Why Did Armey Apologize? Hegemony, Homophobia, and the Religious Right
Uses Dick Armey's 1995 apology for referring to Democratic Representative Barney Frank as "Barney Fag" to explore the symbolic aspects of right-wing discourses that flow from the Religious Right, neoconservatism, & the new racism. The increasing sophistication of all three discourses is emphasized, noting how the American Right has redefined "freedom," "equality," & "democracy" in an exclusionary manner that condemns the "special rights" advocated by proponents of civil rights, black power, welfare rights, feminist, & sexual liberation movements. Attention is called to the contradictory nature of the Religious Right's attitude toward gays/lesbians as evidenced by their simultaneous disavowal of homophobia while pursuing homophobic tactics. Ways in which the Religious Right, neoconservatives, & new racists defend traditional class, race, gender, & sexual inequalities while pretending to advance liberal democratic rights/freedoms are explored. It is argued that Armey's slip of the tongue, & his subsequent apology, must be examined in the broader context of the contemporary Right's efforts to bring Republican extremism into the mainstream by redefining the meaning of the democratic tradition. J. Lindroth