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In this entertaining account of "The Goods and Their Castle—Part of the Mystery Unraveled," a historian takes the time to challenge a newspaper feature story based on "local legend" in order to point a moral.

Hokum!, the first book to take a comprehensive view of short-subject slapstick comedy in the early sound era, challenges the received wisdom that sound destroyed the slapstick tradition. Author Rob King explores the slapstick short's Depression-era development against a backdrop of changes in film industry practice, comedic tastes, and moviegoing culture. Each chapter is grounded in case studies of comedians and comic teams, including the Three Stooges, Laurel and Hardy, and Robert Benchley. The book also examines how the past legacy of silent-era slapstick was subsequently reimagined as part of a nostalgic mythology of Hollywood's youth.

Hokum!, the first book to take a comprehensive view of short-subject slapstick comedy in the early sound era, challenges the received wisdom that sound destroyed the slapstick tradition. Author Rob King explores the slapstick short's Depression-era development against a backdrop of changes in film industry practice, comedic tastes, and moviegoing culture. Each chapter is grounded in case studies of comedians and comic teams, including the Three Stooges, Laurel and Hardy, and Robert Benchley. The book also examines how the past legacy of silent-era slapstick was subsequently reimagined as part of a nostalgic mythology of Hollywood's youth. "A valuable contribution to historiography in its ability to fill a hole in contemporary film history, increasing our understanding of both the (perceived) narrowed place of the comedy film short in the 1930s and the production and reception of slapstick comedy during that era." -KATHRYN FULLER-SEELEY, Professor of Radio-Television-Film, University of Texas at Austin "With solid research, jewel-like prose, and plenty of wry humor, Rob King convincingly busts the myths and chases away the nostalgia for silent film comedy. Instead, we leave with a lasting sense of the form's persistent cultural relevance." -DONALD CRAFTON, author of Shadow of a Mouse "Hokum! moves deftly through questions of performance, aesthetics, technology, political economy, trade practices, and popular reception to convincingly unseat deeply entrenched understandings of the transition to sound and its impact on the history of screen comedy. This book is some of the smartest film history being written today." -MARK LYNN ANDERSON, author of Twilight of the Idols ROB KING is Associate Professor at Columbia University's School of the Arts and author of the award-winning The Fun Factory: The Keystone Film Company and the Emergence of Mass Culture.

The Legal policy of state recognition to the indigenous people during Guided Democracy period, New Order period ( Orde Baru ), until reformation period, carried out carefully by giving four terms as regulated in UUPA, UUD NRJ 1945 and The Act of Fore sty and Plantation Act. So that, the character of the product of the Jaw is not still responsive, because they have not base on to Pancasila ( as a fundamental norm) dan they have not accomodate the aspirations of indigenous peopleand also the International Law instrument. The legal policy of state recognitions to indigenous people in the future need to accomadate indigeneous people's aspirations, International Law instrument which it regulated the indigineous people, and state interest, which it still refferring to Pancasila as 9Jiding principle.

Some radical changes have been occurring currently in our country. These changes were made either institutionally, or culturally that required people participation to make them implemented on the right way. When they are not managed appropriately, mainly by the apparatus and government officiers, there will be a disaster for our national furure and will make suffer the incoming generation.

The background of this paper is the recognition of The Customary Rights of land (Hak Ulayat) in Article 3 of Law no. 5 of 1960 on The Basic Regulations of Agrarian Principles (UUPA). The purpose of this paper is to know the legal certainty of communal rights based on Ministerial Regulation ATR/Head of BPNRI No. 10 Year 2016, with a view of the land law of Indonesia. The conclusion of this paper is that there is no legal certainty for indigenous and tribal peoples within certain areas, ie in forest areas or plantations that will propose communal rights to the land. Ministerial Regulation ATR/Head of BPNRI No. 10 Year 2016, has no legal umbrella, due to communal rights to land regulated by Ministerial Regulation ATR/Head of BPNRI No. 10 Year 2016, is not in accordance with Article 16 paragraph (1) letter h of The Basic Regulations of Agrarian Principles (UUPA), where The Basic Regulations of Agrarian Principles (UUPA) as the legal basis of Ministerial Regulation ATR/Head of BPNRI No. 10 Year 2016. In addition, the implementation of registration of communal land rights is also not in accordance with Article 9 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation no. 24/1997. Ministerial Regulation ATR/Head of BPNRI No. 10 Year 2016, which does not have a legal umbrella, of course, contradicts Hans Kelsen's theory of the level of legal norms (stufentheorie) and Adolf Merkl's Theory of legal norms always have two faces (das Doppelte Rechstanilitz) ; Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pengakuan hak ulayat dalam Pasal 3 Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah mengetahui kepastian hukum hak komunal berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri ATR/Kepala BPNRI No. 10 Tahun 2016 yang ditinjau dari hukum pertanahan Indonesia. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini adalah bahwa tidak terdapat kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat hukum adat dan masyarakat yang berada dalam kawasan tertentu yaitu kawasan hutan atau perkebunan yang akan mengajukan hak komunal atas tanah. PMATR/KBPN No. 10/2016 tidak memiliki tempat bergantung, dikarenakan hak komunal atas tanah yang diatur oleh PMATR/KBPN No. 10/2016 tidak sesuai dengan Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf h UUPA, dimana UUPA sebagai dasar hukum ditetapkannya PMATR/KBPN No. 10/2016, selain itu pelaksanaan pendaftaran hak komunal atas tanah juga tidak sesuai dengan Pasal 9 ayat (1) PP No. 24/1997. Tidak adanya tempat bergantung PMATR/KBPN No. 10/2016 sebagaimana teori Hans Kelsen mengenai jenjang norma hukum (stufentheorie) dan Teori Adolf Merkl mengenai norma hukum selalu mempunyai dua wajah (das Doppelte Rechstanilitz).

Introduction: Outright hokum -- Amar: straight shooter -- Akbar: parda and parody -- Anthony: Amar Akbar irony -- Maa!-- Conclusion: excuse me, please