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Latest issue consulted: No. 57 (winter 2003). ; Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This article approaches Finnish documentary films as part of current history culture and 'sense of history'. Through three examples of Finnish documentary films, it examines the relationship between history documentaries and academic history with reference to the modes of documentary filmmaking and to history theories. In analysing the films, the 'orientation' of the films as well as their 'organization' is of interest. The article is particularly interested in national history representations and media memory. It emphasizes the production context of the films. The article suggests that in order to understand history documentaries as a part of history culture means taking into consideration the particular history culture in question, the documentary tradition of a country, and, first of all, the production context of a documentary. ; This article approaches Finnish documentary films as part of current history culture and 'sense of history'. Through three examples of Finnish documentary films, it examines the relationship between history documentaries and academic history with reference to the modes of documentary filmmaking and to history theories. In analysing the films, the 'orientation' of the films as well as their 'organization' is of interest. The article is particularly interested in national history representations and media memory. It emphasizes the production context of the films. The article suggests that in order to understand history documentaries as a part of history culture means taking into consideration the particular history culture in question, the documentary tradition of a country, and, first of all, the production context of a documentary. ; Peer reviewed

This article was published in the serial, European Journal of Communication [Sage Publications / © The Authors]. The definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323114555825 ; One of the possible ways of approaching audience history is by focusing on the history of ideas about audiences. This article examines the benefits and shortcomings of such an approach and develops a set of methodological propositions, drawing on the principles and methods of the German tradition of Begriffsgeschichte (history of concepts). To demonstrate the usefulness of these propositions, the article briefly examines the ideas about audiences in socialist Yugoslavia, focusing on the surge of ideas about politically engaged audiences in the late 1960s. The concluding part of the article situates this historical episode in the wider geographical context and outlines possible avenues for a broader, transnational investigation of the history of ideas about audiences.

One of the greatest Romantic historians and immensely popular during his lifetime, Jules Michelet (1798-1874) fell into disfavour among the positivist historians who came after him and who regarded his work with disdain as "literature." In the 1920s and 30s, however, he began to be rediscovered and rehabilitated by the members of the influential Annales school. The objects of Michelet's interest—living conditions, popular mentalities, laws and the arts, the historian's relation to the objects of his study, no less than political history—have since come to occupy a central place in modern historical research.

"Since the end of human action, as distinct end products of fabrication, can never be reliably predicted, the means used to achieve political goals are more often than not of greater relevance to the future world than the intended goals". – Hannah Arendt "Between the experience of living a normal life at this moment on the planet and the public narratives being offered to give a sense to that life, the empty space, the gap, is enormous". - John Berger 'Bo' Gritz turned 80 this year. The great majority of those serving under him have not. Lt. Col. James Gordon 'Bo' Gritz - "the American Soldier" for the Commander-in-Chief of the Vietnam War – is one of the most decorated combatants in US history. Gritz was at the heart of American military and foreign policy – both overt and covert - from the Bay of Pigs to Afghanistan. He was financed by Clint Eastwood and William Shatner (via Paramount Pictures) in exchange for the rights to tell his story Their funding supported his 'deniable' missions searching for American POWs in Vietnam. He has exposed US government drug running, turning against the Washington elite as a result. He has stood for President, created a homeland community in the Idaho backlands and trained Americans in strategies of counter-insurgency against the incursions of their own government. He claims to remember every single one of the 400 people he killed. The media turned him into the inspiration behind Rambo, The A-Team's Colonel John 'Hannibal' Smith and Coppola's Kurtz in Apocalypse Now. What does it mean to make a life like this? 6500 word essay

Women's History has achieved visible presence in the academy and an influence to European Women's Studies. Early feminist scholarship was directly connected with politics. Thirty years later we have to recognize an unbridged gap between social movements and sophisticated scholarship. The article deals with questions resulting from the distance between a master (academy) and a mistress (women's movement). Women's History as a field of historical analysis is more than Contribution History. lt stresses the discussion of methodological and analytical tools. The main points have been gender as a useful category to study the system of gender relations (Joan W. Scott) and a conceptual framework for dealing with differences among women (Gerda Lerner). ; Women's History has achieved visible presence in the academy and an influence to European Women's Studies. Early feminist scholarship was directly connected with politics. Thirty years later we have to recognize an unbridged gap between social movements and sophisticated scholarship. The article deals with questions resulting from the distance between a master (academy) and a mistress (women's movement). Women's History as a field of historical analysis is more than Contribution History. lt stresses the discussion of methodological and analytical tools. The main points have been gender as a useful category to study the system of gender relations (Joan W. Scott) and a conceptual framework for dealing with differences among women (Gerda Lerner).