Suchergebnisse

The constantly changing economic and social environment is of paramount importance to the environment of labour law regulation today given that the socio-economic definition of labour law can be considered on the basis of the current idea thereof. Adaptation to the changing environment requires that labour law regulations also adapt properly to the changes. As a result, we may encounter a number of new employment relationships today, which will generate additional problems to be resolved with regard to labour law.

On 20 November 2018, the Hungarian Museum Association of Transylvania and Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania organized a round table discussion on the legal history of Transylvania. The event took place as part of a series of events on the Hungarian Science Day in Transylvania, at the Sapientia building on Calea Turzii Cluj-Napoca. The participants were Dr Gyula Fábián (minority law), Dr Zsolt Fegyveresi (constitutional history), Dr László Nánási (history of criminal law), Dr Zsolt Kokoly (history of legal education), Dr János Székely (history of civil procedure law), and Dr Emőd Veress (history of civil law). The event was moderated by Előd Pál. The participants presented their research studies related to the legal history of Transylvania and explored the legal and social situations of the past hundred years.

The study analyses the post-socialist codes of private law. It evaluates them in the history of codification, presents their social background and contrasts the monistic and dualistic approach of codification.

In the work De Europa by Enea Silvio Piccolomini, book no 20, regarding the history of Carinthia, stands recorded the story of prince Ingo, who, according to the legend, contributed significantly by way of his wit to the spreading of Christianity. This study presents the circumstances in which the Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum, which contains an earlier record of the legend, came into being, and it examines the possible existence in historical reality of prince Ingo and his princely title. In the following, the author analyses the possible meaning and the significance to legal history of the term carta sine litteris (a charter without letters), which appears in other sources of the legend but not in the one recounted by Enea Silvio Piccolomini. Finally, the author presents the literary precursors to the legend of prince Ingo and his role in the Conversio as well as the path the legend took until being recorded by Enea Silvio.

The fundamental value of labour law at all times is that it provides security in the economic sense and thus creates predictability: on the one hand, with rules protecting the worker and, on the other hand, by building a social network on the part of the state in case the worker is unable to work. In addition, it is crucial that labour law regulations can properly adapt to the economic and social changes of the 21st century, to the emergence of new trends. The development of robotics and artificial intelligence will undoubtedly have an impact on the dynamic and static elements of the work environment, the labour market, and the labour relationship, thus generating new challenges.

One of the key elements of Hungarian public thinking is the question of nationalities and its historical aspects. For well-known historical facts, the questions and answers of national minorities still have constitutional significance. The examination of the Act XLIV of 1868 on the Equality of Nationalities, including its antecedents, has not only importance from the point of view of legal history, but it is also essential for the cultivation of the current constitutional law, and, consequently, also strongly contributes to the understanding of today's legal institutions. The essay describes the process of drafting this legislation.

Pursuant to the First World War, Romania's territory increased, and thus it inherited a complex social, economic, and legal environment different from that of the predecessor states. The Romanian state's response to these challenges is to be found in the political goal of building a homogeneous nation-state. This political agenda has had an impact on all areas of law, not only on legislation but also on the application of the law. The use of essentially ethnically neutral legal instruments of criminal law for state policy purposes can also be seen as an element of exclusionary nationality policy. The Romanian state's actions have thus not only failed to resolve existing internal tensions but have also made the relations between the majority and minorities, as well as the possibility of consolidation impossible for the past century.

"The history of the development of the employment of prisoners has come a very long way, from hard labour to resocialization. Today the rights of prisoners are respected in their work, but these rights are sometimes different from the normal labour rights.
In this study, I review the most relevant difference between the prisoners' labour rights and the ordinary labour rights. Beyond that, I examine if the intentions formulated in 2015 − full employment and self-sustaining prisons in Hungary − have been achieved or not. In my study, I present some criminal statistics of the employment rates in Hungarian prisons."

The role of duels changed a lot throughout history. Based upon observations, most duels resulted from personal grievances. Duels were present even in the mid-20th century in Hungary. In the 20th century, duels were one of the greatest dilemmas of justice. The public opinion accepted duels, but the legal profession condemned them, mainly because of the possible negative consequences. In my study, I will present most of the legal provisions for duels both in Hungary and in Europe, the ethical Code of duels, and the most important lawyers, opinions on duels. Finally, I will explain the main reasons that had led to the decline of duelling.