Suchergebnisse

Homophobia among certain men could be understood as a reactionary form of social resilience, insofar as such resilience can work against adaptation and social transformation. Resilience is again closely related to the concept of ' sus- tainability ' . Many fans position the expression of negativity towards gays as a heroic struggle against ' political correctness ' and in defence of freedom of thought and speech. But it should also be seen as a strategic action to manipulate the feelings of opponents in order to win. In a time of global hyper commodi fi - cation, the paramount goal of winning stimulates strategic actions that contribute to shaping norms and values. ; This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Krøvel, R. (2015). Fighting strategic homophobia in football. Soccer & Society, 1-15. [copyright Taylor & Francis], available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/14660970.2015.1100437

For students in a Politics and Sex course, Pharr's very personal book engages students in critical analysis of their own lives and of their society.

Treball final de Màster Universitari en Estudis internacionals de Pau, Conflictes i Desenvolupament. Codi: SBG120. Curs acadèmic 2014-2015 ; This project facilitates a study on homosexuality and homophobia, Researched from an inter-disciplinary approach. The analysis on the origins of homosexuality and the root causes of homophobia are discussed by analyzing biological, genetic, social, economic, political influences that are either causes for homosexuality or root causes for homophobia. This project includes personal opinions as well as statistics, however the main aim is to provide an unbiased and objective approach, therefore mostly scholar's research work and statistics are used to support my claims. The practical part of the project is supported by the theoretical frame work, the practical aim of this project is to eliminate homophobia, by creating not only, tolerance, and acceptance, but most importantly understanding of the topic, root causes and effects on the LGBT community. The project could then be implemented in schools, or community settings in which the environment most of the time is already friendly, through relationships by family, friends, and (co)-workers.

Success in addressing HIV and AIDS among men who have sex with men, a key population in the global epidemic, is impeded by homophobia. Homophobia as a barrier to HIV prevention and AIDS treatment is a particularly acute problem in the prison setting. In this qualitative study, we explore HIV and AIDS, stigma, and homosexuality in the largest all male prison in Jamaica by conducting iterative in-depth interviews with 25 inmates. Participant narratives unveil a purposeful manipulation of beliefs related to homosexuality that impedes an effective response to HIV and AIDS both in prison and wider society. Findings indicate that homophobia is both a social construction and a tangible tool used to leverage power and a sense of solidarity in a larger political and economic landscape. This use of homophobia may not be unique to Jamaica, and is an important issue to address in other low and middle income post-colonialist societies.

This chapter documents the lecosecambiano@roma project, a collaborative initiative among researchers, political leaders, celebrities, and representatives of LGBTQI associations in Italy to study and combat homophobic bullying in Roman secondary schools. The chapter describes the project and presents results from a study of the interventions in schools. The authors describe interactions with students, the public's reactions, and the obstacles encountered in implementing this program across schools in Rome. The chapter also includes a discussion of key lessons from this project and plans for future strategies to create safe and supportive schools for LGBT and all students. Through a description of the lecosecambiano@roma project, the authors illuminate what homophobic bullying means in Italy, what obstacles may arise from planning anti-homophobic bullying projects, and why combating homophobic bullying is of paramount importance in the Italian context

INTRODUCTION: With the word homophobia or homonegativity we mean the disease, the devaluation and the hostility for the homosexuals men or women. The researches say high levels of homophobia are correlated with the belief that homosexuality is against nature (Frost, 2010; Lingiardi, 2007). This thought may induce people to act with aggressively against LG population. METHOD: The aims of our research are: first contribute to the validation of the homophobia scales and second to compare the level of homophobia in a sample of university students. Participants: Our sample was of 300 students (M = 22.82, SD = 2.83; min = 19, max = 42, Measures: An Identifying Information Form was used to collect demographic information and the Italian scale, SIMO-G and SIMO-L (Lingiardi, 2005; Lingiardi et al. in press), to evaluate the level of homophobia. CONCLUSIONS: The results show an association between religion education, politics and level of social homophobia.

Spain has seen in recent years a legislative progress regarding the defence of gender equalities. Schools have the obligation to educate their students with a critical view of androcentric society that exists in the country. At the legal level, heterosexuality and homosexuality are sexual orientations in Spain that have reached full equality. However, this sexual diversity, which both laws and most of Spanish society assume with no problems, doesn't find a parallel development in the Spanish educational system. This study aims to understand the perceptions of youth regarding homophobia and heterosexism in Physical Education classes. The research was carried out with the participation of 245 students from the Faculty of Educational Sciences at the University of Seville. The participants responded to a questionnaire concerning heterosexist and homophobic behaviours perceived during their secondary education. The results show the generalization of heterosexist behaviours, as well as the high percentage of students who have witnessed or experienced firsthand homophobic behaviours. Furthermore, we see a lack of awareness in that sense among Physical Education teachers. Consequently, we highlight the need to educate and to sensitize the Physical Education teacher providing them with appropriate intervention strategies, and fostering the knowledge about heterosexism and homophobia in the field of Physical Education.

Homophobia, a phenomenon firmly rooted in intolerance, refers to negative attitudes towards homosexual individuals. Being a social and cultural phenomenon, the media can act as a tool to highlight changes in attitudes to LGBTQI reality. The aim of this paper is to analyse representations of homophobia by comparing articles published in two Italian daily newspapers: " La Repubblica " and " L'Unità ". The articles published in 2002 and 2012 were chosen in order to investigate the differences and determine whether there have been changes in the portrayal of this phenomenon in the media. Attention focused on the thematic section and the publishing format, the gender of the journalist and the font style used by the author to describe events. In 2002 16 articles appeared in " La Repubblica " , while the figure jumped to 246 in 2012, an increase of more than 900%. Between 2002 and 2012 there was a 31% increase in local articles. " L'Unità " featured 17 articles in 2002, as compared to 95 in 2012, a rise of over 400%. The interval between the two years selected saw the number of national articles decrease by 12%. Overall however, the remarkable increase in the total number of articles emphasises the impact on public opinion, and the larger amount of space dedicated to this issue probably indicates a greater degree of open-mindedness in the political and legislative fields.

British colonial involvement in Uganda, and continued western political and economic influence over the affairs of the global south, warrants critical examination if proper context of the Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Bill is to be understood. In response to the question, how did colonial legacy contribute to state led gendered violence against sexual minorities in Uganda? I advance the argument that authoritarianism and surveillance are both constitutive of colonial and imperial identity and practice, and that the violent attitudes towards gendered and sexual minorities in Uganda are a colonial inheritance. Using critical historiography, I argue that gendered violence, and homophobic attitudes in Uganda cannot be divorced from the seams of Western patriarchy and masculinisms cultivated through the export of legal and religious values. By arguing that surveillance historically was and continues to be a tool for imperial authority to superimpose itself upon formerly colonized territories, I hope to contribute to scholarship in surveillance studies that underscores the utility of history to critiques of the present day divide between western nations and third world former colonial territories.

Sport sociology has been intricately tied with the study of masculinities since the early 1990s in the West. The field was first established in exa mining white male athlete's masculinity, particularly noting its root in homophobia in the f orging of a hegemonic form of masculinity. However, contemporary masculinity scholarship shows a changed relationship between men's masculinity and hegemonic dominance. Current research examines men's masculinities in an era of decreased homohysteria, finding teamsport athletes inclusive of homosexuality. This simultaneously permits heterose xual men to live within greatly expanded gender terrains. The challenge for sport s ociologist concerned with masculinities today, is to expand the locus of investigation to t he intersectional demographics of varying races, geographical locations, religious beliefs, a ge and other important demographics.

The United States is well-known for its acceptance of homosexuality. Nevertheless, homophobia remains a threat that endangers gay communities in the United States. Homophobia is an intriguing phenomenon for American filmmakers. Through gay-themed movies, those filmmakers intend to raise the awareness that homophobia is elusive to eradicate. This study scrutinizes the representations of homophobia in the United States as seen in gay-themed American movies. The study carries out Postnationalist America Studies as the paradigm of the study which encompasses the discussions of numerous phenomena in the United States. Also, the study applies theory of representation by Stuart Hall probing the representations of homophobia in gay-themed American movies of 1990s-2010s. The study uses nine gay-themed American movies of 1990s-2010s as the primary data of the research. The findings of the study show three representations of homophobia in the United States, which encompass religions, gender roles, heteronormativity, masculinity, and HIV/AIDS as the highlighted factors that incite homophobia. By highlighting those major factors of homophobia, the filmmakers come up with two major intentions. The first intention is the movies as means to criticize the society who conforms to strict religious beliefs, traditional gender roles, masculinity, and heteronormativity. The conformity has led the society to commit homophobia, hence making homophobia elusive to eradicate. The second intention is the movies are aimed at encouraging gay communities to keep fighting for their issues and equality. Keywords: Homosexuality, Homophobia, the United States, Gay-themed American Movies

Quantum Leap 2.0 or the Western gaze on Russian homophobiaThis paper analyzes recent discourses about Russian homophobia within Anglophone media. It argues that western liberal media, supranational institutions such as the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), and gay rights activists create discourses that center gay issues in the midst of an East-West oppositionality. Such a binary construction creates the image of a just, democratic and homophile West in opposition to an undemocratic, unjust, homophobic East, dominated by Russia. It attaches the notions of progress, equality and freedom not only to a homo-tolerant or homo-inclusive legislation and society, but actually binds all these aspects to the global territory of Western nations. Russia, Eastern Europe and Eurasia, on the other hand, become attached to the notion of homophobia, hence backwardness, and anti-modern conservatism. The key figures and visual representations of all these discourses, that simultaneously signify western homo-tolerant progress as well as Russian anti-gay backwardness are white young gay men, who became victims of anti-gay violence. In using images of frightened, beaten or otherwise harmed young white men, liberal media, supranational institutions, and gay rights activists render the gay subject not only as vulnerable, and without agency, but also as globally uniform and carrier of western insignia. In this way, gays are symbolized by western signs, and become symbols themselves, standing in for western progress, modernity and development. Somehow paradoxically, such a focus on gay men allows for ignorance towards lesbians, transgender, intersex and other queers as well as the troubling nationalism, homophobia and racism within Western, Anglophone countries, such as the USA or the UK. Moreover, it allows for what Kulpa calls "leveraged pedagogy," a condemnation or reprimand of Russian policies, from a point of moral and ethical (western) superiority. "Zagubiony w czasie" 2.0 albo zachodnie spojrzenie na rosyjską homofobięPrzedmiotem niniejszej analizy są dyskursy o rosyjskiej homofobii obecne we współczesnych mediach anglojęzycznych. Autorka stwierdza, że zachodnie liberalne media, aktywiści gejowscy oraz organizacje ponadnarodowe, takie jak Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka, budują dyskurs umieszczający kwestię gejowską w centrum opozycji Wschód-Zachód. Taka binarna konstrukcja tworzy obraz praworządnego, demokratycznego i przyjaznego homoseksualistom Zachodu przeciwstawionego niedemokratycznemu, niesprawiedliwemu i homofobicznemu Wschodowi, zdominowanemu przez Rosję. Łączy ona idee postępu, równości i wolności nie tylko z tolerancyjnym i włączającym prawodawstwem, ale wiąże te aspekty z samym terytorium państw zachodnich. Z drugiej strony Rosja, Europa Wschodnia i Eurazja zostają skojarzone z ideami homofobii, zacofania i antynowoczesnego konserwatyzmu. Kluczowymi postaciami i reprezentacją wizualną tych dyskursów, która ukazuje zarówno zachodni tolerancyjny dla homoseksualizmu postęp, jak i rosyjskie antygejowskie zacofanie, stają się młodzi biali mężczyźni, którzy padli ofiarą homofobicznej przemocy. Wykorzystując obrazy przerażonych, pobitych, czy w inny sposób skrzywdzonych młodych białych mężczyzn, liberalne media, instytucje międzynarodowe i aktywiści gejowscy nie tylko przedstawiają gejów jako bezbronnych i pozbawionych sprawczości, ale również jako jednolitą grupę nosicieli zachodnich wartości. W ten sposób utożsamieni z symbolami Zachodu geje sami stają się symbolami zachodniego postępu, nowoczesności i rozwoju. Paradoksalnie, skupienie się na homoseksualnych mężczyznach pozwala lekceważyć lesbijki, osoby transpłciowe, interseksualne czy w inny sposób nieheteronormatywne. Pozwala również przemilczeć kłopotliwy nacjonalizm, homofobię i rasizm w państwach anglojęzycznego Zachodu, takich jak USA i Wielka Brytania. Umożliwia ono wreszcie potępianie przez Zachód rosyjskiej polityki z pozycji moralnej i etycznej wyższości, które Robert Kulpa określa mianem "pedagogiki nacisku".

The summer of 2011 marked an important turning-point in the geography and politics of sex: public sex, previously a domain dominated by the specter of a hypersexualized gay man, became the province of the irresponsible, foolish, and self-destructive heterosexual man, such as Anthony Weiner. Meanwhile, homosexuals were busy domesticating their sexuality in the private domain of the family. Just as hetero-sex shamefully seeped out into the open, homo-sex disappeared from view into the dignified pickets of private kinship. In this essay I examine the panic that unfolded in connection with Representative Weiner's tweets as a kind of afterlife of homophobia; an afterlife that was not unrelated to the success of same-sex couples' demand for marriage equality rights.

This paper explores an unprecedented series of violent acts against 'gay' Indonesians beginning in September 1999. Indonesia is often characterized as 'tolerant' of homosexuality. This is a false belief, but one containing a grain of truth. To identify this grain of truth I distinguish between 'heterosexism' and 'homophobia,' noting that Indonesia has been marked by a predominance of heterosexism over homophobia. I examine the emergence of a political homophobia directed at public events where gay men stake a claim to Indonesia's troubled civil society. That such violence is seen as the properly masculine response to these events indicates how the nation may be gaining a new masculinist cost. In the new Indonesia, male-male desire can increasingly be construed as a threat to normative masculinity, and thus to the nation itself.

This paper explores an unprecedented series of violent acts against 'gay' Indonesians beginning in September 1999. Indonesia is often characterized as 'tolerant' of homosexuality. This is a false belief, but one containing a grain of truth. To identify this grain of truth I distinguish between 'heterosexism' and 'homophobia,' noting that Indonesia has been marked by a predominance of heterosexism over homophobia. I examine the emergence of a political homophobia directed at public events where gay men stake a claim to Indonesia's troubled civil society. That such violence is seen as the properly masculine response to these events indicates how the nation may be gaining a new masculinist cost. In the new Indonesia, male-male desire can increasingly be construed as a threat to normative masculinity, and thus to the nation itself.