres apreciadas y valoradas en el campo afectivo y, en lo técnico-científico, capaces de resolver situaciones vitales comprometidas, en algún caso dramáticas, sin más ayuda que su experiencia, pericia y conocimiento. Con la llegada del desarrollo económico, años sesenta del siglo XX, y las nuevas concepciones en materia de salud, se produce un cambio fundamental en relación al hecho del nacimiento, realizándose éste ya no en el domicilio, en un ambiente familiar, sino en un centro hospitalario especializado, con todo lo que ello conlleva. Se producen profundos cambios que afectan tanto a la madre como al personal que le va a asistir, matronas y médicos, teniendo como consecuencia que la tradicional partera/matrona ve recortado su papel, sus funciones y su autonomía. En los últimos años estamos asistiendo a nuevas formas de "pensar y ver" el parto, con nuevas actitudes por parte de los profesionales que lo atienden y de los gobernantes que diseñan las políticas sanitarias. ; Childbirth was traditionally developed within the family environment which means where the parturient (the pregnant woman) lived her experience, personal and transferable together with her close relatives: mother, girl friends, being attended by a 'professional' - another woman or midwife well considered and recognized as such socially as professionally. In our country, up to the latest period of XX century, midwifes were professionals in charge of attention to women in their reproductive cycle at their own homes, focussing primarily in the pregnancy, childbirth and post-partum periods. Midwifes were very much considered and well regarded women in affective and technical-scientific fields, capable of solving vital, difficult and in some cases dramatic situations with no other means than their own experience, their own skilfulness and knowledge. With new economic developments, in the sixties, in XX century and new health concepts, a fundamental change in childbearing takes place, no more faced or approached domestically, in family environments but in specialized health institutions with all the implied impacts. Important changes equally affecting the mother and her attending personnel occur, now medical doctors and specially trained midwifes would attend her. As a result the traditional ancient midwifes see their roles, functions and autonomy limited. At present, we are facing new ways of 'thinking andregarding' childbearing with new attitudes in professionals who attend them, as well as governments who design new health policies. ; O parto tem-se desenvolvido tradicionalmente no âmbito familiar, um meio no qual a parturiente tem vivido sua experiência pessoal e intransferível, em companhia de seus familiares mais próximos, mãe e amigas, sendo assistida por uma profissional, outra mulher, a parteira ou matrona, conhecida e reconhecida, tanto social quanto profissionalmente. O nosso país, até praticamente o último terço do passado século XX, as parteiras/matronas têm sido as profissionais encarregadas de atender à mulher durante seu ciclo reprodutiva em seu domicílio, centrando-se fundamentalmente na gravidez, parto e puerpério. Eram elas, matronas, mulheres apreciadas e valorizadas no campo afetivo e no técnico-científico, pois capazes de resolver situações vitais e comprometidas, em algum caso, dramáticas, contando apenas com sua própria experiência, perícia e conhecimento. Com a chegada do desenvolvimento econômico, anos sessenta do século XX, e as novas concepções em matéria de saúde, produz-se uma mudança fundamental em relação ao fato do nascimento, realizando-se este já não no domicílio, em um ambiente familiar, senão em um centro hospitalar especializado, com todo o que este comporta. Produzem-se profundas mudanças que afetam tanto a mãe quanto o pessoal que a assistirá, matronas e médicos, tendo como conseqüência que a tradicional parteira / matrona percebe-se limitada em seu papel, suas funções e autonomia. Nestes últimos anos, estamos assistindo a novas formas de "pensar e ver" o parto, com novas atitudes por parte dos profissionais que o atendem e dos governantes que determinam as políticas sanitárias.

On March 2022, a few days after the first strikes of the Russian army on Ukrainian territory began, Time Magazine published a special issue on the topic with the title "The Return of History", subtitled "How Putin Shattered Europe's Dreams". As a backdrop, the cover featured a full-page, almost black and white photograph of a military tank with six soldiers looking straight into the camera. Although the phrase was most likely meant metaphorically and is obviously hyperbolic, the cover did express what seemed to be a widespread sentiment: something important had changed, and (Western) Europe was confronted with a reality it had deemed long gone, or at least, safely restrained. For those of us attentive to discourses around history, however, this cover – as many comments and declarations by analysts, journalists and politicians which followed a similar pattern – tapped into fundamental questions about how events are framed in specific temporal and spatial narratives.

Childbirth was traditionally developed within the family environment which means where the parturient (the pregnant woman) lived her experience, personal and transferable together with her close relatives: mother, girl friends, being attended by a 'professional' - another woman or midwife well considered and recognized as such socially as professionally. In our country, up to the latest period of XX century, midwifes were professionals in charge of attention to women in their reproductive cycle at their own homes, focussing primarily in the pregnancy, childbirth and post-partum periods. Midwifes were very much considered and well regarded women in affective and technical-scientific fields, capable of solving vital, difficult and in some cases dramatic situations with no other means than their own experience, their own skilfulness and knowledge. With new economic developments, in the sixties, in XX century and new health concepts, a fundamental change in childbearing takes place, no more faced or approached domestically, in family environments but in specialized health institutions with all the implied impacts. Important changes equally affecting the mother and her attending personnel occur, now medical doctors and specially trained midwifes would attend her. As a result the traditional ancient midwifes see their roles, functions and autonomy limited. At present, we are facing new ways of 'thinking andregarding' childbearing with new attitudes in professionals who attend them, as well as governments who design new health policies. ; Oparto tem-se desenvolvido tradicionalmente no âmbito familiar, um meio no qual a parturiente tem vivido sua experiência pessoal e intransferível, em companhia de seus familiares mais próximos, mãe e amigas, sendo assistida por uma profissional, outra mulher, a parteira ou matrona, conhecida e reconhecida, tanto social quanto profissionalmente. O nosso país, até praticamente o último terço do passado século XX, as parteiras/matronas têm sido as profissionais encarregadas de atender à mulher durante seu ciclo reprodutiva em seu domicílio, centrando-se fundamentalmente na gravidez, parto e puerpério. Eram elas, matronas, mulheres apreciadas e valorizadas no campo afetivo e no técnico-científico, pois capazes de resolver situações vitais e comprometidas, em algum caso, dramáticas, contando apenas com sua própria experiência, perícia e conhecimento. Com a chegada do desenvolvimento econô- mico, anos sessenta do século XX, e as novas concepções em matéria de saúde, produz-se uma mudança fundamental em relação ao fato do nascimento, realizando-se este já não no domicílio, em um ambiente familiar, senão em um centro hospitalar especializado, com todo o que este comporta. Produzem-se profundas mudanças que afetam tanto a mãe quanto o pessoal que a assistirá, matronas e médicos, tendo como conseqüência que a tradicional parteira / matrona percebe-se limitada em seu papel, suas funções e autonomia. Nestes últimos anos, estamos assistindo a novas formas de "pensar e ver" o parto, com novas atitudes por parte dos profissionais que o atendem e dos governantes que determinam as políticas sanitárias. ; El parto se ha desarrollado tradicionalmente en el ámbito familiar, un medio en el que la parturienta ha vivido su experiencia, personal e intransferible, en compañía de sus familiares más cercanos, madre y amigas, siendo asistida por una profesional, otra mujer, la partera o matrona, conocida y reconocida, tanto social como profesionalmente. En nuestro país, hasta prácticamente el último tercio del pasado siglo XX, las parteras/matronas han sido las profesionales encargadas de atender a la mujer durante su ciclo reproductivo en su domicilio, centrándose fundamentalmente en el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Eran, las matronas, mujeres apreciadas y valoradas en el campo afectivo y, en lo técnico-científico, capaces de resolver situaciones vitales comprometidas, en algún caso dramáticas, sin más ayuda que su experiencia, pericia y conocimiento. Con la llegada del desarrollo económico, años sesenta del siglo XX, y las nuevas concepciones en materia de salud, se produce un cambio fundamental en relación al hecho del nacimiento, realizándose éste ya no en el domicilio, en un ambiente familiar, sino en un centro hospitalario especializado, con todo lo que ello conlleva. Se producen profundos cambios que afectan tanto a la madre como al personal que le va a asistir, matronas y médicos, teniendo como consecuencia que la tradicional partera/matrona ve recortado su papel, sus funciones y su autonomía. En los últimos años estamos asistiendo a nuevas formas de "pensar y ver" el parto, con nuevas actitudes por parte de los profesionales que lo atienden y de los gobernantes que diseñan las polí- ticas sanitarias.

General social measures for the prevention of crimes against the environment, which include general processes of economic development, science, technology, which create the possibility and increase the effectiveness of special criminological measures and, in contrast, do not directly affect but indirectly the criminogenic environment, eliminating or neutralizing the common, most significant and common causes of behavior criminal in the field of ecology. The article analyzes Ukraine's experience in the field of preventing crimes against the environment. It also analyzes the measures taken in the country aimed at the prevention of environmental crimes. A documentary methodology close to content analysis was used. It is concluded that liability for environmental crimes is an important component of the legal provision of environmental management, the restoration of ecological objects and the protection of the environment. Legislation on criminal liability for violation of the right to use a natural object was developed within the framework of the general legal rules on liability for violation of environmental legislation.

In the framework of an archaeological project at two important Inca sites in Chile (Ruinas de Chada and Pucara de Chena), the meaning of heritage to local communities is addressed. Heritage is considered from a political logic, defined by tensions concern

Editorial ; Aguilera, Oscar ; Presentación ; Velázquez, Nelly; Romero, Liccia ; La importancia de los cultivos andinos. ; The importance of andean crops. ; Jacobsen, Sven Erik; Mujica, Ángel; Ortiz, Rene ; Colombia: Ambiente, pobreza, violencia. ; Colombia: Environment, poverty and violence. ; Márquez, Germán ; Ambiente, sociedad e historia en los valles altos andinos de Venezuela (1930-1999). ; Environment, society and history in the high valleys of the Venezuelan andes (1930-1999). ; Velázquez, Nelly ; Hacia una nueva racionalidad socioambiental en los Andes paperos de Mérida ¿De qué depende?. ; Towards a new socio-environmental rationality in the potato-producing areas of the Andes in Mérida. What does it depend on?. ; Romero, Liccia ; Modernidad, medio ambiente y equidad. Una propuesta para su estudio en los valles altos de los Andes Venezolanos. ; Modernity, environment and equity: A proposal for study in the high-mountain valleys of the Venezuelan. ; Peñalver, Luz ; Factibilidad de caza de subsistencia, comercial y deportiva en el Chaco semiárido de la provincia de Salta, Argentina. ; Viability of commercial and sporting subsistence hunting in the semiarid Chaco-Salta province, Argentina. ; Barbarán, Francisco Ramón ; Globalización y agricultura: ¿Nuevos tiempos para América Latina?. ; Globalization and agriculture: Better times for Latin America? ; González, Gustavo ; Legislación de aguas en Bolivia. Encontrando bases comunes. ; Water legislation in Bolivia. In search of a common basis. ; Alurralde Tejada, Juan Carlos; Salón, Pablo; Orellana, Rene ; "Del frailejón a la papa. entre la conservación y la agricultura" Maximina Monasterio. ; Una apuesta permanente por el reencuentro entre ecología y sociedad en el escenario de los páramos andinos. ; Entrevista: Lic. Nellyana Salas ; Reseñas ; 38-54 ; nellymvr@cantv.net ; trimestral ; Nivel analítico

Dentro de la presente editorial hacemos referencia
a las diferentes líneas de investigación que como
grupo de investigación tiene Kavilando, dentro
de las cuales se pueden resaltar las siguientes:
• Territorio y despojo
• Conflicto social y paz
• Formación popular
• Historia de las Organizaciones Sociales de Base
Este grupo clasificado actualmente en "D" en
Colciencias, se ha puesto como meta impactar
dentro de la sociedad colombiana con propuestas
y criticas constructivas en pro del mejoramiento de la política, la sociología, la antropología, la
economía y las ciencias sociales en general. En
este apartado se presentaran los fines primordiales de la línea de investigación Historia de las Organizaciones Sociales de Base, y de cuyo trabajo
se presentara más adelante un texto producido
dentro de la presente línea y referente al proyecto
de la guerra como constructor de movimientos
sociales. Dicho grupo es liderado por los investigadores José Fernando Valencia Grajales y Mayda Soraya Marín Galeano.

AIP3 (Integrating Application for Production Planning and Scheduling) is a project funded by the Valencian Institute for Business Competitiveness (IVACE) and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The goal of the present project is the development of a set of functionalities to achieve an advanced and more integrated management of the production planning and scheduling, with the objective that companies, more specifically SMEs, could integrate these processes easily in their supply chain. The provided functionalities enable dealing with the great complexity of the productive processes and the huge amount of data to be collected, as well as overcoming the difficulty of integrating with existing systems. This deliverable is part of the PT5 work package, which aims to develop a production programming algorithm and an agile and comfortable working environment that surrounds it, so that the user can modify the programming proposal that makes it the algorithm to adapt it to the needs of your productive environment. ; AIP3. Project funded by the Valencian Institute of Business Competitiveness (IVACE) and European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), within the public grant program adressed to Technological Institutes of the Valencian Community for the development of non-economic R & D projects carried out in cooperation with companies during 2017 with 195.524,28€. File number: IMDEEA/2017/88

The present article traces an absence of historical sense and its implications in modernity through the diagnosis proposed by Marx, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and other philosophers. I start with Marx's critique on the lack of historical sense of the bourgeois political economy and Nietzsche's concept of "Egypticism" as the idiosyncrasy in philosophy of giving more value to permanence that to change. Then, I use the image of the clock to explore the relation between time and the loss of historical sense in modernity under the light of 20th-century thinkers. Afterwards, I propose a possible origin if the lack of historical sense in modernity through the paradoxical relation between being and time in Aristotle. Finally I offer another interpretation of time, from the perspective of the instant, in Dogen to show how this "history of the instant" can transform the "history of the present" we have traced throughout the paper. In my conclusions, I point out some philosophical and political alternatives of the history of the instant. ; El presente artículo rastrea una falta de sentido histórico y sus implicaciones en la tradición moderna a través de los diagnósticos de Marx, Nietzsche y Heidegger, entre otros. Parto de la crítica de Marx a la falta de sentido histórico en la economía política burguesa y el concepto nietzscheano de "egipticismo" como la idiosincrasia filosófica de valorar lo permanente por encima de lo que deviene. Después, utilizo la imagen del reloj para explorar la relación entre el tiempo y la pérdida de sentido histórico en la modernidad a la luz de pensadores del siglo xx. Posteriormente propongo una posible fuente de dicha falta de sentido histórico en la paradójica relación entre ser y tiempo en Aristóteles. Finalmente, aventuro otra interpretación del tiempo desde la perspectiva del instante en Dogen para mostrar cómo esta "historia del instante" puede transformar la "historia del presente" que hemos rastreado a través del artículo. En mis conclusiones incluyo algunas alternativas filosóficas y políticas de la historia del instante.