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In his History of Greece, George Grote celebrates the Athenian democracy and considers it an exemplary political regime. Grote despises oligarchy and believes that Athenian popular sovereignty has put an end to factional struggles. In particular, the reform of the courts ensured respect for the law and prevented the strongest and richest from taking power. However, the popular dikasteries were also an effective system for controlling and governing the subjects of the maritime empire. Grote compares the Athenian rule with the British Empire: both are governments of dependencies, in which the subdued states freely manage their internal affairs, but depend on the dominant state in foreign policy. The disputes between Athens and its allies were discussed in the Athenian courts where, according to Grote, the Greeks found fairness and tolerance, and were thus rewarded for the loss of their autonomy. ; Nella History of Greece George Grote celebra la democrazia ateniese e la considera un regime politico esemplare. Grote disprezza l'oligarchia e ritiene che la sovranità popolare ateniese abbia posto fine alle lotte di fazione. In particolare, la riforma periclea dei tribunali garantì il rispetto della legge e impedì ai più forti e ai più ricchi di prendere il potere. Tuttavia, i tribunali popolari furono anche un efficace sistema per controllare e governare i sudditi dell'impero marittimo. Grote paragona il dominio ateniese all'impero britannico: entrambi sono governments of dependencies, in cui gli stati sudditi gestiscono liberamente i loro affari interni, ma dipendono dallo stato dominante nella política estera. Le controversie fra Atene e i suoi alleati erano discusse nei tribunali ateniesi nei quali, secondo Grote, i greci del tempo trovarono giustizia e clemenza, e furono così ricompensati per la perdita della loro autonomia.

In an increasingly interconnected reality, the areas of research look - necessarily - at a remodelling of the IT architectures of archival portals, with the aim of an interdisciplinary vision capable of connecting the Present with the Past, in order to identify historical narratives and patterns able to enrich the epidemiological pictures, explain the modern pandemics, to be able to modify and record policies suitable to contain and face those of contemporaneity. A reformulation that is based on the application, in historical research, of tools that can reformulate the concept of digitized source, in order to derive, from it, all the information that scholars refer to. Today, information technologies, such as Data mining and the application of HTR (Handwriting Text Recognition) systems - such as the Transkribus platform - would allow us to increase and implement the information available, pushing historians towards research areas and sectors that are still unexplored. ; In una realtà sempre più interconnessa, gli ambiti della ricerca dovrebbero guardare – necessariamente – ad una rimodulazione delle architetture informatiche dei portali archivistici, con la finalità di una visione interdisciplinare in grado di connettere il Presente col Passato, allo scopo d'individuare narrazioni storiche e patterns in grado di arricchire i quadri epidemiologici, spiegare le pandemie della modernità, per poter correggere e sviluppare politiche adeguate a contenere e fronteggiare quelle della contemporaneità. Una riformulazione che si fondi sull'applicazione, nella ricerca storica, di strumenti che possano riformulare il concetto di fonte digitalizzata, allo scopo di ricavare, da essa, tutte quelle informazioni di cui necessitano gli studiosi. Oggi, le tecnologie informatiche, quali il Data mining e l'applicazione dei sistemi HTR (Handwritten Text Recognition) – come la piattaforma Transkribus –, consentirebbero di incrementare e implementare le informazioni disponibili, spingendo gli storici verso ambiti di ricerca e settori ancora inesplorati.

"The spatiotemporal conjunction is a fundamental aspect of the juridical reflection on the historicity of law. Despite the fact that it seems to represent an issue directly connected with the question of where legal history is heading today, it still has not been the object of a focused inquiry. Against this background, the book's proposal consists in rethinking key confluences related to this problem in order to provide coordinates for a collective understanding and dialogue.
The aim of this volume, however, is not to offer abstract methodological considerations, but rather to rely both on concrete studies, out of which a reflection on this conjunction emerges, as well as on the reconstruction of certain research lines featuring a spatiotemporal component.
This analytical approach makes a contribution by providing some suggestions for the employment of space and time as coordinates for legal history. Indeed, contrary to those historiographical attitudes reflecting a monistic conception of space and time (as well as a Eurocentric approach), the book emphasises the need for a delocalized global perspective. In general terms, the essays collected in this book intend to take into account the multiplicity of the spatiotemporal confines, the flexibility of those instruments that serve to create chronologies and scenarios, as well as certain processes of adaptation of law to different times and into different spaces.
The spatiotemporal dynamism enables historians not only to detect new perspectives and dimensions in foregone themes, but also to achieve new and compelling interpretations of legal history. As far as the relationship between space and law is concerned, the book analyses experiences in which space operates as a determining factor of law, e.g. in terms of a field of action for law. Moreover, it outlines the attempted scales of spatiality in order to develop legal historical research. With reference to the connection between time and law, the volume sketches the possibility of considering the factor of time, not just as a descriptive tool, but as an ascriptive moment (quasi an inner feature) of a legal problem, thus making it possible to appreciate the synchronic aspects of the 'juridical experience'.
As a whole, the volume aims to present spatiotemporality as a challenge for legal history. Indeed, reassessing the value of the spatiotemporal coordinates for legal history implies thinking through both the thematic and methodological boundaries of the discipline."

The contribution aims to serve as a toolkit to provide a sort of 'how to' guide on some aspects that public historians need to take into account when planning public history activities, from sources to content dissemination. Two short sections are therefore proposed, which schematically refer to the main stages of the public historian's work on two levels: 'research' and 'representation'.

The introduction of civic education in the scholastic curriculum has offered to schools new opportunities for coping with the study of Resistance movement and other events occurred in contemporary history. Through some relevant didactic unit, the paper aims at giving to teachers some pratical examples, using the methodology of the Public History of Education.